Cover -- Half Title -- Dedication -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Tables -- List of Contributors -- A Note on Transliteration -- Glossary -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Women's Movement in its Historical Context -- 3 The Boom in Women's Education -- 4 Autonomous Minds and Bodies in Theory and Practice: Women Constructing Cultural Identities and Becoming Visible through Art -- 5 Women and Employment -- 6 Women, Gender Roles, Media and Journalism -- 7 Women Working as Judges and Making Judicial Decisions -- 8 Women and Executive Power -- 9 Women in the Parliament -- 10 Women and the Environment: A Politico-Environmental Experience -- 11 The Iranian Women's Movement in its Regional and International Context -- 12 Conclusion: Women's Movements and Democracy Movements in Iran
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In order to know a scientific discipline or to establish a scientific major, it is necessary to study and identify the epistemological geometry of that discipline or major. This includes categories such as definition, purpose, subject, duties and responsibilities, methods and issues. It seems necessary to establish the major of "social theology" in the science of "Islamic theology", aiming at "presenting the social dimensions of doctrinal teachings", "analyzing new social issues related to doctrinal principles" and "responding to the mass of social misconceptions about religious teachings". The present paper explains and analyzes the epistemological geometry of Islamic social theology.
This study was conducted aimed at examining the effect of companies' liquidity and leverage on their overinvestment. Surplus liquidity can affect the financial behavior of companies and accompany them in generating overinvestment in projects. Likewise, the increase in capital of the companies can play a significant role in increasing their leverage. This study sought to answer two main questions: 1) what effect does companies' leverage have on overinvestment in projects, and 2) what effect does companies' liquidity have on the relationship between leverage and overinvestment? In this causal-comparative study, the analysis was performed on the basis of panel data and multiple linear regression. Data from 118 companies was collected during 2013-2017. Data analysis and hypothesis testing were performed using EXEL and EVIEWS software. According to the findings, there was a significant relationship between companies' liquidity and leverage with overinvestment. In addition, the results indicated that companies' liquidity had no effect on the relationship between leverage and overinvestment
زمینه و هدف: آموزش علاوه بر این‌که یکی از مصادیق مهم حقوق بشر است، ابزاری مهم برای تحقق سایر مصادیق حقوق بشر نیز به شمار می‌رود. تضمین و اجرای حق آموزش مقدمه تضمین و اجرای سایر مصادیق حقوق بشر می‌باشد. حق بر آموزش ابتدعاً در قامت یک اصل کلی و منعطف که فاقد تعهدات حقوقی مشخص و الزام‌آور بود، در قالب اعلامیه جهانی حقوق بشر پذیرفته شد. به علت تفاوت‌های بنیادینی که در نظام‌های حقوقی ـ سیاسی دولت‌ها وجود داشت، توسعه و تقویت حق مزبور به نظام‌های حقوقی منطقه‌ای و داخلی سپرده شد. مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه با روش تحلیلی ـ توصیفی، ابتدا مفهوم شهروندی و اهمیت آموزش بحث و بررسی خواهد شد. پس از مشخص‌شدن وضعیت متغیر مزبور، اهداف فرآیند آموزشی و مفهوم «حق بر آموزش» برای تبیین دقیق‌تر چارچوب کلی مسأله اصلی پژوهش حاضر و سپس آموزش دموکراسی، تسامح و تساهل به عنوان معیار اصلی برای ترویج شهروندی دموکراتیک مورد بحث و بررسی قرار خواهد گرفت. ملاحظات اخلاقی: در تمام مراحل نگارش پژوهش حاضر، ضمن رعایت اصالت متون، صداقت و امانتداری رعایت شده است. یافته‌ها: در چارچوب حق بر توانمندسازی، آموزش سازکاری است که با استفاده از آن، افراد می‌توانند ابزارهای لازم را برای مشارکت کامل در جوامع به دست آورند. آموزش نقش بسیار مهمی را در توانمندسازی اقشار آسیب‌پذیر، ترویج حقوق بشر و دموکراسی، فراهم کردن زمینه‌های لازم برای توسعه پایدار و. ایفا می‌کند، در نتیجه آموزش به عنوان یکی از بهترین سرمایه‌گذاری‌های مادی و معنوی محسوب می‌شود که یک دولت می‌تواند در راستای توسعه، پیشرفت و رفاه شهروندان خود، انجام دهد. نتیجه‌گیری: تحولات حق بر آموزش و اجرا و تضمین آن در چارچوب دکترین شهروندی دموکراتیک و در نتیجه، ارتباط آن با توسعه و تقویت مفهوم حکومت قانون و عناصر تشکیل‌دهنده آن، در فرآیند تربیت شهروندان پایبند به دموکراسی و ایجاد یک نظام حقوقی ـ سیاسی که اصلی‌ترین و کارآمدترین ضمانت اجرای آن فشار واقعی افکار عمومی و مطالبه‌گری عموم مردم خواهد بود، نقش اساسی ایفا کند. ; Background and Aim: Education is not only one of the important examples of human rights but also an important tool for the realization of other examples of human rights. The guarantee and enforcement of this right is a prelude to the guarantee and enforcement of other instances of human rights. The right to education was initially recognized as a general and flexible principle that had no clear and binding legal obligations under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Due to the fundamental differences that existed in the legal-political systems of governments, the development and strengthening of this right was entrusted to regional and domestic legal systems. Materials and Methods: In this study with analytical-descriptive method, first the concept of citizenship and the importance of education will be discussed. After determining the status of this variable, the objectives of the educational process and the concept of "right to education" will be considered to explain more precisely the general framework of the main issue of the present study. In the third step, the teaching of democracy, tolerance and tolerance as the main criteria for promoting democratic citizenship will be discussed. Ethical Considerations: In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed. Findings: Within the framework of the right to empowerment, education is a mechanism by which individuals can acquire the tools necessary for full participation in society. Education plays a very important role in empowering the vulnerable, promoting human rights and democracy, providing the necessary conditions for sustainable development, and so on. As a result, education is considered as one of the best materials and spiritual investments that a government can make for the development, progress and welfare of its citizens. Conclusion: Developments in the right to education and implementation and its guarantee within the framework of the doctrine of democratic citizenship and, consequently, its relationship with the development and strengthening of the concept of rule of law and its constituent elements can in the process of educating citizens committed to democracy and creating a legal-political system. The main and most effective guarantee of its implementation will be the real pressure of public opinion and public demand, to play a key role. Please cite this article as: Rostami S, Soleymanzadeh T. A Rethinking of the Concept of Right to Education in the Light of Democratic Citizenship. Bioethics Journal, Special Issue on Bioethics and Citizenship Rights 2020; 173-186.
Accurate forecasts of ambulance demand are crucial inputs when planning and deploying staff and fleet. Such demand forecasts are required at national, regional, and sub-regional levels and must take account of the nature of incidents and their priorities. These forecasts are often generated independently by different teams within the organization. As a result, forecasts at different levels may be inconsistent, resulting in conflicting decisions and a lack of coherent coordination in the service. To address this issue, we exploit the hierarchical and grouped structure of the demand time series and apply forecast reconciliation methods to generate both point and probabilistic forecasts that are coherent and use all the available data at all levels of disaggregation. The methods are applied to daily incident data from an ambulance service in Great Britain, from October 2015 to July 2019, disaggregated by nature of incident, priority, managing health board, and control area. We use an ensemble of forecasting models and show that the resulting forecasts are better than any individual forecasting model. We validate the forecasting approach using time series cross-validation.
IntroductionInequitable access to appropriate maternity health care is an issue for vulnerable women that negatively impacts health outcomes. As part of a feasibility study on midwifery services for vulnerable women, we used administrative data to further our understanding of socially disadvantaged women's use of the primary care system during pregnancy.
Objectives and ApproachTo better understand maternity health service utilization and social vulnerability of women in Calgary Alberta, a research partnership was formed between Alberta Health Services and a social service agency that serves clients experiencing, poverty, and food insecurity and were at risk for homelessness. This multi-phase study linked postal code data to data from provincial databases. Variables included socioeconomic characteristics, prenatal health care utilization and maternal and birth outcomes for the years 2013 to 2015.
ResultsDatabases accessed included the Alberta Perinatal Health Program (APHP), Alberta Health Practitioner Claims Database, AHS Admission Discharge Transfer Database, Discharge Abstracts Database, National Ambulatory Care Reporting, and Provincial Registry Database.
Data linkages yielded a total sample size of 7493 women, with 15.5% of women qualifying as 'socially vulnerable'. Women receiving social assistance are relatively younger, experience more pregnancies, have higher antenatal risk scores and accessed maternal and emergency care more often and later in their pregnancy than those women who are not accessing social services. Our results suggest women living in vulnerable circumstances experience higher risk pregnancies that those not living in vulnerable circumstances. Therefore a maternity care model such as midwifery, which uses a holistic approach to care may be beneficial for vulnerable women.
Conclusion/ImplicationsFindings from our study confirm that women experiencing poor social circumstances are at increased risk for complications during pregnancy and birth. Therefore, we need to further investigate utilizing maternity models of care that serve both the maternal health needs and the social needs of this population.
This study is going to analyze the relationship and harmony between the proverbs used in Jamalzade's stories with the social situations of the characters. Jamalzade enjoyed this literature in order to get close to people's daily language and make his works more impressive. The research's data showed that Jamalzade could create a modern way of writing in Persian prose by using ordinary people's language and culture and combining it with Persian. He not only uses proverbs—as one of the most important factors of folksy literature in the formation of his stories, but also puts his best to use them properly according to the characters' social status; it has made his stories look more realistic. In fact, the relationship and appropriateness of the proverb and characters is such important for him that if he wants to use a proverb in several different situations, he make change in it.
