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Cobblestone road is one of the infrastructure developments implemented in many cities of the country since 2008 in all of Sub-Cities of Addis Ababa city administration. Many internal roads are constructed jointly by the community and government participations. The roads have many benefits, i.e. creating job to the city youths and helping to minimizing the number of youth's unemployment in Yeka Sub-city in particular and in Addis Ababa city administration in general. Besides, the cobblestone project making all the surrounding environments attractive and beautiful and the internal roads are always facilitating the overall service delivery within and outside the sub-city. As to the researcher observation a significant part of the cobblestone roads are not well maintained and properly used. This research work tried to assess and examines the Challenges and Prospects of Internal Road Infrastructure Development. The study was conducted in both a descriptive way of quantitative as well as qualitative research approach. The unit of analysis for this study is Yeka Sub-City as a case study which has 10 Woredas and among which Woreda 01, Kebeles 01 and 02 were sampled purposively, while respondents are randomly selected from residents in the selected areas. Data were collected through questionnaire and interview of key informants, observation of the field and critically reviewing documents and reports of the concerned Woreda, sub-city, regional as well as and other relevant government offices. The findings indicated that cobblestone roads are benefiting the community, who assured for benefits they have obtained. Whereas, the roads are getting damage due to other infrastructure development works by some government institutions; and individuals who needs to fix their waterline. The community's sense of ownership has improved in fear of losing the roads' quality and benefits due to damages in the roads. The roads are deteriorating because of the absence road management together with poor maintenance after construction. Water pipes and sewerage pipes, are some of the reasons damaging the roads. Reconstruction/maintenance of the road by the responsible individual results in poor road maintenance. Another significant problem observed was improper ditches /resulted in water or mud overflow to the roads. Based on the conclusion, some of the recommendations are: develop the sense of community ownership in order to preserve, manage and maintain the development outcomes without expectations to the government or each other. Furthermore, there should be directives to administer the roads, the local government should make a smooth space for the community to develop the sense of ownership, and the local government should be committed in following up of these activities and there should also be routine or regular maintenance activities.

This study focuses on the role of the informal sector in alleviating poverty in Yeka sub city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The objectives of this research were exploring general context in which the informal sector operates, assessing the living and working conditions of informal sector operators, exploring the contribution of the informal sector to reducing poverty, identifying coping mechanism of poverty in the urban informal sector and forwarding recommendation. A descriptive survey design was used and a purposive sample of two respondent groups, namely government officials and the informal sector participants themselves was drawn, and personal interviews conducted and questionnaires were filled. The purpose of the interviews of the first respondent group was to discover their perception of the informal sector in Addis Ababa City in general, and in Yeka sub city in particular. This perception was vital for it was clear that this group influenced government policies much more than the general public. The informal sector participants themselves filled a questionnaire to learn how the informal sector operated, its scope and benefits, how successful it was in alleviating poverty in Yeka sub city. The results show that there were mixed feelings among the people in each of the two respondent groups. Although many of the government officials were positive, mainly because the government's policy of free enterprise and promote the formalization of the informal sector publicly, they still believe there is a need to control the sector's operations. More than 83 percent of the informal sector participants are making a comfortable livelihood through their activities despite some difficulties. The lack of employment in the formal sector and the desire to survive were found to be the two pressing problems that enhance the growth of the informal sector in Yeka sub city. The participants could further expand their informal business activities if access to credit facilities and working space were made available. However, further research is required into the size and contribution of this sector to poverty alleviation and economic growth. Keywords: Informal Sector, poverty alleviation

The drainage system that supported with adequate information, program and having sustainability, in adding psychological ownership of the community in line with utilizing and caring the same which allow to prevent traffic accident as well as preventing damage over health of the community and property of government thereby the community may move freely with desired speed and make them competent. Whereas, this research for drainage after construction that over city administration of Addis Ababa Kirkos sub city towards post construction stage with the management as per that challenging conditions in maintaining and utilizing on side of the community and hence the information collected for research include mixed quantitative and qualitative data and the research design is also exploratory. Result of the research shows that reason that make difficult for maintenance, beyond the absence of system governing with monitoring and maintenance that is modern equipped with information and substantiated with program; the city administration of Addis Ababa executed organs do not perform activities in integrated and helping each other, rather they explicitly perform the same. The problems creating on side of the residents have always commit with negligence and thus that make difficult to monitoring is due to the psychological ownership do not have created within such residents. The woreda shall record adequate information for drainage system which located within the same area, in following up maintenance program, in convincing residents and initiating the youth that ready for change for collaboration as well as integrating them in which when some mark has shown for drainage that may easily repairing should be maintained with voluntary satisfaction and with minimum cost before creating huge damage

This study has tried to deal with good governance by taking into account the public service issue, and it is functioning in delivering effective and efficient Government performance. To deal with this study, the researcher has incorporated seven key indicators of good governance that are transparency responsiveness, Accountability, Participation, Rule of low Efficiency, and effectiveness to assess the situation of good governance in the city administration concerning government performance. The researcher incorporates these seven indicators because the more the indicators are incorporated, for an in-depth study; to get enough information. The investigation result shows the good governance principles are not implemented as expected in government organizations' to push for the admirable result of government performance. Because results indicate that good governance principles are significantly correlated to government performance. Implications of these findings are discussed, and suggestions for future studies are recommended.

The Primary objective of the present study is to assess and evaluate the general performance and challenges of MSSAs in Wolkite and Boutajira city administrations. In order to meet objectives of the study, various books, journals, policy and strategy documents and regulations were referred. Structured questionnaires were also distributed to 92 selected operators of the associations. Furthermore, 5 officials and experts from both Wolkite and Boutajira cities were interviewed and have provided important information. In the study areas, Wolkite and Boutajira, the MSSEs development program has been implemented since 2003. MSSAs have been established in the areas of construction, Metal and Wood works, urban agriculture, textile and tailoring, municipality services and food processing and preparation. Various support-Services including access to market, finance and credit, spaces, training and counseling, machineries, equipments and inputs have been given to the MSSAs. After carefully looking in to and analyzing the available data, the study has found out that these supports have not been directed towards ensuring sustainability of the associations. The practice of service provision in the two cities is not inline with the principles and objectives of the national strategy. The associations exhibit high closure rate and dropout of members. They cannot create long-term jobs. The participation of women in the association is also found insignificant. The study has also come up with the fact that the associations have been given priority in the market access from the public institutions. Even if this priority helps them to get market at the start-up stage, it makes them also entirely dependent on single market opportunity from the government that limited their over-all performance Because of this over-protection and dependence, the associations finally become politicized and they are not market-oriented entities. The MSSAs also suffer from various challenges and constraints. Among them, the fact that they face shortage of access to technical and vocational training, spaces, finance, inputs and better machineries and equipments. There is no any networking among the associations. Members are also not clear about the legal forms of their associations. found weak. The expected linkage with TVET institutions is also Furthermore, the associations do not have necessary accounting records and do not prepare financial statements regularly so that analyzing their financial progress is found difficult. MSSAs in order to play the expected role in socio-economic development of the two cities, establishing large number of associations and providing them support alone is not enough. All support services must be designed in such away that ensure sustainable growth of the associations and the attitudes of members should be also shaped through continuous awareness programs. As much as possible, they should be insulated from the direct political involvement. Furthermore, problems related with the access to space, finance, inputs and other services should be settled

Like many in Africa, the Ethiopian Civil Service has not been able to effectively carry out government policies and programs as well as to organize and deliver cost effective service for so long years due to a broad set of deficiencies. Consequently its role in promoting economic and social development remains limited. Recognizing this fact, the government has being implementing Civil Service Reform in general and Service Delivery Reform (SDR) in particular in all government institutions – i.e. at Federal, Regional and City Administration Levels - since 2001. This research takes interest in assessing the effectiveness of the SDR. It also takes note of the achievements recorded and the challenges Bahir Dar City Service Office witnessed. For this purpose, the methodology used for the research was qualitative method supported by simple quantitative measurements, expressed in the form of percentages and tabular illustrations. The instruments used to gather data were observations, interview and questionnaires. The major findings of this study were observed in respect to preparation made, achievements recorded and challenges encountered. Regarding preparation made to implement the SDR, it was found out the those elements of preparation that attracts theoretical support as prerequisites for successful realization of customer focused service delivery particularly that of capacity building and empowerment of employees were not practically considered at the beginning of the reform implementation in the office. With respect to achievements recorded from SDR implementation, it was found out that despite the policy of SDR, which was intended to bring significant improvements in various dimensions of service quality particularly in attitudinal change, information openness, service accessibility and compliant handling, the achievement recorded so far in the aforementioned dimensions of the service quality in the Office of City Service remains limited. Similarly the actual impact of the SDR interms of raising of client satisfaction and institutional core competence found yet to be realized. The major challenges hindering the effectiveness of SDR implementation in the office emanate from weak institutional capacity, poor management practices and poor working ethics of employees. Specifically, the challenges encountering the SDR in the office are lack of enough budget, shortage of skilled man power, lack of training, insufficient awareness, lack of consultation, lack of incentive, ineffective result oriented evaluation, inadequate authority delegation, mismanagement of time, high resistance of employees and low motivation. Finally the recommendations forwarded are those that seek solutions for the challenges mentioned above. Among others, the need for consistent and continuous training, capacity building, strategic management practices, political commitment and result oriented performance are stressed in the recommendations forwarded

The thesis attempts to explore with objective of , assessing the administrative discretions as well as the applicability of administrative accountability mechanisms practice in Addis Ababa yeka sub -city woreda ten . To meet the above objectives, the research employed more of qualitative case study approach. Both primary and secondary data sources were used in gathering pertinent information. The technique of collecting primary data includes in-depth interviews at sub-city and woreda , focus group discussions with the community representative. Secondary sources such as published and unpublished materials such as books, proclamation, procedures, directives and manuals are used. Descriptive method of analysis is used to analyze the primary and secondary data. The study found that local administrative discretionary power is not adequately devolved and accountability mechanisms, at woredas of Addis Ababa are not properly designed due to different reasons. It is challenged by many problems such as crucial autonomy still remain in the upper stratum, as well as lack in properly codified rules and regulation in administrative autonomy. As well as due to political curiosity intervening of politically assigned official in administrative procedures is also to be mentioned .The public accountability mechanisms are also not properly designed and social accountability is completely not designed. Hence to make administrative decentralization meaningful recommendations are made on devolving adequate administrative autonomy ,codifying proclamation and other regulations and directives . Both the public and social accountability mechanisms have to be designed properly and adequately in woredas of Addis Ababa. Key words: Administrative, Discretion, Accountability, Woreda, Regulating abilities, Procurement,Humanresource

Urban centers' municipalities constitute an important part of local government in Ethiopia. There have been many problems observed in the civil service institutions of the country including municipalities for many years. For this reason, the government has implemented service delivery reform as part of the country's general political and economic restructuring programs. The major objective of this study is to assess the achievements recorded and to analyze the challenges encountered in implementing the SDR in KMS and HM. Primary data were collected from clients and staff of the two municipalities based on disproportionate stratified random sampling technique complemented with interviews and secondary sources. Since similar studies were not conducted before in these municipalities, the study is believed to be essential for its original findings and groundwork for future studies to build upon. From the essential conditions for the implementation of SDR, Strategic Planning and Management (SPM) was designed in both municipalities. Business Process Reengineering (BPR) has not been implemented. Allocation of budget, suitable offices, assigning trained manpower, awareness creation as well as establishing one stop service delivery mechanisms are not implemented sufficiently. Customers' information access is relatively good in KMS but insufficient in HM. Hence, the preconditions for the reform measures seem undeveloped. Though its implementation is very poor, KMS has designed service standards for basic services but not in HM. KMS has empowered departments for public service delivery. However, decentralization and outsourcing of services are not undertaken in these municipalities. Consequently, efficiency of municipalities is reduced in implementing SDR. Commitment and attitude of officials and employees, accountability, effectiveness and result-oriented work evaluation have been improved relatively compared to the situation before the implementation of the SDR. But it is insufficient. By and large, the municipalities' human resources and the system itself are central reasons for the increasing widespread perceptions of the general public that have difficulty in receiving service timely and in a cost-efficient manner. The problems of the municipalities require thorough diagnosis and sustained thought about the way to bring attitudinal changes. The SDR measures need to be executed through fulfillment of necessary conditions such as awareness creation; one-stop shop service delivery mechanisms; Business Process Reengineering; and allocation of sufficient financial budget, amongst others. Moreover, staff training and continuous monitoring and evaluation of the reform should be done with the commitment of municipal leaders