EXPLAINS FOREIGN AND EOCNOIMIC POLICY OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABLE TO THE SOVIET UNION DUE TO ITS AMPLE PETROLEUM RESOURCES. DESCRIBES POLICY OF OIL EXPORTATION. INDICATES WEAK POINTS IN DOMESTIC OIL PRODUCTION INDUSTRY AS A WHOLE. ANALYSES ROLE OF OIL IN ENERGY POLICY IN GENERAL. SHOWS HOW OIL FACILITATES EXERTION OF GREAT INFLUENCE ON THE ECONOMY OF EASTERN EUROPEAN SOCIALIST STATES.
Argues that multinational companies (MNCs) are agents of peace & democracy in developing countries & that much misguided governmental & intergovernmental policy has resulted from criticisms of MNC investment in developing economies. Major prevailing critiques are examined, & a call is made for a more balanced assessment of what MNCs are & what they do. Through examining the reality of foreign direct investment in the world's poorer countries, it is shown how MNCs undermine nondemocratic regimes, & thus encourage democracy & peace in developing areas. Adapted from the source document.
The evolution of public policies in the United States has been characterized as a process involving long periods of stability followed by abrupt episodes of substantial change. In this project, we identify strands in the literature and synthesize policy theories into a policy regime model useful in explaining both stability and change. This model focuses on power arrangements, policy paradigms and organization - factors that operate to maintain long periods of stability. We demonstrate how stressors - catastrophic events, economic crises, demographic changes, shifts in modes of production, and others - impact policy regimes and create pressures for change. We argue that the process of policy regime change - the abrupt episodes of substantial change - occurs with changes in the policy paradigm, alterations in patterns of power and shifts in organizational arrangements. The old policy regime disintegrates and the new one emerges with a new policy paradigm, new patterns of power and new organizational arrangements that operate to maintain long periods of stability.
