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MEDICAL MALPRACTICE ABROAD BY UNITED STATES PHYSICIAN IN CONNECTION WITH DEPARTMENT OF STATE REGULATIONS GOVERNING TORT CLAIMS PROVIDED FOR AN INVESTIGATIVE PROCEDURE FOLLOWED BY AGENCY DECISION--AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT HOLDS NO CONSTITUTIONAL OBLIGATIONS TO EVALUATE MEDICAL MALPRACTICE CLAIM ON THE MERITS AND IN ACCORD WITH MINIMAL DUE PROCESS. Tarpeh-Doe v. United States, 904 F.2d719 (D.C. Cir. 1990). THE FOREIGN CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT DOES NOT CREATE AN IMPLIED PRIVATE RIGHT OF ACTION THAT KENTUCKY TOBACCO GROWERS COULD USE TO RECOVER DAMAGES FROM COMPANIES THAT ALLEGEDLY ENGAGED IN CORRUPT PRACTICES TO THE DETRIMENT OF GROWERS. THE ACT OF STATE DOCTRINE, HOWEVER, DOES NOT NECESSARILY SERVE AS A BAR TO ACTIONS INVOLVING ANTITRUST VIOLATIONS BY FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS. Lamb v. Phillip Morris, Inc., 915 F.2d 1024 (6th Cir. 1990). UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT LACKED SUBJECT MATTER JURISDICTION UNDER THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF FOREIGN ARBITRAL AWARDS TO VACATE AN ARBITRATION AWARD ENTERED IN MEXICO DESPITE APPLICATION OF DOMESTIC LAW TO SETTLE UNDERLYING DISPUTE--LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE V(1)(e) OF THE CONVENTION STATING THAT AN AWARD MAY BE VACATED ONLY BY THE COURTS OF THE COUNTRY UNDER WHOSE LAW THE AWARD WAS MADE, REFERS ONLY TO THE PROCEDURAL LAW APPLIED BY THE ARBITRATORS, NOT THE SUBSTANTIVE LAW APPLIED TO THE DISPUTE--International Standard Elec. Corp. v. Bridas Sociedad Anonima Petrolera, Industrial y Commercial, 745 F. Supp. 172(S.D.N.Y. 1990). PASSPORT IS "CONCLUSIVE EVIDENCE" OF CITIZENSHIP AND MAY NOT BE REVOKED BY SECRETARY OF STATE UNLESS PASSPORT HOLDER IS GIVEN A HEARING PRIOR TO REVOCATION--REVOCATION MAY BE HAD ONLY ON THE BASIS OF FRAUD, MISREPRESENTATION, AND OTHER EXCEPTIONAL GROUNDS--Magnuson v. Baker, 911 F.2d 330 (9th Cir. 1990).

The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 is supreme. It can be used to assess the soundness of various policies and laws. This statement has however been challenged based on the apparent limited range of the provisions of the Constitution. The Bill of Rights enshrined in the Constitution comprises of dedicated rules intended to address certain issues. Owing to this supposed limitation, some have questioned the tag of supremacy attached to the Constitution. The article examines how the Constitutional Court has decided issues which did not raise clear constitutional questions to determine whether values could be used to decide various issues of law. This determination, similarly, informs whether constitutional values could be used to administer matters of general public importance that are not founded on clear constitutional questions.

The sixth edition of the Judicial Education Institute of Trinidad and Tobago's Distinguished Jurist Lecture Series was delivered by Professor Richard Drayton PhD FRHistS on Wednesday 2nd March 2016 at the Convocation Hall, Hall of Justice, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. Professor Drayton's topic, "Whose Constitution? Law, Justice and History in the Caribbean" explores the historical relationship between the Trinidadian citizens and the Independence Constitutions, and further, examines the prevalent lack of possession surrounding these Constitutions. In doing so, he encourages his audience to observe the connections, and interdependency, of past and present, to analyse the structures of government, and to observe the Constitution as political order. The widespread interest with which Professor Drayton's lecture was received from various sectors of society can be witnessed both by the CNC3 Morning Brew interview and the Trinidad Guardian newspaper editorials published within.

Abstract
This work deals critically with the Islamic full veil ban in public spaces, that is start­ing to be adopted in some European countries and is being echoed in some regulations in Spanish municipalities. After a brief analysis of the general bans recently passed in Belgium and France and of the partial bans adopted in schools by other countries, like Germany, Ita­ly or the UK, the article analyses the constitutionality of the recently approved municipal bans in Spain from a constitutional perspective, including the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights. The author reaches the conclusion that according to the Sp Const 1978 an adequate interpretation of the limitations to the freedom of religion and the right to one's own image, involved when wearing an Islamic full veil, would make a general ban on the full veil in each and every public space unconstitutional, but would allow its partial ban regarding the access to municipal buildings or services or regarding teachers and pupils at schools, as far as these partial bans could be justified by constitutional values like safeguarding of public institutions or services, or protecting the fundamental rights of others. `

Abstract
The question of how to understand and conceptualize inter-institutional interaction between courts and legislatures, particularly in the context of constitutional challenges, has drawn considerable attention over the years. This question is of special importance to the apprehension of constitutional dialogue as simultaneously describing and shaping constitutional interaction. This article focuses on the descriptive aspects of the constitutional dialogue and through them proposes a reconceptualization of constitutional dialogue, which is not based on the mere existence of legislative responses or the number thereof, or on the existence of different structural constitutional mechanisms. Instead, this reconceptualization is based on the de facto use in constitutional practices during the routine constitutional examination process, by the judiciary and political branches altogether. The article introduces a breadth-and-depth approach, which observes many constitutional decisions and legislative responses and uses them to analyze the nature of courts-legislatures dynamics. These insights are derived not only from the mere existence of a ruling or a statute, but also from the content and design of the institutional outcome thereof. The conclusions drawn using this approach are comprehensive, providing insight into the constitutional and dialogic interaction between courts and legislatures in each constitutional system, as well as identifying trends and changes as they occur. The article also offers an application of this approach to Israeli jurisprudence, illuminating the depth and complexity of this interaction, and enabling us to recognize it as a constitutional system with strong dialogic characteristics.

Partly reprinted from various sources ; Certainty and justice -- The challenge to the Constitution -- What is the matter with the law? -- Jury trial as an instance of constitutional development -- Criminal procedure and the Constitution -- The Constitution and our new peoples; citizens, subjects, nationals or aliens -- The law and our industrial development. "The rule of reason" -- Perversion of precedent. Stare decisis. History misinterpreted -- Aliens and the progress of the law -- Progress of international law in treatment of political crime -- The crisis of the law; professional incompetency ; Mode of access: Internet.

The ideal of equality has become increasingly prominent in Irish political discourse. Article 40.1 of the Constitution of Ireland, 1937 guarantees the equality of all citizens, as human persons, before the law, but has for many years remained undeveloped by the courts. This thesis attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of the case law interpreting Article 40.1 and to place that case law in its theoretical context. The major conclusions of this thesis are that the drafters of Article 40.1 understood it is a guarantee of civil and political equality, but not social equality. In interpreting the Constitution, however, the courts have adopted a weak process conception of equality which applies in civil, political and social spheres of life. This weak process conception is based on the first half of Aristotle?s injunction to treat like cases alike and unlike cases unalike. As a matter of constitutional law, this requires the courts to test whether legislative classifications correspond to real differences in society. Dicta in a number of recent cases suggest that the courts may be strengthening this process conception by requiring a higher level of justification for some grounds of classification, such as race, than for others. ; TARA (Trinity?s Access to Research Archive) has a robust takedown policy. Please contact us if you have any concerns: rssadmin@tcd.ie