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AbstractThis study examines the drivers of rice trade. The analysis uses the standard comparative advantage model, the Heckscher–Ohlin–Vanek (HOV) framework, supplemented with a gravity‐type equation. Using the Poisson pseudo‐maximum likelihood (PPML) estimation for data from 2002 to 2020, the analysis broadly confirms HOV model predictions. Results indicate that arable land, along with GDP, distance, precipitation and crop season temperature, significantly influences rice trade dynamics. The results showed that the precipitation play a key role in influencing the rice trade rather than the blue water availability. However, agricultural water stress discouraged exports and encouraged imports.

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Abstract
Fifty years ago, Schumacher in his celebrated book, Small Is Beautiful, argued that the Western model of mass production, which relies on high-cost, capital-intensive, and labor-saving technology, was not suitable for developing countries to improve their economic conditions and living standards. Instead, Schumacher proposed an alternative path of development that emphasized low-cost, small-scale, and labor-intensive technology. Considering persistent unemployment in developing countries, Schumacher's model of alternative development remains relevant for the vast majority of their people. However, he failed to include women in his model and held traditional views on gender roles. His understanding of the economic role of women did not align with the women's movements, which sought equal access to education and employment. By using a case study of India, this article argues that it is often poor women who are the "agents" of Small Is Beautiful. Through low-cost small businesses, they are uplifting themselves and their families out of poverty and contributing to society's well-being.