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Abstract
The purpose of this study is to understand the international perception of Portugal, as well as the strategies used by Portuguese companies to overcome any possible negative country-of-origin (COO) effect. The paper focuses on companies belonging to different Portuguese businesses: wine, footwear and electromechanical. Cases were chosen because of the dynamic process that was correctly put forward at different levels. The results show that Portuguese companies are interested in getting to know how to accommodate or be part of that dynamic process, as this seems to be crucial if they want to succeed in international markets. The perception of Portugal is improving, and there seems to be signs of a positive COO effect being created in some instances. Most of the achievements are due to the previous success of Portuguese businesses and businesspeople in international markets that have been able to create a positive reputation. The key to success seems to be rooted in how companies combine their unique resources with technological innovations and strategic tools, backed by public policy. This study contributes to enhance the knowledge of managers on the COO effect and its effects on companies, by presenting different levels of analysis: company, industry and country level.

The technological development along with the fall of most political barriers has made the world a smaller place. Firms, even those that focus their operations in the domestic market, face an increasing competition. These phenomena have introduced an important shift in the way the competitiveness issue must be regarded. In fact, in a growing number of cases it is a matter of being competitive in webs of relationships where the particular position assumed by one firm is likely to affect not only its own performance but also the evolution of other players. The objective of this paper is to shed a new light on competitiveness supported by collaborative arrangements. The authors develop a model of inter-organizational cooperation based on four attributes: interests, resources, activities and trust.

Since the abolition of the 50-years old authoritarian regime in Portugal in the mid-1970s, political discourses and legal texts have incorporated media diversity as a fundamental democratic value. The 1976 Constitution prohibited cross-media concentration and subsequent media legislation contemplated pluralism as a vital societal dimension. This recognition however has always been expressed in vague and inoperative terms as no government has ever had a real interest in preventing concentration of media ownership and in guaranteeing broadcasting content diversity. In an ever fragile political environment, governments have either promoted 'friendly' media groups or, fearing adverse reaction, abstained to act against the perceived interests of the established ones. Taking advantage of the smallness of the country, media owners have efficiently argued that scale was necessary to maintain the media in national hands, and that concentration in itself was a guarantee of media content diversity. The 'foreign enemy' argument has served both the interests of successive governments and domestic multimedia groups. ...

A concepção de "zona de indeterminação", forjada pelo filósofo Henri Bergson (2010), explora os elementos que separam a percepção e a ação no sujeito, concebe, desta forma, o ser humano como um agente situado nesse intervalo. Para Bergson (2010), a subjetividade reside nessa lacuna, espaço em que a liberdade se manifesta. O Filosofo francês conecta a consciência percebida à liberdade de ação, proporcionando uma perspectiva sobre a interação temporal na existência humana. Essa abordagem influencia a arte, especialmente a literatura, como um meio de expressão de subjetividade. A produção literária de Rubem Fonseca pode exemplifica esse conceito, tomando como exemplo o conto Feliz ano novo (1975), nessa narrativa é possível perceber uma visão singular do autor sobre a violência urbana no Brasil nas décadas de 1960 e 1970, a qual contribuiu, antecipadamente para análises sociológicas a respeito da cartografia dos conflitos sociais no Brasil nas décadas subsequentes.

ABSTRACT Participatory management, although instituted in the norms of the constitution of the Brazilian Universal Health System (SUS), still faces challenges to be effective in practice at a local level, especially in complex urban territories, aiming at community strengthening and social participation. This essay aims to present and discuss aspects of a participatory management experience in a vulnerable territory, mediated by Primary Health Care. This experience of health co-management was developed between 2009 and 2013 in Manguinhos, a municipality of Rio de Janeiro. From the managers' reports and the technical materials produced, the implementation of strategies analyzed were the mobilization to create a local intersectoral management council and those of information, education, and communication in health supported by institutional supporters and by the family health teams. We concluded that democratic managerial and sanitary practices can be developed through social technologies, which value participative and shared management among workers-users-management.

RESUMO A gestão participativa, embora instituída nas normativas de constituição do Sistema Único de Saúde, ainda encontra desafios para efetivação em âmbito local, especialmente em territórios urbanos marcados por violência e pobreza. O ensaio objetivou apresentar e discutir aspectos de uma experiência de gestão participativa em um território vulnerável, mediada pela Atenção Primária à Saúde. Essa experiência de cogestão da saúde foi desenvolvida entre 2009 e 2013 em Manguinhos, no município do Rio de Janeiro. A partir do relato de gestores e de materiais técnicos produzidos, analisou-se a implementação de estratégias, tais como a mobilização para criação de um conselho gestor intersetorial local e aquelas de informação, educação e comunicação em saúde suportadas por apoiadores institucionais e pelas equipes de saúde da família. Concluiu-se que práticas gerenciais e sanitárias democráticas podem ser desenvolvidas por meio de tecnologias sociais, que valorizem a gestão participativa e compartilhada entre trabalhadores-usuários-gestão.

The loss of localism has been a common trend in most radio markets in Europe and the United States. Deregulation of ownership led to a concentration phenomenon that has affected local radios in several western democracies. New forms of regulation have been considered as possible ways to stop the erosion of localism by applying rules to markets in the defense of diversity, pluralism, and the local dimension. This article analyses the local radio market in Portugal, by assessing the changes in the legislation and by examining the regulatory action that can, according to its remit, act preventively to avoid market forces to harm these principles. ...

The processes of transformation that contemporary societies are now going through have contributed to the reconfiguration of and stress in the different realities of work and of the professions. In Portugal, during the last few decades it has been proved to be true that the different constitutional governments tended to legislate for reforms concerning the structure of the central administration. In the educational field, these political measures were expressed in countless decrees and standards, which have had repercussions on the lives of schools and teachers. New regimes were proposed like professional reclassification and reconversion (2008) and, more recently, the loss of teaching posts by mutual consent and the requalification of the workers, who were surplus in public services and bodies (2013). An investigation will be carried out in which the principal objective is the understanding of what teachers think about the impact of these policies on their work and on the (re)construction of their professional identity, thus permitting a wider understanding of what it is to be a teacher today. The investigation is of a qualitative nature with recourse to biographical narratives and documental research. This article will focus on a revision of the literature concerning the theme, while emphasizing that the quality of work undertaken by these professionals has a strong relationship with the significance that they attribute to themselves. Thus, in the case of the teachers, the meaning assigned to their work has an impact on their own teaching work and their professional ...

This paper is part of a research study undertaken with Portuguese teachers. The main objective is to understand the impact of recent educational legislation on the quality of teaching and the professional development of teachers. In this context the following research questions were formulated: ' Do the education policies of the government encourage teacher development? ' , ' Will opportunities for teacher development be created in schools? ' , ' Will the goal of improving the quality of teaching be achieved in education contexts sustained by teaching mal- aise ? ' This paper seeks to explain the perceptions of elementary school teachers recounted in written and oral biographical narratives and in three discussion groups set up for the purpose. The professional experiences recounted by the teachers suggest outcomes different from those foreseen by educational policy-makers, thus emphasising the weaknesses and inapplicability of the core objectives established by recent Portuguese ...

This paper is part of ongoing research undertaken for a PhD thesis in Education Sciences, specialty of Curriculum Development. The objective is to understand the impact of recent legislation – Teaching Career Statute (TCS) and its respective Evaluation of Teacher Performance (ETP) – with particular emphasis on the (re)construction of the identity, career and professional development of teachers. In this context we were able to formulate these research questions: do the government"s education policies encourage teacher development? Will opportunities for teacher development be created in schools? Will the goal of improving the quality of teaching be achieved in education contexts sustained by teaching malaise? In this paper we shall explain the perceptions of elementary school teachers recounted in written and oral biographical narratives and in three discussion groups set up for the purpose. In addition we present some of the results yielded by responses to a questionnaire sent out to 396 elementary school teachers and their statistical analysis using the chi-square test and t-test. The professional experiences recounted by the teachers suggest outcomes different from those foreseen by Portugal"s policymakers, emphasising the weaknesses and inapplicability of the core objectives established in the legislation on the Portuguese ...

O que é sustentabilidade? Como tratar a questão da sustentabilidade, no âmbito de uma organização da sociedade civil (OSC), no contexto brasileiro? O presente artigo discute a questão da sustentabilidade do Grupo de Apoio à Prevenção à Aids da Bahia (Gapa-Ba), partindo do princípio de que a sustentabilidade desta Organização é um fenômeno multidimensional e complexo. Foi-se desconstruindo a noção de sustentabilidade associada, tradicional e quase exclusivamente, à sua dimensão econômico-financeira, para reconstruir-se o conceito através da análise da prática social do Gapa-Ba. A partir do olhar sobre a sustentabilidade do Gapa-Ba foi construída uma matriz referencial que serviu como modelo de análise da própria sustentabilidade da Organização. Nesta trajetória, foram se descortinando a vida e a alma do Gapa-Ba por meio das diferentes dimensões da sua sustentabilidade, quais sejam: técnica, cognitiva, econômica, social e política.

No Brasil, apesar da Educação no cárcere ser garantida por lei, este vem sendo um direito negado à população encarcerada. Diante disso, procuramos explicar, a partir das vivências educacionais de ex detentos, como é produzida e efetivada a exclusão escolar em Unidades Prisionais. A análise, fundamentada na Psicologia Histórico-Cultural e na Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica, constatou a impossibilidade de oferta de vagas, o predomínio do oferecimento de atividades laborais o ensino precário e a redução do papel da escola à remição de pena. Entretanto, encontramos nas contradições do sistema e na própria Educação, caminhos para enfrentamento, emancipação e superação dessa realidade.