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The paper examines the effect of foreign capital inflow on growth of output, domestic saving, imports and production structure. In doing so, a simultaneous equation model for the Bangladesh economy in the framework of the dual gap analysis has been estimated using the time series data for the period 1960/61-1979/80. It is found that foreign capital inflow was conducive to economic growth. (DÜI-Sen)

The article tests the following hypotheses in the context of Bangladesh economy: (1) The level of the economy is constrained, at least in part, by the foreign exchange availability. (2) Different components of foreign exchange may differ in their impacts on the three categories of imports. (3) The effects of different components of foreign exchange may spread over a period of more than one year. The results of the test support the hypotheses that foreign exchange receipts from exports and/or foreign capital inflow have significantly positive effects on three categories of imports. (DÜI-Sen)

On the basis of theoretical and empirical studies, it can be suggested that foreign capital inflow may have either a positive or a negative effect on domestic savings. The author shows in this contribution a positive effect of foreign capital inflow on domestic saving in the case of Bangladesh. (DÜI-Sen)

SummaryThe analysis based on data collected as a part of the World Fertility Survey programme in four Muslim populations—Bangladesh, Java, Jordan and Pakistan—did not show a consistent pattern in rural–urban differentials in marital fertility. While no significant differential in current fertility by place of current residence is noticeable in Bangladesh and Pakistan, urban women in Jordan showed lower fertility than their rural counterparts. Cumulative fertility, when controlled for duration of marriage, was found to be higher in urban than in rural areas of Bangladesh and Pakistan, but no clear pattern emerged in Jordan. In Java, both current and cumulative fertility were higher in urban than in rural areas; urban women who had spent their childhood and were brought up in the urban environment showed, in most instances, higher fertility than the other residence groups.

This article examines the link between child abuse and security challenges in Nigeria. General strain theory and social bond theory were, adopted as the theoretical frame of the study. While the former explains how blocked opportunities among the lower class youths lead to delinquency, and consequently, to insecurity in the society, the latter explains how weakened bond to conventional social institutions reduces social control of young persons, and subsequently, leading to insecurity in the society. Thus, abuse of children will have a long term effect and elicit deprivation that can later be, expressed through delinquency or crime. The article principally relied on secondary data. The article concludes that child abuse has many social and psychological consequences and they are associated to security challenges in Nigeria. As differently indicated by the data cited in this article, most of the city hooligans, members of urban gangs, Boko Haram and other forms of criminal gangs are largely from lower classes and majority have in one way or the other experienced child abuse and neglect. To overcome the menace of child abuse in Nigeria and by implication the insecurity, the article recommended that the Government, NGOs, community members and families should provide means for child protection, poverty reduction, and creation of awareness, etc. Ahmad S. Abdullahi | Zaitun Sunusi Bakabe "Child Abuse and Security Challenges in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30349.pdf

Since it started in February 2022, the Russian-Ukrainian War has gained the interest of numerous news organizations. The reframing of visual elements of ten news items about the Russian-Ukrainian War is examined in this study. The Arabic versions are extracted from the Al Jazeera website, while the original articles were taken from The Atlantic and Foreign Affairs. Baker's narrative theory is used in this paper (Baker, 2018). Comparing the visual elements in the English articles to their Arabic equivalents allowed researchers to pinpoint how they are paratextually reframed in the translated versions. The findings showed that Al Jazeera occasionally produces various, varied, and incongruent interpretations of the narrative. This could lead to multiple and, occasionally, dissimilar perspectives on the same story. The findings showed that Al Jazeera utilized paratextual reframing strategies involving visual elements, such as images, videos, and typographical features, to reframe the Russian-Ukrainian War. The research suggests that while the original media outlets initially framed the war according to their agenda, Al Jazeera altered this frame in the translated text. As a result, the target audience's perception of the event under examination may change during the entire process.

The Russian-Ukrainian War, which began in February 2022, has recently become a trend and attracted the attention of different news agencies. This paper examines the paratextual components of ten news articles on the Russian-Ukrainian War. The source articles are extracted from The Atlantic and Foreign Affairs, while the Arabic translation is retrieved from Al Jazeera website. In this paper, the narrative theory is adopted (Baker, 2018) since it is a dynamic and flexible approach that emphasizes the role of translators and interpreters as active participants in constructing reality. The English articles with their Arabic counterparts were compared, and the parts that were paratextually reframed in the translated versions were identified. Investigating how Al Jazeera reframed the Russian-Ukrainian War through translation, Al Jazeera appears to sometimes create different, diverse, and contradictory versions of the narrative. This may result in various and, sometimes, different views of the same story. The findings showed that the paratextual framing strategies utilized by Al Jazeera to reframe the Russian-Ukrainian War include titles, subheadings, introductions, and footnotes. The paper concludes that the war is framed in the source texts in line with the source media outlets' agenda and is then reframed in the target language through translation. The entire process might affect how the target audience views the event under study.

This piece of research, which is part of a project concerned with the translatability of figurative language in AV content from English into Arabic and vice versa, investigates the translatability of visual puns in the animated movie Shark Tale from English into Arabic in both its subtitled and dubbed versions. The data of this study consist of the original English film scenes and their Arabic subtitles and dubs. Based on Aleksandrova's (2019) taxonomy, which treats pun translation as a cognitive game in the translator's mind, it was confirmed that puns can be translated by accepting the game of translation using two different strategies: (a) Quasi-translation: where the translator preserves one of the signs of the original pun and replaces the other with a suitable one from the target language. (b) Free Translation: where the translator replaces the two signs of the source pun with new signs from the target language. It was also confirmed that the game of translation can be rejected by using Literal Translation where the translator literally translates the pun into the target language. Another minor issue raised in this study is that visual puns and complex puns that are culturally very local are subject to be ignored by No Translation, which is the omission of the linguistic host of pun. The current study concludes by providing some implications and solutions for translators dealing with pun in animated films.

Among the animated series that became very popular and witnessed tremendous success in the Arab world is the Japanese Detective Conan, which was first dubbed in 1998 and redubbed in 2013 to convey Islamic values. However, the re-dub did not attract wide viewership and remained infamous among the Arabic anime community. This study is an attempt to investigate the differences between the two versions with a particular emphasis on technical issues and moral and value systems and explore how viewers received the Islamic re-dub. The researchers analyzed the responses of 178 viewers to a structured open-ended questionnaire. The participants demonstrated that in the first dubbed version, the image resolution, voice clarity, and synchronization were of better quality. The content analysis showed that in the re-dub, some scenes were omitted, names were replaced with Arabic ones, and references to prohibited activities were changed to fit better into the Islamic culture. The study stresses the importance of taking viewer preferences and difficulties into account when adapting media content. The current study can be used in future adaptation attempts in related environments.