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The author describes the problems of food supply for a rapidly growing population, reviews the effects of water and land shortage, and considers the impact of globalization on Egypt's attempt to industrialize. The structural difficulties besetting Egypt's economy - population explosion, a seriously negative balance of payments, massive debt, unemployment, brain drain and corruption - have already been eased by the rise of tourism which is so vulnerable to Islamist terrorism

The current study aims to shed light on the often-overlooked Islamic history and its lasting legacy, countering the dominant western discourse. It seeks to highlight the creativity, innovation, and technology that emerged from the rich classical Islamic heritage. The remarkable civilization forged by Muslim scholars and scientists across various fields of human knowledge was only made possible due to their profound belief and religious duty to promote creativity in human existence. Therefore, the current research aims to present, a philosophical study of innovation and creativity based on the Qur'ān and Sunnah supported by classical and modern Islamic literature. This study also deploys an analytical and descriptive approach to conduct an analysis of present literature on Islamic origin. Moreover, this article is a scholarly attempt to demystify the principles and values that regulate the philosophy of creativity and innovation in Islām. Additionally, it presents an Islamic view on Muslim's existing moral issues of innovation, creativity, and technology by drawing upon the teachings and principles of Qur'ān and Sunnah. To achieve, the proposed goals of this article, many Islāmic texts that urge innovation, creativity, and pay a special concern to the talented and skilled, were consulted. Hence, the research determined that Islamic heritage has a lot to contribute to the modern conceptualization of innovative and creative human life, which motivates Muslims' to compete with others in this regard. Consequently, there is no such thing in Islam that prevents a Muslim from excelling in technology, which brings benefits and repels harm, while following the principles and teachings of the Qur'ān and Sunnah.

The study determined the types, uses and influence of social media usage among senior secondary school students in Minna Educational Zone, Niger State, Nigeria. The study adopted survey design. The population of the study comprised of 13,645 SS students and a sample of 375 was selected through the multistage and simple sampling techniques. The instrument for data collection was "Types, purpose and influence of Social Media among Senior Secondary School Students in Minna Educational Zone of Niger State". The validation of the instrument was done through the face and content validity while the reliability was determined using the test re-test method which yielded 0.93 coefficient index. Simple percentage and Mean were used for data analysis. The finding indicated that Facebook, 2go, Whatsapp, Istagram, and You Tube were common social media sites used by the students. The study's finding also showed that students use the social media for the purpose of finding friends online, for leisure and socialization, for watching movies, for political matters, and for uploading photos and online profiles. The findings further revealed poor academic performance, indiscipline and immoral behaviour of the students as influences of social media usage. It was recommended that teachers and school managers should integrate usage of social media sites into the school programmes for enhancing students' social and academic behaviours. Students' orientation programme on social media usage was also suggested, among others.

Kidnapping is a serious crime and has potential for transforming into other felonious offenses, such as physical violence, financial victimisation, and murder. This paper did not focus only on the consequences of kidnapping but also examined its predisposing factors in Nigeria. Thus, the objectives of the study are: to examine the nexus between terrorism and kidnapping; to investigate the mutual reinforcement between corruption and kidnapping; to find out if kidnapping and poverty are correlated; and to examine the consequences of the problem. Using secondary qualitative data, the study found out that kidnapping has been taking place in Nigeria due to the activities of insurgent groups in the Niger Delta region, but it increased with the emergence of "Boko Haram" terrorism in the North-eastern Nigeria; corruption is not strongly related to kidnapping, but they have indirect connection whereby youth political thugs served corrupt political leaders and turned out to become kidnappers, sometimes for ransom from political opponents; poverty is correlated with kidnapping in Nigeria; and there are multiple consequences of kidnapping, such as financial victimization, rape and even death of the victims. The paper therefore suggested that for kidnapping to be eradicated in Nigeria, poverty and corruption must also be significantly reduced. The paper also suggested that terrorism and insurgency should be fought as they involved abductions of innocent people, females and children in particular; thus, for Nigeria to address the kidnapping phenomenon, strategic security action should be onslaught against terrorism and insurgency, etc.Key Words: Causes of Kidnapping, Kidnapping, Kidnapping in Nigeria, Abduction, Consequences of Kidnapping

This paper is aimed at analyzing the changing pattern of prostitution. However, the definition of the act of prostitution has been metamorphosing for centuries from acceptable to illegal and then (in some jurisdictions) to criminal again, agitations by advocates have also necessitated the nomenclatural alteration from "prostitution" to "commercial sex work". The paper examined how development in information and communication technology allows commercial sex workers to make connections with clients through internet and sell sex on this platform. Globalization processes has also changed the pattern of this business to a transnational activity. Although there are many willing transnational commercial sex workers, but organized criminal syndicates are using this development to traffic some women and children with the false promises of getting a lucrative from overseas but ultimately subject them to sex exploitation, child prostitution and sex labor. As is the plight of some Nigerian women in Italy and other European, Middle Eastern and Asian countries, many women from developing countries are recruited into this institution through human trafficking. As a result of commercial sex many women and girls suffer sexual violence, sex exploitation, sexual abuse and contract STDs. To curtail these problems, governments and transnational institutions are therefore urged to develop mechanisms that can tackle these problems by providing women with decent employment opportunities and increase surveillance across national borders.

This paper explores the question of human security in the North-East after more than a decade long conflict with the insurgents. The paper unraveled that communities and towns do not have to flee, even though successes were made mainly as most villages and homes. It also discovered that people are still suffering from the consequences of the conflict. If the inequities that gave rise to it are left unaddressed, there is the likelihood of a relapse into conflict. Therefore, it is recommended that the government improve its work to provide security for the people. The formation of independent indigenous civil society organizations is paramount to checkmate the activities of the government. The approach employed PLS-SEM and tested two hypotheses for clear prediction and assumption as met. The Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) can become important actors in reducing violence and facilitating the conditions necessary for building sustainable peace. However, such indigenous CSOs must shift focus and strengthen their abilities to mobilize expertise and resources from their domestic constituencies and reduce the excessive dependency on foreign donors. It must also reject any international support that resembles negative external imposition.

"This book explores the roles of civil society organisations (CSOs) when engaging in public diplomacy activities and their impact on community development and change. It provides up-to-date analysis of the challenges and constraints facing CSOs involved in diplomatic missions and working with foreign donors. Bringing together case studies from Cameroon, Egypt, Poland, Palestine, Lebanon and Libya, this edited collection reflects on how external calls for proposals in the fields of women's empowerment, community development, education, training, exchange programmes, democracy, human rights and peacebuilding influence the way civil society organisations contribute, deliver, intervene and position themselves in various societies. It explores the lessons learnt by various CSOs in identifying societal problems, understanding grassroots demands, prioritising development agendas and campaigning for peacebuilding. Grounded in a firm theoretical framework and based on up-to-date empirical research, the book reflects on the leadership shown by civil society organisations in development, politics and business and their impact on community development initiatives and local change process. This book will be an important resource for researchers, policy makers, donors, NGO practitioners, and the beneficiaries themselves, within the areas of international development, peacebuilding, civil society, politics, and international relations"--