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Gardens, parks, and public artworks around the city of Sulaymaniyah are among the city's most admired features. An important hallmark of these public spaces are the statues of famous historical personalities who are remembered for serving the city, particularly those who were martyred for the sake of the Kurdish nation and were important figures of the Kurdish revolution. Despite their significance to the history of Sulaymaniyah, these statutes and the public spaces in which they exist are being reshaped and removed, at worst destroyed, to make way for new developments in the city.

The main idea of upon article is the pragmatic vision to an understanding of the "historical problems" role led to solving some challenges, which took place in the early stages of Polish-German understanding. But is needed to mark, the history had one of the leading roles in this process. Of course, the negotiation on the signing of the German-Polish Border Treaty was hard. The legacy of the World War II influenced the process. The legacy was rooted in a few unsolved questions: the question of demands of expelled people to the Polish Government and the question of indemnity for Polish victims of Nazism. For the new democratic Polish Government, the question of indemnity was "highly ranked". For many years, Polish society tried to take financial compensation for the crime of Nazism. But, due to ideological reasons, it can't reach it. On the other hand, the economy of Poland was in deep degradation, which had caused by transformation to the new market economy. And the Polish Government planned to take some advantages in the process of the negotiation. Germans Chancellor H. Kohl had a strong linkage with the expelled environment. Due to this reason, the Head of the Western German Government had fear about the future of the Polish-German Border Treaty. He feared the worth – a voting failure for ratification of the Treaty. In this case, H. Kohl tried to avoid this question in the negotiation process. During the negotiation, German understand clearly, it needs to avoid treatment compensation for Polish people as reparations for Poland. The roots of this reason located in the Moscow Treaty by 1953. According to the Moscow Treaty, Polish People Republic has abandoned from reparations demands on behalf of the German Democratic Republic. Moreover, Polish People Republic proclaimed on behalf of the whole German, including the Federal Republic of German. H. Kohl understands the significance of this decision and tried to support avoiding historical questions from the negotiation process. But, the problems of indemnity for victims of Nazism were discovered with new power at the end of the 90th. During the international negotiation, Germany commonly with German business created Special Fund "Erinnerung, Verantwortung und Zukunft" for payment of compensation for a wide range of victims, including for Polish victims.

This obituary outlines the life and work of Kadri Yıldırım, a prominent Kurdish scholar and the first professor of Kurdish studies in Turkey. It focuses on his early life and medrese education and highlights his contribution to the field of Kurdish studies and his scholarly and political efforts for the Kurdish language to become a language of education in Turkey.
Abstract in Kurmanji
Bi bîranîna Qedrî Yildirim (1959-2021)
Ev bîrname xulaseyeke jiyan û xebatên Qedrî Yildirim e, ku zanyarê kurd ê mezin û profesorê ewil ê kurdnasiyê li Tirkiyê bû. Nivîsar bi taybetî li ser xortaniya wî û perwerdeya wî ya li medreseyan radiweste, digel xebatên wî yên kurdnasiyê û karên wî yên siyasî û zanistî ji bo ku zimanê kurdî bibe zimanekî perwerde li Tirkiyê.
Abstract in Sorani
Le yadî Qadrî Yelldirîm (1959-2021)
Em bîrnameye bas le jiyan û karekanî Qadrî Yelldirîm, zanayekî gewrey kurd û yekem profîsorî lêkollînewey kurdî le Turkya dekat. Em nûsîne giringî dedat be seretay jiyanî û xwêndinî le medrese û tîşk dexate ser destkewtekanî le bwarî lêkollînewey kurdî û, herweha hewlle syasyekanî bo be fermîkirdnî zmanî kurdî lenawenî perwerde û fêrbûn le Turkya da.
Abstract in Zazaki
Seba yadkerdişê Qedrî Yildirimî (1959-2021)
No nuşteyê yadkerdişî xulasaya cu û keda Qedrî Yildirimî ya ke zanyaro kurdo namdar û Tirkîya de profesorê kurdolojî yo verên bî. Nuşteyî de bale dîyena cuya ey a rewe û perwerdeyê ey ê medresan ser. Ser o kî giranîye dîyena beşdarîya kurdolojî û lebatanê ey ê zanistî û sîyasîyan ser seba ke kurdkî Tirkîya de bibo ziwanê perwerdeyî.

AbstractWhy do we have records of the past and not the future? Entropic explanations for this 'record asymmetry' have been popular ever since Boltzmann. Foremost amongst these is Albert and Loewer's account, which explains the record asymmetry using a low-entropy initial macrostate (the 'Past Hypothesis') plus an initial probability distribution. However, the details of how this initial state underpins the record asymmetry are not fully specified. In this paper I attempt to plug this explanatory gap in two steps. First, I suggest the record asymmetry is more immediately explained by the 'fork asymmetry', which their picture omits. Second, by relating the fork asymmetry to an initial state that's metaphysically similar to theirs, I clarify how this ultimately underpins the record asymmetry.