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This study analyzes the dynamics of religion-based radicalism in Indonesia. It also describes how government carries out mental development for the community to prevent radicalism. The purpose of this study is to determine the roots of religious-based radicalism that occurs in Indonesia. Also to determine the government's strategy in dealing with the problem of radicalism, especially in the field of mental development. This study is expected to provide a solution for this complex situation. Moreover, religious-based radicalism often leads to acts of terrorism. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature review approach. Literature sources used, both those obtained from within the online and printed ones. Data analysis techniques are carried out based on three stages, namely, reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the dynamics of radicalism in Indonesia are related to the global terrorist movement. The government has carried out prevention and counter strategy against terrorism. Some are in the form of community mental development programs. The others are in the form of repressive measures. Prevention and eradication of religious-based radicalism requires the active role of all community exponents. This study is expected to enrich scientific research in the field of mental development, dealing with the harm religious-based radicalism in society.

AbstrakKajian ini hendak menempatkan kamper sebagai karya budaya yang memenuhi syarat sebagai benda cagar budaya sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 tahun 2010 tentang Cagar Budaya. Kamper merupakan produk budaya dari Barus yang menjadi komoditas dunia pada masanya. Kehadirannya sebagai benda yang bernilai penting dibuktikan dengan terciptanya tatanan perdagangannya sendiri dan konsumennya yang spesifik. Meskipun jangkauan pengetahuan dunia tentang kamper melampaui wilayah Sumatera maupun wilayah lain di Indonesia, hingga saat ini, kamper belum mendapatkan pengakuan sebagai benda cagar budaya Indonesia. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan masukan kepada para pemangku kebijakan pada Pemerintah RI agar dapat mempertimbangkan dan mendorong kamper menjadi salah satu benda cagar budaya di Indonesia, bahkan jika mungkin di dunia. Metode penulisan artikel ini berbentuk eksplanatif dengan merujuk sumber historis yang terpercaya. Hasil kajiannya menunjukkan bahwa terdapat urgensitas peranan kamper dalam dinamika perdagangan rempah dengan dunia luar di masa lalu, yang terlihat pada dampaknya yang luas, tidak hanya menyentuh aspek ekonomi saat itu, tetapi juga merambah ke kehidupan sosial, kesehatan, dinamika hubungan kenegaraan, pelayaran, perdagangan, dan sebagainya. Adapun imbas untuk masyarakat Nusantara adalah adanya dugaan bahwa perdagangan kamper juga intensif mendorong munculnya berbagai materi rempah lainnya, lalu secara bersama-sama memperkaya jaringan perdagangan antar negeri di Nusantara saat itu.

[Title: The Nica War Equipment in Facing Patriots in Physical Revolution in Bali In 1945 – 1950] Giving up without the conditions of Lieutenant General H. Ter Poorten (Commander of the Dutch East Indies) on behalf of the United States Army in Indonesia to Liuetenant General Hiroshi Imamura (Japanese Army Leader). Since the Dutch East Indies government ended in Indonesia. At that time Dutch soldiers who were Japanese prisoners of war because they did not have time to flee to Australia were sent to the interior of Siam and Birma to clear forests and make bridges and railways. On August 15th 1945, Japan finally surrendered to allies. This defeat of Japan caused the captives of the Dutch to quickly hold preparatory exercises back to Indonesia. The arrival of the Dutch in Bali received resistance from the fighters under the leadership of Lieutenant Colonel I Gusti Ngurah Rai. Although the weapons possessed by fighters in Bali is limited but the struggle is long enough to survive. NICA in the face of fighters in Bali during the physical revolution has used modern war equipment such as: pipercub airplanes, lucked airplanes, motorbikes, jeeps, telephones, bren, mitraliur, stengun, mortar, lichthalon and others but not easy can beat him. This is because the fighters with the people in Bali are united.

Indonesia's democracy system was built on the basis and the strength of Pancasila, which did not favor the excessive desires of individual negotiations (liberalism) neither absolute state domination, non-liberalism, namely direct and indirect democracy that was once practiced. Those forms have their own weaknesses, but this paper will only highlight the positive side of the open democratic system, sincerely the democratic system of this nation is Pancasila democracy which refers to those two major forces of democracy. The implementation of Pancasila's democracy in the Legislative Election can be shown in Law Number 7 of 2017 on the General Elections 2019 in Indonesia. The history of the implementation of elections in Indonesia revealed a variety of dynamics indicated by several changes in the constitutional law which were used as the basis for the implementation of elections. The publication of the Election Law is the elaboration of the provisions of Article 22E of the 1945 Indonesian Constitution. This means that the principles of democracy contained within 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, must become the main foundations in designing norms in Law Number 7 of 2017 on the General Elections 2019, as happened, it turns out that the parliamentary threshold regulation within the Constitutional Law are ineffective in implementing this democracy.

President has an authority to establish policies in order to run the government, one of which is through Keputusan Presiden Republik Indonesia (Indonesian Presidential Decree). As written documents, the Decrees have language development which can be seen from the writing patterns. Therefore, this study aims to examine the writing patterns of Decrees from time to time to support forensic linguistic study, such as document forgery analysis. We took sixteen Presidential Decrees from 1945 to 2018 as the data then analyzed them by using qualitative method. The data were obtained from the National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia and the official website of the Cabinet Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia (www.sipuu.setkab.go.id). This study indicates that language development in Indonesian Presidential Decrees is found in the structure of the Decrees, diction, and sentence structure. On the Decree structure, 1945 and 1946 Decrees contain one long sentence to explain the intent, whereas in the 1947—2018 Decrees, intents are elaborated in several clauses. Additionally, there are various types of diction used in the consideration sections. On the syntax, various types of sentences can be found in the Decrees. 1940s Decrees contain simple sentences and complex sentences while 1950s—2010s Decrees contain simple sentences, complex sentences, compound sentences, and mixed sentences.

In Indonesia, consumers can choose to consume either high or low quality gasoline based on their preferences. Changing preference to a higher quality that is affected by the declining relative price can lead to an Alchian-Allen (A-A) phenomenon. This study aims to determine whether the A-A Phenomenon occurs on the behavior of consumers before and after the existence of Pertalite. The regression model used is the panel data regressions and the regression result proves that there is an A-A phenomenon in market share in Indonesia before and after Pertalite. This indicates that the high difference of relative prices between high and low quality gasolines has a negative impact towards their relative consumption. Prior to Pertalite, consumers continued changing preference into high quality gasoline in the 2nd and 3rd month intervals when relative price difference decreased. After the existing of Pertalite, consumers did not quickly transfer their preferences from Premium to Pertalite when the relative price declined, so that the A-A phenomenon did not occur in this low and middle grade gasoline consumption pattern. However, Pertamax's consumption to Pertalite increases when the relative price between them declines; thus raising the A-A phenomenon. This implies that the government of Indonesia could use their authority to make arrangements on price differences between gasoline qualities

Innovation, creativity and productivity in rural areas are generally limits by human resources, funding and technology. High poverty in rural areas in Indonesia reach 13.47% (bps.co.id). This condition caused difficulties to the community's development, especially an improvement of their economy and welfare.One of the efforts that can be done to overcome these problems is through the development of Smart Village. Smart Village is an ecosystem consisted of various elements to improve the community's quality of life and the village environment involving various stakeholders such as the government, private companies, academics and the village community's elements.This research aims to review the concept of Smart Village development and practices in Indonesia by using one case study from the development concept to the implementation. In details, the study seeks to:i. review the theory and concept of Smart Village development,ii. identify components or elements of Smart Village,iii. review the Smart Village development practices, andiv. formulate the strategic recommendation of Smart Village development.A case study data was obtained from Lingsar Village, West Lombok Regency, Indonesia. The analysis will be done with descriptive analysis approach.Finally, the paper covers a case study of small village and information to support the practice of smart village implementation. The initiative will be useful as a reference for rural development science.

The validity of jurisprudence as one of the recognized legal sources in Indonesia has drawn broad attention and has emerged as an area for attention to conduct research. Indonesia heavily influenced by the civil law system basically does not commit to jurisprudence. However, if there are considerably contrary decisions with prior decisions, it becomes a debate about how the validity of existing jurisprudence. The Constitutional Court as one of the actors of judicial power has the authority to conduct judicial review of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. In line with such authority, the Constitutional Court is sometimes conflicted with a previous decision which has presented a landmark yet it is not followed. In other words, there is contrary between the previous and the present decisions. To investigate the matter, the present study focuses on how the jurisprudence applies to judicial review in the Constitutional Court decisions. The analytical method adopted literature study through a case study approach. The conclusion obtained in this line of research is that jurisprudence refers to source of legislation that can be a reference in deciding a case for judicial review yet it does not bind judges to deviate it based on logical reasons in accordance with the principles of the judicial independence and accountability and the living constitution.

The purposes of this study are 1) analyzing the current state defence in face of the threath of information warfare in the digital era, and 2) analyzing the current strengths, weakness, opportunities, and threats of the national defence system in the face of information warfare in the digital era. This research was conducted at the Office of the Commission 1 of the Republic of Indonesia, the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Indonesia (Kemhan RI) specifically the Directorate General of Defence Strategy (Directorate General of Strahan), Directorate General of Defence Potential, data and information centre as well as cyber defencecentres and at the Central Information and Communication Republic of Indonesia Ministry of Defence. In addition, the location of the study was also determined at the TNI information centre (Puspen TNI) and the Military Cyber Unit Office (Satsiber), the TNI Staff Commander\'s Office and the Indonesian Army Territorial Centre which had been tasked with preparing the region or region as the basis of the universal defence. This research is conducted in November 2018 until March 2019.This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. The result of this study are that the issue of national defence is not the duty and responsibility of the government and its devices but is the duty and responsibility of all components of the nation.

A state has a government as the supreme authority that has a complete and exclusive jurisdiction over its territory. It is very important to Indonesia, with its vast territory, to preserve and uphold the state's sovereignty, particularly over its airspace. Especially in this global era, when the rapid development of technologies resulting in the end of geography era, and the world seems to be borderless. The issue discussed in this paper is Indonesia's air sovereignty issues in the global era. The things to be concerned by the Government of Indonesia on the management and protection of the state's sovereignty over the airspace in the global era are: (1) the take over of the Flight Information Region above Riau and Natuna from Singapore FIR; (2) the prevention and suppression of airspace violation incidents; and (3) the impact of Indonesia's ratification on the ASEAN Open Skies Policy to the protection of the sovereignty over Indonesia's airspace. A state's airspace is very strategic because it is the first fortress of a state, in which all foreign forces can fly in first. Therefore as a state with vast territory, the Government of Indonesia must work hard to be able to preserve and uphold the sovereignty over its territory, especially in defending the state's sovereignty over its airspace in the global era.

The number of women in Indonesia who are aware of the importance of maintaining medical health is increasing along with the improvement of medical health services and facilities provided by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia. However, the number of women in various parts of Indonesia who still trust traditional health services and facilities is also not small. One of them is Madura Woman who believes in the tradition of drinking herbal medicine. The tradition is as a means of maintaining health and treating illness that is trusted between generations. Various studies show that the decision to maintain the tradition of drinking herbal medicine is based on trust and economic price. The rational choice of women towards health and treatment is often synonymous with easy, cheap and fast. However, in this article the discussion of the rational choice of Madurese women maintains the tradition of drinking herbal medicine by using cost, reward and alternative comparison. The results of the analysis of the decision of Madurese women who still maintain the tradition of drinking herbal medicine is a form of rational choice in maintaining health and treating illness. The study method uses qualitative by means of observation and interviews with selected informants namely two women in Bangkalan District and two women in Sumenep Regency.

Increasing local budgets every year should be offset by increasing economic growth, but in fact economic growth has decreased from 2012 to 2015. This study aims to determine the effect of priority, the accuracy of allocation, timeliness, transparency and accountability to the effectiveness of regional expenditure and its impact on economic growth. The sample of this research is all districts and cities in Indonesia. Sources of data used are secondary data from budget reports and realized APBD obtained from the Directorate General of Fiscal Balance Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia, performance evaluation report of local government implementation (EKPPD) obtained from the Directorate General of Regional Autonomy of the Ministry of Home Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia and data of gross regional domestic product (GRDP) obtained from Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics. The data used are from 2012 to 2015. Data analysis technique used is Partial Least Square (PLS). The result of the research shows that the priority has influence to the effectiveness of regional expenditure, the accuracy of allocation has no effect on the effectiveness of regional expenditure, the timeliness effect on the effectiveness of regional expenditure, transparency and accountability affect the effectiveness of regional expenditure and effectiveness affect the economic growth.

Di tengah pergolakan politik yang terjadi di Indonesia antara oposisi dan pemerintah yang berkuasa (di bawah Presiden Joko Widodo), beberapa organisasi Islam membentuk gerakan protes dalam aksi damai (yang mahsyur dikenal debagai Aksi Bela Islam) serta melalui tulisan yang dapat dikategorikan sebagai bentuk gerakan Islam dengan metode da'wah bil qalam (dakwah melalui tulisan). Artikel ini mengeksplorasi ide bagaimana menulis disebut sebagai 'perlawanan Islami' bagi Muslim di Indonesia dan hubungannya dengan konsep fillah, jihad dan amar ma'ruf nahi munkar. Dengan menggunakan penelitian kepustakaan, artikel ini mengungkap hubungan antara penulisan (da'wah bil qalam) dengan Islam politik dan "perlawanan Islami" sebagai semangat kebangkitan Islam dalam dua periode penting di Indonesia, yaitu Orde Baru dan reformasi (pasca-Soeharto atau era kontemporer). Masing-masing periode membentuk cara da'wah bil qalam yang berbeda. Di Orde Baru, karena penindasan oleh pemerintah, beberapa aktivis Islam mulai menggunakan tulisan sebagai media untuk melakukan dakwah ketimbang berkhotbah melalui mimbar-mimbar. Para penulis Muslim harus "membungkus" kritik terhadap pemerintah dengan "cara yang indah". Setelah reformasi, da'wah bil qalam menjadi lebih terbuka. Da'wah jenis ini pun telah berkembang melalui internet, khususnya di media sosial. Namun demikian, intinya masih sama: da'wah bil qalam dapat dianggap sebagai bentuk perlawanan terhadap kehadiran negara yang dianggap tidak memihak pada golongan tertentu umat Islam.

The establishment of PSI was a continuation of the movement of youth groups during the period of the National Movement which the members came from intellectual elites named PNI Baru. This organization had an important role in the form of Parliamentary Democracy system in Indonesia. During the independence period, PNI Baru became a political party called Partai Rakyat Sosialis (Paras), Paras then affiliated with Partai Sosialis Indonesia (Parsi) to become the Partai Sosialis in the late of 1945. Partai Sosialis appeared convincing as the dominating party in the course of Indonesian politics in early independence, placing Sjahrir and Amir as cabinet leaders for five consecutive periods. After the name of Partai Sosialis changed into PSI on February 12, 1948, the party was unable to be considered as a potential political party anymore. PSI had no chance to contribute to the political dynamics of Indonesia at that time. It was only after the recognition of Indonesian sovereignty that the PSI was able to carry out effective party work, including their involvement in cabinet in the 1950s. The PSI members were responsible of serving the government as ministers in the structure of the Natsir Cabinet of 1950, the Wilopo Cabinet of 1952 and Burhanuddin Harahap Cabinet of 1955, the other figures who had special affiliation and sympathy with PSI also became party representatives to serve the government during that period.

The globalization phenomenon marked by the flow of people movements, the advancement of informational technology, and the shrinking price of transportation has brought people around the world into one global community. Comprised by people from diverse linguistic backgrounds, this community sees the need to use a common language to bridge the communication gap. With a long-established economic and political power, English comes to the forefront as a global lingua franca. With its growing and pervasive influence, the need to learn English has never become more apparent. This need is often translated by government into language-in-education policy. This paper, to start with, will observe how language policy and globalization build a causal relationship. In the section that follows, language-in-education policy in Indonesian context will be presented. The following part will move on to discuss the use of EMI in Sekolah Berstandar Internasional (SBI)-International Standard School in Indonesia. In the end, a reflection and conclusion of EMI in Indonesia context will be discussed. In doing so, this paper employs literature study approach to explore the EMI practice in Indonesian schools. All relevant information was collected from several sources such as books and journal articles. The information was then utilised to build on discussions on existing theoretical framings, language policy and globalization, and on language-in-education policy and practice in Indonesia.