Search results

In the public administration discipline, there have been various important studies on leadership. However, scholarly inquiry still lags behind related disciplines such as psychology and business administration. This study contributes by developing and validating scales measuring public leadership behavior. Based on theory and empirical analyses, five key public leader behaviors are identified and measured: (1) accountability leadership (6 items), (2) lawfulness leadership (4 items), (3) ethical leadership (7 items), (4) political loyal leadership (5 items) and (5) network governance leadership (7 items). The factor structure was tested using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Public leadership behaviors were related as expected to transformational leadership and leadership effectiveness. Furthermore, public leadership behaviors were related as expected to outcomes such as organizational commitment (positive), work engagement (positive) and turnover intentions (negative). In sum, the results suggest that the public leadership questionnaire is a valid measurement instrument that can be used by scholars to analyze public leadership questions. In the concluding section, we develop a future research agenda and discuss the potential uses of the public leadership questionnaire for scholars and practitioners.

The productivity in the Nigeria's mining sector presents significance challenges, especially in view of its prospect in diversifying the national economy. The need to uncover the efficiency by way of estimating two major production functions (i.e. capital and labor) cannot be minimized. However, this paper uses econometric technique to estimates the Cobb-Douglas production function of mining sector between 1980 and 2011 periods in Nigeria. To avoid a spurious series, unit root test was conducted based on Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) to test for the stationarity or otherwise of the variables in the model. The outcome reveals that the substitution parameters α and β (substitution parameters for capital and labor) confirms the a priori expectation that the pair of α and β are positive values. Despite labor is the most significant factor of production, the study also found that other inputs such as innovations and technology are positively significant in this period of modern mining production processes in view of the global economic outlook. The study amongst others recommends strong political will of government, transparency and accountability to drive efficient and effective mining sector reform, increased capital investment in innovations, technology, and raw materials.

In this research, we describe and analyse the Physician Services Committee (PSC) in Ontario, focusing on its role in determining what physician services are publicly funded and what services are de-listed (i.e. no longer eligible for public funding). We explain how the PSC's role in determining the boundaries of Medicare is in tension with its role as a medium for labour relations between the government and the medical profession. We suggest that while the values of privacy, secrecy and a lack of transparency may enhance the PSC's fulfillment of its labour relations mandate, they impede the Committee's successful fulfillment of its health policy mandate. The remainder of this paper is dedicated to a detailed investigation of the PSC's process of determining candidate services for de-listing, and the principles upon which it bases its decisions. Particular attention is paid to the principles of open participation, transparency, accountability, and the degree to which these principles are incorporated into the PSC's decision-making.This paper was co-authored with Colleen Flood, University of Toronto (colleen.flood@utoronto.ca).

UK NHS contracts mediate the relationship between dental and medical practitioners as independent contractors, and the state which reimburses them for their services to patients. There have been successive revisions of dental and medical contracts since the 1990s alongside a change in the levels of professional dominance and accountability. Unintended consequences of the 2006 dental contract have led to plans for further reform. We set out to identify the factors which facilitate and hinder the use of contracts in this area. Previous reviews of theory have been narrative, and based on macro-theory arising from various disciplines such as economics, sociology and political science. This paper presents a systematic review and aggregative synthesis of the theories of contracting for publicly funded health care. A logic map conveys internal pathways linking competition for contracts to opportunism. We identify that whilst practitioners' responses to contract rules is a result of micro-level bargaining clarifying patients' and providers' interests, responses are also influenced by relationships with commissioners and wider personal, professional and political networks.

Education systems across much of Europe (and indeed the world) are going through a period of challenge around growing and globalised market pressures to improve academic performance. Governments have shifted towards a market-based understanding of education which sees competition and freedom within tightly regulated accountability measures as solutions to problems within the education system (Levin, 1998; Whitty, 2005). Indeed, Europe is described as operating transnational policy-making (Moutsios, 2007). Freire (1985) has argued that education is political and that educators are political actors. This paper considers the perspectives of English primary school head teachers in relation to educational austerity and explores the degree to which they can operate critical consciousness, which Friere viewed as essential for emancipation and transformation. The paper argues that rather than being subject to the deregulation of education with greater autonomy devolved to schools, English primary head teachers are experiencing what Helgøy et al (2007) describe as the re-regulation of education and a reduction of autonomy which these head teachers find increasingly difficult to align with their educational values.

This article was published in the journal, Urban Studies [SAGE © Urban Studies Journal Limited] and the definitive version is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098013500699 ; The expansion of globalising cities into global city-regions poses fundamental questions about how best to govern the new metropolis. Partly because of the relentless pace of change, these newly emerging metropolitan spaces are often reliant on inadequate urban-economic infrastructure and fragmented urban-regional planning and governance arrangements. Moreover, as the demand for more 'appropriate', widely understood to mean more flexible, networked and smart, forms of planning and governance increases, new expressions of territorial cooperation and conflict are emerging around issues of increased competitiveness, infrastructure development, the collective provision of services, and further governmentalised remapping(s) of state space. We identify four central tenets of the metropolitan region/governance debate and discuss their relevance for future research on city-regions: (1) periodisation and trajectories, (2) democracy and accountability, (3) form and function, and (4) fragility and mobilisation. These, we argue, pose key challenges for rethinking city-region governance within the emerging new metropolitan paradigm.

In today's era of information technology information is needed in every walk of life, whether it is democracy, governance, consultation or participation. Every thing is dependent on the availability of authentic and reliable information. Government at the State and local level, is producing increasingly large volumes of information in electronic formats. The word "e" in e-Governance implies electronic information only. E-Governance, being a fast emerging area in India, refers to the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to improve the efficiency, effectiveness, transparency and accountability of government. With the emergence of ICTs, it is possible to locate service centres closer to the citizens,but it requires global vision and local implementation. Moreover it needs e-readiness of all the concerned citizens.This paper deals with the concept of understanding of e-Governance, its fuctions, advantages,objectives,services,and hurdles in its implementation. It also focuses on information made available online through Internet (publications) and Intranets (organizational records) and the role of libraries and archives in collecting, managing and preserving it for long-term access.

Contingency fee agreements between local tax assessors and contract auditors on the one hand, and property owners and private tax consultants on the other, create perverse financial incentives that undermine the integrity of state and local tax administration. When local governments engage outside auditors to identify undervalued or escaped taxable property, the practice raises serious due process and ethical concerns. As a matter of policy, diverting a share of property tax revenue to private third parties in consideration for outsourced tax assessment services undermines public accountability and reduces net property tax revenue for local government services. And when states allow private tax consultants to use contingency fee agreements to solicit clients seeking to reduce their share of local property taxes, they unwittingly divert substantial tax revenue to private entrepreneurs. The associated private transaction cost of seeking uniformity in local tax assessment unduly burdens the entire property tax system. Because contingency fee agreements with nonattorneys are generally unregulated by state law, honest taxpayers effectively subsidize not only property tax dodgers, but also contract auditors and private tax consultants.

While government spending on pro-poor community asset creation and income-transfers could have compounding positive effects on poverty reduction, it is important to first study trends in the allocation of funds, particularly as they relate to the susceptibility of the program to political clientelism. This paper uses expenditure data at the local level in Andhra Pradesh from India's National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme, a rights-based program distributing both public and private goods, to investigate the relationship between voting outcomes and program intensity in the seven years straddling a major election. By focusing on one state where accountability and transparency mechanisms have been employed and implementation efforts have been applauded, the authors do not find evidence of blatant vote buying before the 2009 election but do find that patronage played a small part in fund distribution after the 2009 election. Indeed most variation in expenditures is explained by the observed needs of potential beneficiaries, as the scheme intended. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; C.2 Institutions and Infrastructure for market development; F.2 Political Economy of Development Policy and Investment Processes ; MTID

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the authority on financial management of East Kalimantan, analyze the financial management, and identify the regional authority perspective of east Kalimantan as stated in the Regulation of Minister of Home Affairs No. 13 in 2006 as the embodiment of good governance. The data used in this study was in the form of qualitative data which was obtained from the government of East Kalimantan and processed by applying qualitative descriptive analysis method and investigated using explorative approach. The results showed that the process of regional budget preparation of East Kalimantan has fully reflected the aspirations of the local community, the implementation of financial management has been organized effectively and efficiently in accordance with the idea of the Supreme Audit Institution (BPK)presented in the financial statements of East Kalimantan in 2012 which obtained the qualification criteria that meet the expectations. In addition, the province inspectorate board has executed their duty to control the financial management satisfactorily where the testing accountability was completely supported by sufficient evidence and the results of the annual review of financial statements performed by Local Government Agencies (SKPD)

La importancia del Concepto de la consolidación democrática en América Latina, es un punto pendiente en los países en vías de desarrollo de la región y los países presuntamente consolidados democráticamente. Se revisará el concepto de democracia acorde con dos variantes: una democracia real e ideal; donde se valorarán los elementos empíricos que inciden en el fortalecimiento de la democracia en el proceso de consolidación y legitimidad en el espacio del Estado para la solución de problemas en lo social, político y económico. El objetivo de este trabajo es abordar la teoría de la consolidación democrática y la relevancia que tiene para el fortalecimiento de los países democráticos. Para poder entender la teórica de la consolidación democrática, se plantea la revisión de la democracia real y la importancia del concepto de la calidad de la democracia. A través del concepto de la consolidación y calidad de la democracia se establecerán tres indicadores democráticos necesarios hoy en día para la legitimidad del Estado: rendición de cuentas (accountability), reciprocidad (responsiveness) y Estado de Derecho (rule of law).

Thinkingfeeling my ways into and toward future intra-activist material and performance research possibilities, I argue for embracing the mobilized gaze of the flaneur to explore and create powerful blends of interpretive auto-ethnographic/-biographic/-ethnomethodology writing approaches: Mygazes: They are broad, multifaceted, and partial. They are recursive and "unselfed" (Iris Murdoch; 1919-1999). Simone Weil's (1909-1943) onto-political concepts of (world) "attention" and "decreation" as a willed dissolution of the subjective ego are good to thinkfeel with. Accordingly, such approaches are about a scienced-up me producing myself through using knowledges without fear and my will born from it: My personal accountability and authenticity is pivotal: Mymethods: They are about the wrong pedagogy, and thus, always integrating failure as an important part of any activity. They are about word making for reimagining democratic societies; a new era of personal and social responsibility and learning democracy: Mylanguages: It is a member's methods; My Own (Stirner, 2012) methods and from here; I am my own to thinkfeel with and me showing me Myforces and Mychanges.

Protected areas occupy about 27% of Tanzania's land of 945,000 sq km and contribute 17.5% of its GDP. But who benefits from and pays for the cost of conservation? This study provides insights into these issues based on a survey conducted in the Serengeti ecosystem, involving 20 villages in Serengeti and Loliondo. The results show that villagers received insignificant benefits from conservation compared with the costs they are incurring. Governance of income at the village level was also a major challenge. There was a lack of capacity to handle large amounts of money and little or no planning, transparency, and accountability. It is recommended that income allocation to the communities is increased and external audits of village funds are conducted. Communities should furthermore be allowed to extract resources sustainably in protected areas. Youth should be encouraged to attend higher education and wildlife technical colleges to learn about the values of wildlife. Finally, the governance structures must be improved to make them gender equitable, participatory, transparent, and fully accountable to the communities and all citizens.

Interest in the use of new technologies as an instrument for the modernisation of public management is something common in public administrations. Local governments have recently invested considerable human and material resources to try to deliver services in a more efficient way. Although the progress made in the implementation of information and communication technology (ICT) has been significant, an analysis of all local government shows that its impact on the reform policies has been unequal, and that the real objectives of these processes of modernisation have not always been the same. Most governments have chosen a strategy that reproduces the way that the traditional administration works; whereas only a few have tried to make use of the potential that ICT offers to provide more transparency, new online services and to make administrations more receptive to citizens' needs. The first section of this article gives global data about the development of ICT in Spanish municipalities. Next, the websites of Spanish cities are analysed to identify the factors that enhance e-government and its implementation in the benefit of transparency, interaction with citizens and accountability

View the Executive SummarySeismic cultural and political shifts are under way in the Arab Gulf monarchies. The political upheavals and transitions that have swept through the Arab world over the last 2 years have not toppled the Arab Gulf rulers, but did not leave them untouched, either. Rulers of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states face heightened internal and external challenges and uncertainties. Pro-democracy protests and calls are extending from Bahrain to other oil-rich countries of the Arabian Peninsula. The expectations of GCC citizens, particularly the educated youth, are increasingly moving from socio-economic demands to political ones. They are now not only asking for jobs or wage increases, but also for more political participation and accountability. Chief among internal challenges is the resurgence in several GCC countries, particularly Bahrain and Saudi Arabia, of a decades-long sectarian rift between the Sunni regimes and their Shia subjects. The Gulf regimes' already tense relations with Iran have worsened on the basis of alleged Iranian interference inflaming sectarian tensions in Bahrain and across the broader region. ; https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1523/thumbnail.jpg