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This paper examines how municipal governments have organized to respond to the climate crisis, particularly how the creation and circulation of official climate plans has given rise to a shared narrative of urban resilience. By building on what McCann calls 'definitional power', this paper argues that this shared narrative is being exploited to open up profitable new market opportunities that allow municipalities to pursue continued economic growth while presenting local responses as necessary and desirable interventions in the face of climate disruptions. The first half of the paper situates the rise of resilience planning within patterns of urban entrepreneurialism similar to the earlier push on the part of municipalities to obtain 'creative city' or 'smart city' status. Drawing on the insights of key informants in New York City and Copenhagen, the second half of the paper examines how, by conflating resilience with green growth and the act of bouncing back, this narrative successfully narrows down complex socio-ecological analyses into a more manageable—thus easier to manipulate—idea of resilience, one that largely excludes and discounts local community needs and values. It concludes by arguing that issues of power, equity, and accountability cannot be divorced from any conversation about resilience, and should in fact be treated as integral to the process of achieving meaningful resilience outcomes.

The aim of this research is to create an understanding regarding the relationship between Grand Mosques in urban structure of the Islamic Communities. For this study, Faysal Mosque, Grand Mosque of the Federal Capital of Pakistan, Islamabad, has been selected as a primary site of inquiry for investigating function and purpose of a mosque in an Islamic community. Using a conceptual framework developed using Michel Foucault's framework for Enunciative Modalities and design analysis of key examples of major grand mosques in the Islamic history, the paper highlights that a grand mosque holds a vital position in the historic Islamic cities. Its placement at an anchoring point generally connects it with the urban fabric of the city. Historically, the vital positioning in the mosque is also associated with the diverse function that generally work as a school, a treasury, a lecture hall, a guest room, and place of worship. However, with the evolution of the Muslim societies the mosque's function was confined to a religious place and a school as the rest of the function were shifted into more specialized buildings. Through the assessment of architectural, political, and sociological impacts, however, it has been concluded that whether modern or traditional, the Islamic city was never conceptualized without the grand mosque.
Keywords: Mosque Architecture, Faysal Mosque, Modernity, Symbolism

AbstractWe explore the nature of expert minds in skilled performance by examining classic Japanese dramatist Zeami's account of skilled expertise in Noh drama. Zeami characterizes expert minds by the co-existence ofmushinandriken no ken.Mushin("no-mind") is an empty state of mind devoid of mental contents.Riken no ken("seeing with a separate seeing") is a distinctive form of self-awareness, where the actor embodies a common perspective with the audience upon one's own performance. Conventional accounts ofriken no kenpresent it as a form of imagination: expert actors deliver their performance by imagining what it looks like from an external point of view. These imagination-based accounts, however, do not square well with the claim thatriken no kenco-exists withmushin. We propose an alternative perception-based account that better accounts for this co-existence, drawing on the concept of "situated normativity" from embodied-ecological theories of cognition. The situated normativity account characterizesriken no kenas a form of "direct affective perception" in which actors are aware of their performance's quality of attunement with the performative situation. Expert Noh actors realise a common perspective with the audience not by imagining an external point of view, but by perceiving the situation that encompasses their own performance from an aesthetic perspective cultivated and shared within the Noh community.

Leroyer's documentary, #387 disparu en Méditerranée (2019), tracks the attempt to reconstruct the identity of migrants lost off the coast of Libya whereas Allouache's metatextual Normal! (2011) captures elliptically the effects of the Arab Spring in Alger. Through the lens of both films, the relevance of adopting a transregional approach in order to analyze communities in motion becomes apparent: Leroyer's documentary shifts both in its geographical coordinates around the Mediterranean and in its inclusion of individuals working together across different languages whereas Allouache's film explores the "connected differences" (Audre Lorde) of individuals associated with Algeria, sub-Saharan Africa and France and caught in the thrall of the Arab spring. Allouache's and Leroyer's films, screened at Montpellier's annual Cinémed, clearly do contribute to the transregional network of Mediterranean cinema. The juxtaposition of the two films, which track migration at different points along the spectrum, brings to light the potential for community solidarity and resistance beyond a national scale without glossing over the shadow sides of transregionalism. Drawing on recent geo-political assessments of transregionalism (for instance, James W. Scott and Hans-Joachim Bürkner), this article investigates how the potential and the limits of transregional solidarity are imagined in Leroyer's documentary, #387 disparu en Méditerranée, and Allouache's docudrama, Normal!.

The responsible gambling approach is the subject of significant debate in the scientific community due to its tendency to individualize responsibility, focusing heavily on the gambler's responsibility for gambling-related harm. Despite the gambler, and their responsibility, being the focus of responsible gambling discourse, their voices and perspectives remain largely absent. This study aims to address this limitation by documenting the social representations of the concept of responsibility held by gamblers themselves. How does the gambler perceive the concept of responsibility? Do they have an individual-centred understanding of this concept or are they able to distinguish their individual responsibility from that of the other stakeholders? This qualitative research is based on semi-structured interviews with 30 young adults (aged between 18 and 30 years old) who participated in gambling activities in the year preceding the research interview (2018). The results reveal that the social representations of responsibility held by gamblers fit into five categories: self control, knowing the rules and making the right decision, enjoying the game, not becoming an addict, and preventing harms related to gambling. All of these categories were found to be rooted in an individual perspective of responsibility. These results are discussed in light of the process of constructing the social representations of responsibility within the responsible gambling approach and in a neoliberal context.

AbstractRecent decades have witnessed increased public concern about vehicle emissions and growing frustration with political inaction and business preferences for the status quo. This article provides historical perspective on such regulatory dynamics by analyzing the Swiss and the Swedish cases of vehicle emission governance in the1970s-1980s. Relying on archival documents detailing the policy process in both countries as well as on international regulatory arenas, the analysis focuses on political solutions for reducing the toxicity of vehicle emissions. It uncovers the influence of national as well as international business groups and the existence of the tension between various national ministries, arising from conflicting environmental and trade-related goals. Is also highlights the importance of different institutional settings in creating the expertise to explain the political outcomes. While the Swiss corporatist system gave a great deal of power to a variety of interest groups at each stage of the political process, the Swedish government invested significant resources in the creation of independent expertise and enjoyed a relative autonomy, despite the importance of the Swedish car industry. The analysis also assesses the importance of the Swiss–Swedish collaboration in overcoming certain obstacles and their contribution to the implementation of stricter regulations in Europe that ultimately occurred at the margins of the European Economic Community.

This paper aims to investigate the change in EU rhetoric on enlargement to the Western Balkans using analysis and comparison of the arguments of EU officials and strategic documents, which are closely related to the Union's enlargement policy to the Western Balkans, after the European Council summits on the enlargement of the Union, in 2003 and 2018. Following the fundamental tendency to enlarge the Union in the context of the common foreign and security policy, European officials articulated this differently in the context of the two summits. While during and after the first Summit, the European Union was presented in various discursive representations as a highly successful political community capable of attracting countries to adapt to its strict rules and norms to achieve the possibility of integration; during the second Summit, in 2018, the importance of the accession of the Western Balkan countries to the Union was persistently emphasized. In this way, the patronizing discourse present in rhetorical representations during and after the first Summit was replaced by the discourse according to which the European Union insists on the accession of these countries to the Union, regardless of the complete fulfillment of previously set normative criteria. The reason for that is the growing influence of China in the Western Balkans and the growing Russian appetite for power and political action in this region.

In his novel Sages of Darkness (Fuqahā' al-Ẓalām), we encounter Salim Barakat as a writer of psychological realism, which this paper attempts to show by a comparison to Fyodor Dostoevsky's ground-breaking novel Crime and Punishment (1866). Barakat's main protagonist is a Kurdish Sufi Mullah, a protector of his rural community in al-Qamishli, Jazira in Ottoman times. With the sudden appearance of "dried up fields," Mullah Benav carries on with his undertone of murmured prayer and reliance on the techniques of Kurdish Sufi practice (somewhat similar to Jewish Kabbalistic practice) to solve the problem. And then, lo and behold, a fantastical event occurs with the birth of a baby son whom the Mullah calls "Bekas." Sages of Darkness has five long chapters of approximately fifty pages each, comparable to the original serial publication of Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment. It introduces an aside on the psychological cause and result of child molestation by respected personages within the society and especially within the education system. The present paper uses quotations from the first fifty pages of Sages of Darkness. Long passages from the book are quoted because no English translation has as yet been published. I anticipate completing the translation in about 7 months.

The aim of this research is to create an understanding regarding the relationship between Grand Mosques in urban structure of the Islamic Communities. For this study, Faysal Mosque, Grand Mosque of the Federal Capital of Pakistan, Islamabad, has been selected as a primary site of inquiry for investigating function and purpose of a mosque in an Islamic community. Using a conceptual framework developed using Michel Foucault's framework for Enunciative Modalities and design analysis of key examples of major grand mosques in the Islamic history, the paper highlights that a grand mosque holds a vital position in the historic Islamic cities. Its placement at an anchoring point generally connects it with the urban fabric of the city. Historically, the vital positioning in the mosque is also associated with the diverse function that generally work as a school, a treasury, a lecture hall, a guest room, and place of worship. However, with the evolution of the Muslim societies the mosque's function was confined to a religious place and a school as the rest of the function were shifted into more specialized buildings. Through the assessment of architectural, political, and sociological impacts, however, it has been concluded that whether modern or traditional, the Islamic city was never conceptualized without the grand mosque. Keywords: Mosque Architecture, Faysal Mosque, Modernity, Symbolism

One of the main functions of government is to provide public services as a manifestation of the general task of government to realize the welfare of the community. Along with this, the development of the state civil apparatus is carried out continuously, so that it can become an efficient and effective, clean and authoritative tool. This research aims to determine the effect of organizational commitment and competence on employee performance mediated by job satisfaction at the regional secretariat of Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region. In this research using quantitative methods. Placing the sample based on the saturated sampling technique or census with the population in this research being all permanent employees at the regional secretariat of Sleman Regency who visited 137 people. The results of the study indicate that organizational commitment and competence have a positive effect on job satisfaction. organizational commitment and has a positive effect on employee performance. Job satisfaction has a positive effect on employee performance. Job satisfaction is able to mediate the effect of organizational commitment on employee performance. Job satisfaction is able to mediate the influence of competence on employee performance. From this research the authors suggest that the regional secretariat of the Special Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta can optimize organizational commitment, job satisfaction to improve employee performance.

The pandemic has intensified issues faced by the journalism community in Malaysia. This study is an attempt to help the media industries upskill themselves in terms of the written discourse. This study describes the rhetorical structures in Malaysian newspaper reports, namely The Star, in terms of the rhetorical moves and steps by using the genre theory, corpus-based discourse analysis and corpus analysis. MyCORONAS (Malaysian Corpus of Online Newspaper Articles) corpus of 90 selected news reports consisting of crime news (TSC), environmental news (TSE) and political news (TSP) was compiled and analysed quantitatively and qualitatively to identify the frequency, functions, and patterns of rhetorical moves. The findings identified a nine-move structure for the newspaper reports. The nine-move structure consists of five optional moves and four obligatory moves. Variations in the use of the steps were observed within the sub-genres. Additionally, based on the functions of the moves, it was found that the newspaper report is a hybrid genre with various communicative functions. Based on the patterns of move distribution, the dispersion value shows that the moves are tightly clustered. To conclude, the findings of this study will heighten the awareness of ESP learners on the importance of using appropriate rhetorical moves to write a newspaper report which will help the journalism industries reform themselves during the pandemic.

This study was undertaken to investigate socio-cultural barriers to entrepreneurship among young graduates in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). It is based on a field survey carried out in Kinshasa among 588 young Congolese graduates of higher and university education, aged 15 to 35 years. The results reveal that the lack of valuation of entrepreneurship in the community, the absence of entrepreneurial culture and negative societal attitude to youth entrepreneurship, witchcraft and magico-religious practices and the lack of family support and friends are important socio-cultural barriers in the DRC. Entrepreneurship is not valued in the DRC. It is considered a secondary activity to a main job. Society finds it less important to start one's own business or be self-employed, and so discourages young people from doing so. The fight against these socio-cultural obstacles can help encourage the realization of entrepreneurial projects through the creation of businesses by young Congolese graduates. The originality of this study is based on the field analyzed, namely the developing countries, specifically the Democratic Republic of the Congo, a country less studied on the entrepreneurial level, and on its operational aim the development of entrepreneurship and the realization of entrepreneurial projects of young Congolese entrepreneurs. Keywords: Youth entrepreneurship, Socio-Cultural Barriers to Entrepreneurship, Young Congolese Graduates, Business Creation, DRC.

This study aims to describe the management and utilization of Village Funds in physical development in Tanah Tiinggi Village, Malabotom District, Sorong Regency and identify supporting factors and inhibiting factors for the management and utilization of Village Funds in physical development in Tanah Tinggi Village, Malabotom District, Sorong Regency. The focus of this research is the management and utilization of the Village Fund which includes: planning, implementation, and accountability. This type of research is descriptive qualitative, the primary data sources in this study consist of key informants, namely the village head and village officials and community informants. Data collection techniques used three ways, namely observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique used is an interactive model consisting of data collection, data condensation, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results that can be concluded from this study are that the management of the Village Fund in physical development in Tanah Tinggi Village is in accordance with applicable regulations and is running quite well, but there are still some obstacles. The implementation of development is intended for the public interest in the form of construction of facilities and infrastructure. Accountability has been said to be good even though there are inhibiting factors from the Village Government, namely the lack of human resources and understanding of program planning.

Majlis ta'lim is a necessity for the development of the reality of religious populism today. This type of religious group is a forum for the socio-political cultural structuring of today's society. So that these religious groups have a role in constructing the social life of the community. In this context, the majlis ta'lim is deemed to have an interest in producing its discourse. Of course, everyone has understood that the religious discourse of religious assemblies (majlis) has a strong influence on the order of social life. The last fact was found that today's religious assemblies (majlis) tend to contest, especially in the world of politics. On such problems, this research is important to do. The important issue that must be studied is how the awareness and religious views of the majlis ta'lim in seeing the various religious discourses that have existed so far that have been there? And how is the typology of discourse developed in response to it? Through a qualitative approach in the intentionality or Franz Brentano model of action qualitative approach, the research problem is trying to be studied. The result is an important picture of discourse production developed by this majlis. The conclusion is that the discourse production developed by this majlis has two different and contradictory typologies. The difference is the attitudes and religious values developed in religious discourse.

The extraordinary condition of the pandemic prompted various countries to take extraordinary steps in order to save the people and their economy, such as carrying out a fiscal expansion policy, loose monetary policy, lowering Central Bank interest rates, accompanied by pumping liquidity or other measures. quantitative easing, as well as relaxation of regulations in the financial sector. These various efforts are made to be able to maintain and protect people's lives and the economy, the government provides regulatory protection, namely the issuance of Perppu No. 1 of 2020 and Law No. 2 of 2020. Issuance of Law (UU) No. 2 of 2020 concerning State Finance Policy and Financial System Stability for Handling the Covid-19 Pandemic is intended to provide protection for people's lives which are very seriously threatened by the spread and spread of Covid-19, both from the aspect of life safety due to health and safety threats, as well as the social and economic life of the community. All policies in Law Number 2 of 2020, especially policies in the field of state finances that have been implemented at this time, have been based on assessments and using factual data on the impact of the Covid-19 threat to society and the state. Keywords: Government, Pandemic, Economy, State