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Although construction and demolition waste (C&D waste) recycling has been widely regarded as an effective way to save resources, its selection of recycling channels has received little attention. In order to improve the recycling efficiency of C&D waste and promote the process of C&D waste management, we innovatively propose a dual-channel recycling problem of C&D waste from the perspective of supply-chain operation, aiming to study the impact of the selection of recycling channels and the government's economic intervention on pricing decisions. Specifically, we build in this paper a three-echelon construction material supply chain including a construction contractor, a professional recycling agency, and a building materials manufacturer, considering two modes: the construction contractor does the recycling job alone (as the direct channel) and the construction contractor entrusts the recycling job to the professional recycling agency (as the indirect channel). We use game theory to analyze the optimal decision strategies of the members with or without governmental intervention and the equilibrium strategies are obtained. At the same time, taking Chongqing city as an example, we apply the model to carry out numerical simulation, and the results reveal that greater recycling costs of C&D waste leads to lower profits for the members. When the market capacity of first-class renewable building materials increases, the recycler's recycling cost of C&D waste decreases, and the remanufacturing cost of recycled materials processed into first-class renewable building materials decreases, the supply-chain members will choose the indirect channel to perform the recycling job. In the case when government intervention exists, the recycling quantity of C&D waste increases, the price of the final products decreases, and both the total profit of the system and the profit of the supply-chain members increase; there is a positive correlation with the government subsidies. The study provides some insights on managerial significance to C&D waste recycling management.

Circular economy and renewable energy infrastructure such as offshore wind farms are often assumed to be developed in synergy as part of sustainable transitions. Offshore wind is among the preferred technologies for low-carbon energy. Deployment is forecast to accelerate over ten times faster than onshore wind between 2021 and 2025, while the first generation of offshore wind turbines is about to be decommissioned. However, the growing scale of offshore wind brings new sustainability challenges. Many of the challenges are circular economy-related, such as increasing resource exploitation and competition and underdeveloped end-of-use solutions for decommissioned components and materials. However, circular economy is not yet commonly and systematically applied to offshore wind. Circular economy is a whole system approach aiming to make better use of products, components and materials throughout their consecutive lifecycles. The purpose of this study is to enable the integration of a sustainable circular economy into the design, development, operation and end-of-use management of offshore wind infrastructure. This will require a holistic overview of potential circular economy strategies that apply to offshore wind, because focus on no, or a subset of, circular solutions would open the sector to the risk of unintended consequences, such as replacing carbon impacts with water pollution, and short-term private cost savings with long-term bills for taxpayers. This study starts with a systematic review of circular economy and wind literature as a basis for the coproduction of a framework to embed a sustainable circular economy throughout the lifecycle of offshore wind energy infrastructure, resulting in eighteen strategies: design for circular economy, data and information, recertification, dematerialisation, waste prevention, modularisation, maintenance and repair, reuse and repurpose, refurbish and remanufacturing, lifetime extension, repowering, decommissioning, site recovery, disassembly, recycling, energy recovery, landfill and re-mining. An initial baseline review for each strategy is included. The application and transferability of the framework to other energy sectors, such as oil and gas and onshore wind, are discussed. This article concludes with an agenda for research and innovation and actions to take by industry and government.

Circular economy and renewable energy infrastructure such as offshore wind farms are often assumed to be developed in synergy as part of sustainable transitions. Offshore wind is among the preferred technologies for low-carbon energy. Deployment is forecast to accelerate over ten times faster than onshore wind between 2021 and 2025, while the first generation of offshore wind turbines is about to be decommissioned. However, the growing scale of offshore wind brings new sustainability challenges. Many of the challenges are circular economy-related, such as increasing resource exploitation and competition and underdeveloped end-of-use solutions for decommissioned components and materials. However, circular economy is not yet commonly and systematically applied to offshore wind. Circular economy is a whole system approach aiming to make better use of products, components and materials throughout their consecutive lifecycles. The purpose of this study is to enable the integration of a sustainable circular economy into the design, development, operation and end-of-use management of offshore wind infrastructure. This will require a holistic overview of potential circular economy strategies that apply to offshore wind, because focus on no, or a subset of, circular solutions would open the sector to the risk of unintended consequences, such as replacing carbon impacts with water pollution, and short-term private cost savings with long-term bills for taxpayers. This study starts with a systematic review of circular economy and wind literature as a basis for the coproduction of a framework to embed a sustainable circular economy throughout the lifecycle of offshore wind energy infrastructure, resulting in eighteen strategies: design for circular economy, data and information, recertification, dematerialisation, waste prevention, modularisation, maintenance and repair, reuse and repurpose, refurbish and remanufacturing, lifetime extension, repowering, decommissioning, site recovery, disassembly, recycling, energy recovery, landfill and re-mining. An initial baseline review for each strategy is included. The application and transferability of the framework to other energy sectors, such as oil and gas and onshore wind, are discussed. This article concludes with an agenda for research and innovation and actions to take by industry and government.

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore circular economy (CE) initiatives and apply the stimulus-organism-response theory to find the socio-political drivers and enablers of CE in the pharmaceutical industry. CE as a concept was relatively not studied much with respect to socio-political interests from operations management perspectives. This was especially so in the pharmaceutical industry.


Design/methodology/approach
This research study was anchored in the theoretical conversation of stimulus-organism-response theory to find the socio-political interests and enablers of the regenerative CE principles. These were the functions of remanufacturing, reuse and recycle. For this research study, data was collected in two steps. First, eight industry practitioners were interviewed to understand the CE practices in the pharmaceutical industry. Then 166 chiefs of production and operations functions from 124 pharmaceutical companies were surveyed. The quantitative data was empirically analyzed using SmartPLS3 software.


Findings
This research study revealed that pressure from suppliers and other public stakeholders were driving regenerative CE practices in the pharmaceutical industry. The results further stated that CE enablers such as green information technology systems and internal environmental management were critical for making pharmaceutical manufacturing operations circular.


Research limitations/implications
This research study measured the constructs on a formative scale. Studies measuring socio-political interests, CE enablers and sustainability practices constructs on a formative scale were much required for the development of the CE theory. This research study output could be applied across geographies and industries to measure the indicators of CE.


Practical implications
This research study indicated that in the context of the pharmaceutical industry, there was an overemphasis on the remanufacture and reuse principles. However, the focus on recycling principles was mostly subdued. For managers and regulators in the pharmaceutical sector, this research study provided clear insights that for more effective CE implementation. This was based on an effective application of recycling practices in the critical functions in pharmaceutical industry.


Originality/value
Earlier research studies on green and environmental manufacturing were focused on linear production models. To provide clear and robust foundations for CE theory, this research study considered operations management from the perspective of the value chain. This comprised the entire circular production model. Earlier research studies had treated socio-political interests, CE enablers and sustainability practices as reflective constructs. This study was one of the foremost to measure these constructs on a formative scale.

The CICLO project "Strengthening the circular economy skills of the EU Labour Services" is an Erasmus + KA2 that aims to improve and multiply the opportunities for improvement and requalification of long-term and low-skilled unemployed workers, in the field of evolution the circular economy market, through innovative vocational education and training (VET) tools and pedagogies, accompanied by skills assessment, recognition and validation methods. To that end, the CICLO project envisages the development of an interactive labor market and online skills ecosystem, geared to the needs of the circular economy, providing a training package for employed and unemployed people in order to equip them with basic skills related to recycling, opportunities for management, reuse and remanufacturing and service development (instead of products). The project is divided into five different intellectual outputs, comprising the following products: Cos Ecosystem of Circular Economy Skills and Methodological Framework; Cur CICLO curriculum and VET toolbox for key skills acquisition resources; Platform Multifunctional and Interactive Platform; Assessment Skills assessment, validation and recognition tools and Package Adaptation and policy package. Through these five phases, the project will offer a course of action to combat low levels of circular economy skills among long-term unemployed and low-skilled workers, while enabling unemployed workers and people to become creators of their own career through the economy market Circular. The project will also maximize your employability opportunities, enhance the development of critical media literacy skills and competences in VET and provide innovative VET teaching methods, best practice guidelines and strategies for using digital tools and innovative learning environments. The project is managed by a consortium of 8 European partners, covering a wide range of knowledge related to the scope and objectives of the project, also having a pan-European scope in its activities, with the Polytechnic Institute of Santarém being one of these partners. With this article, we intend, through the impulse of the project, to give Portugal's vision on the great theme of the CICLO project, the Circular Economy. We will focus on four topics: what is the Circular Economy, strategies adopted by Portugal, surrounding policies and business examples that have adopted this model. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

It is currently emphasised at European level that an essential way to deliver the resource efficiency agenda established under the Europe 2020 Strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth is through moving towards a more circular economy (CE). European Union (EU) documents indicate that greater and sustained improvements of resource efficiency performance can bring large economic benefits. One of the most important advantages of CE systems is to keep the added value in products for as long as possible and eliminate waste. This also applies to the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) regulations. The WEEE regulations are intended to reduce the amount of e-waste being disposed of and require EEE producers to pay for its reuse, recycling and recovery. According to Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection (GIOS) data, every Pole generates approx. 14 kg of electronic waste annually (in EU - 17 kg/capita annually) and only 4 kg of these waste is selective selected. This indicates that the recovery of raw materials from WEEE, i.e. cell phones, computers, screens, monitors, household goods is one of the largest potential sources of raw materials, but it is wasted. Currently, the management and recovery of materials from WEEE is on the agenda of the EU and many individual countries as its disposal in an improper manner could have a significant impact on the environment. Efficient WEEE management has become a key goal, due to the pollution that could potentially result from the hazardous substances its components contain, but also because reusing its materials can be an important potential supply of resources. It should be mentioned that action on the circular economy is closely linked with key EU priorities, including jobs and growth, the investment agenda, climate and energy, the social agenda and industrial innovation, and with global efforts on sustainable development. The paper presents the importance of economic actors in Poland, such as business and consumers, which play a fundamental role in moving to a more CE model. Their eco-innovative actions support the CE at each step of the value chain - from production to consumption, repair and remanufacturing, waste management, and secondary raw materials that are fed back into the economy. The proposed actions should be consistent with the local, regional, national and European level regulations, which are also presented.

Heutzutage stehen produzierende Unternehmen vor dem Zielkonflikt zwischen Kostenminimierung durch Massenherstellung standardisierter Produkte und der Fertigung individualisierter Produkte zu hohen Kosten. Eine flexibilisierte Massenfertigung mit modular gestalteten Produkten, Komponentengemeinschaft und auftragsbezogener Fertigung soll die Lösung für dieses Dilemma sein. Zudem werden produzierende Unternehmen durch gesellschaftliche und gesetzliche Vorgaben, aber auch aus ökonomischen Gründen angehalten, ihre gebrauchten Produkte zurückzunehmen und wiederaufzubereiten. Modular gestaltete Produkte eignen sich für Refabrikation. In dieser Arbeit wird ein geschlossener Wertschöpfungskreislauf mit Refabrikation untersucht: Produkte werden von Kunden nach der Nutzung zurückgegeben und können so bearbeitet werden, dass ihre enthaltenen Komponenten wieder einen neuwertigen Zustand erreichen und an Stelle von extern beschafften Komponenten zur auftragsbezogenen Herstellung neuwertiger modularer Produkte genutzt werden können. Zur Planung dieses Wertschöpfungskreislaufs wird ein mathematisches Modell entwickelt. Als erstes werden Wertschöpfungsketten mit rückwärtsgerichteten Produktflüssen systematisch analysiert, um die besonderen Planungsanforderungen und damit Vorgaben an die mathematische Modellierung des in dieser Arbeit untersuchten Entscheidungsproblems herauszuarbeiten. Quantitative Methoden zur Entscheidungsunterstützung werden präsentiert. Diese Methoden sind jedoch nicht für das Entscheidungsproblem dieser Arbeit geeignet, da sie die speziellen Planungsanforderungen in der Modellierung vernachlässigen. Das diskrete Standortplanungsmodell ist eine solche Methode; dieses Modell und die Planung von Wertschöpfungskreisläufen mittels dieses Modells werden kritisch diskutiert. Ein diskretes Standortplanungsmodell für die Planung geschlossener Wertschöpfungskreisläufe aus der Literatur wird korrigiert vorgestellt und für ein Anwendungsbeispiel aus der Kopiergeräte-Industrie gelöst. Die Lösungen zeigen, welche Probleme durch die unzureichende mathematische Abbildung entstehen. Aufbauend auf diesen Erkenntnissen wird das diskrete Standortplanungsmodell schrittweise erweitert. Durch diese Vorgehensweise wird aufgezeigt, welche neuen Erkenntnisse und Verbesserungen durch die weiterentwickelte Modellierung des Entscheidungsproblems erreicht werden. Zunächst wird das diskrete Standortplanungsmodell um Produktionsplanung mit Refabrikation erweitert. Die Lösungen für das Anwendungsbeispiel aus der Kopiergeräte-Industrie zeigen, dass dadurch die wechselseitigen Abhängigkeiten zwischen Standort-, Transport- und Produktionsplanung im Wertschöpfungskreislauf erfasst werden. Außerdem werden nun Zulieferer-Standorte und -Mengen in die Planung miteinbezogen. Danach wird der Modellierungsansatz um (Volumen-)Kapazitätsplanung erweitert und auf einen mehrperiodigen Planungshorizont unterteilt. Nun wird die Kapazität gemeinsam mit Standorten sowie Transport-, Beschaffungs- und Bearbeitungsmengen optimal bestimmt. Die Lösungen belegen, dass so hohe Überkapazitäten verhindert werden und der Zusammenhang zwischen Transport- und Lagermengen mit Standort-Kapazitäten abgebildet wird. Weiterhin kann nun der Einfluss von Produktlebenszyklen, Kunden-Nutzungsdauern von Produkten und des Produkt-Designs untersucht werden. Zudem kann beobachtet werden, dass Umverteilung von Produktionsinput unter bestimmten Bedingungen optimal ist. Da die Produktion mit Refabrikation arbeitsintensiv ist, muss auch die Personalbestandsplanung in die Modellierung miteinbezogen werden. Damit werden Lohnkosten, Bearbeitungszeiten und die Arbeitsstunden des im Standort verfügbaren Personals bei der Optimierung berücksichtigt. Diese Planung wird noch durch eine differenzierte Modellierung der Entscheidungs-zeitpunkte verbessert. Daraus resultiert ein mathematisches Modell, dass die Standort-, Kapazitäts-, Transport-, Produktions- und Personalbestandsplanung des geschlossenen Wertschöpfungskreislaufs kombiniert mit ihren jeweiligen mittel- und langfristigen Entscheidungszeitpunkten durchführt. So kann auch der Einfluss saisonal schwankender Nachfrage auf den Wertschöpfungskreislauf, insbesondere auf die Kapazitäten untersucht werden. Durch diese detaillierte Modellierung kann der Kapazitätsbedarf im Wertschöpfungskreislauf genauer bestimmt werden und die Kostenerfassung gegenüber dem diskreten Standortplanungsmodell ist verbessert. Folglich ist eine detaillierte mathematische Abbildung des Entscheidungsproblems erforderlich, sodass daraus ökonomisch sinnvolle Handlungsempfehlungen resultieren.

1. The Life Cycle Assessment of Digital Professional Photography in Iran -- 2. Environmental evaluation of Toner Cartridge Remanufacturing -- 3. Life cycle resource use of air conditioner from the perspective of total material requirement -- 4. Resource efficiency quantification of a long-life product considering service activities through lifecycle -- 5. A study on Circular Fashion: Profitability and Environmental Impact Analysis -- 6. A Hydrogen Fueling Performance Analysis of Metal Hydride For a Fuel Cell Assisted Bicycle Using GF-08 Cooling System -- 7. State prediction and parts replacement of a manipulator based on assembly model -- 8. Adapting Lifecycle Impact Assessment Methodology to Quantify New Product Design Risks -- 9. Estimation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Wastewater Treatment in Ulaanbaatar and a Potential Approach for Emission Reductions -- 10. Plastic waste trade flows inthe Southern African Region from 2016 to 2020 -- 11. Identification of most affected impact categories of waste water-based biogas production and use -- 12. Evaluation of evolving waste management strategies in Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia: A life-cycle assessment approach -- 13. Comparative analysis of wastewater activated sludge recycling system in China: environmental and economic performances -- 14. Evaluation of micro-level circularity indicators using agent-based modelling -- 15. Energy savings evaluation based on utilizing Recycled PET Bottles in concrete blocks in Iran -- 16. Techno-economic assessment of recycling obsolete two-wheelers in ASEAN : the case of Myanmar and Cambodia -- 17. Consideration of CO2 emission reduction potential by utilizing recycled automobile parts in China -- 18. Evaluation of decarbonization based on environmental footprint indicators in the power generation in Japan -- 19. GIS-Based Analysis of Energy Recovery Potential from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch in Southern Thailand -- 20. Discussion on the Reuse of Suboptimal Food through the Perspective of Sustainable Food Circle -- 21. Environmental Impact Assessment of Tomato Consumption Using Life Cycle Assessment from Cultivation to Cooking -- 22. Food Loss and Waste: Mixed analysis from the Circular Food Economy -- 23. Application of disability adjusted life years in risk assessment for total human mercury exposure in China and Japan - a meta-analysis -- 24. COVID19 Pandemic Impact on Energy Consumption – A Survey of College Students in Japan -- 25. Modelling Customer Preference for Sustainability Information via Clustering Analysis -- 26. Smartphone App Design for Product Use Sustainability Evaluation -- 27. Undertaking Scenario Analysis of the Diffusion of Car Sharing Services: A Case Study in Bangkok, Thailand -- 28. Environmental, health, and economic co-benefits assessment of the electrification of public transport in Delhi (India) -- 29. A scenario analysis of transportation system in Vietnam based on life cycle simulation.-.

Successfully Using ChatGPT in Logistics: Are We There Yet? -- When Routing Meets Recommendation: Solving Dynamic Order Recommendations Problem in Peer-to-Peer Logistics Platforms -- A Reactive-Periodic Hybrid Optimization for Internal Hospital Logistics -- Cybersecurity Considerations for the Design of a Digital Twin Enabled AI-Driven Real-Time Distributed Optimization of Container Carbon Emissions Reduction for Synchromodal Freight Operations -- Customer's Choice in the Context of Cross-border E-Commerce: An Application of SEM -- Towards a Deep Reinforcement Learning Model of Master Bay Stowage Planning -- The Dynamic RORO Stowage Planning Problem -- Allocation of shore side electricity: The case of the Port of Hamburg -- Stockyard storage space allocation in dry bulk terminals considering mist cannons and energy expenditure -- Planning LNG Annual Delivery Programs with Speed Optimization and Multiple Loading Ports -- Tramp Ship Routing with Bunker Optimization and Flexible Cargo Quantities: Case from Dry Bulk Shipping -- Digital Twins in Seaports: Current and Future Applications -- Using Neural Networks for ETA Prediction in inland waterway transport -- A Regret Policy For The Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problem With Time Windows -- A Tabu Search Algorithm for the Traveling Purchaser Problem with Transportation Time Limit -- GRASP solution approach for the e-waste collection problem -- The heterogeneous fleet risk-constrained vehicle routing problem in humanitarian logistics -- The Snow Grooming Routing Problem -- A constraint programming model for the vehicle routing problem with multiple time windows -- A Variable Neighborhood Search Algorithm for the Truck-Drone Routing Problem -- Prediction and Analysis of Transit Ferries Travel Time: An Open Data-Based Case Study -- A Bi-objective Column Generation Approach for Real-World Rolling Stock Circulation Planning Problems -- An Effective Matheuristic Approach for Robust Bus Driver Rostering with Uncertain Daily Working Hours -- Beyond Cargo Hitching: Combined People and Freight Transport Using Dynamically Configurable Autonomous Vehicles -- Impact of Public Transport Development on Health Care Services in Rural Areas -- Ridesharing in Rural Areas with Autonomous Electric Vehicles and Interrelated Trips -- Operational integration of supply chain activities with earliness and tardiness considerations -- Constrained Multi-Agent Path Planning Problem -- UAV Path Planning for Area Coverage and Energy Consumption in Oil and Gas Exploration Environment -- Minimizing peak energy demand in exible job shops -- Carbon-Aware Mine Planning with a Novel Multi-Objective Framework -- Multi-product lot-sizing problem with remanufacturing, lost sales and sequence-dependent changeover cost. -- A radius-based approach for the bi-objective p-center and p-dispersion problem.

This thesis presents the results of a qualitative investigation that has been conducted in order to enhance knowledge of the reverse supply chain management field. Two aspects of the reverse flow need to be taken into consideration: the importance of introducing mechanisms that promote the circuitry of resources in order to protect the environment, and the increasing awareness that if strategically managed, the reverse chain represents an opportunity for profit generation and for improving the competitive position of a firm. In the first case, the main stakeholders are represented by organisations and communities that are concerned about the deteriorating conditions of the environment, depletion of non-renewable resources, and ever increasing disposal of waste. These concerns find an answer in the approval of environmental legislations, introduced by governments in particular, in Europe, by the European Community. The number and scope of these regulations are due to increase over time as well as the impact they have on companies. This study has particularly considered the implementation of the reverse chain that aims at recovering electrical and electronic goods, complying with the European Directive for Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE). The electrical and electronic waste represents on average 4% of the total disposed waste in Europe but it is extremely dangerous for the environment due to the materials content; furthermore, the disposing rate has increased every year within the 27 Member States, reaching approximately 14-24 Kg. per inhabitant in Western Europe and the 6-12 Kg. per inhabitant in the New Member States. In the second case, the main stakeholder is the firm, the producer that has the possibility of exploring new opportunities to achieve a competitive advantage and generate profit by reconditioning and remarketing used products. Many different flows arise in this context: commercial returns, returns for repair, for refurbishment and for remanufacturing. This study has considered two instances of a value driven reverse chain that recondition electronic products, and represent an opportunity for profit generation for the producer and other involved service providers. By confronting these two reverse chains (the first that has legislation as its distinctive driver, and the second that has value creation as main driver), the study presents the results of an analysis of three main aspects of the reverse chain: configuration, integration and profitability. Configuration is defined as how to configure and structure the chain in order to efficiently support the most proper recovery option: the elements that impact the chain design have been identified, and indications in order to manage them have been provided. The argument for integration would be that by integrating the forward and reverse chain, different forms of efficiency would be guaranteed. The study provides a frame to evaluate the level of integration and contribute to explain why integration is in general not present. Finally, the analysis around the profitability issue aims at providing indications to identify when and why the reverse chain is profitable and for whom. Furthermore, findings are interpreted in the light of two main theories: transaction costs economic theory and institutional theory.

Economic, marketing, and legislative considerations are increasingly leading companies to take back and recover their products after use. From a logistics perspective, these initiatives give rise to new goods flows from the user back to the producer. The management of these goods flows opposite to the traditional supply chain flows is addressed in the recently emerged field of Reverse Logistics. This monograph considers quantitative models that support decision making in Reverse Logistics. To this end, several recent case studies are reviewed. Moreover, first hand insight from a study on used electronic equipment is reported on. On this basis, logistics issues arising in the management of "reverse" goods flows are identified. Moreover, differences between Reverse Logistics and more traditional logistics contexts are highlighted. Finally, attention is paid to capturing the characteristics of Reverse Logistics in appropriate quantitative models. For further details about this dissertation, please visit the website of Springer Verlag, the publisher of this dissertation. http://www.springeronline.com Series: Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems , Vol. 501, Fleischmann, Moritz, 1st ed. 2001. 2nd printing, 2004, XI, 181 p., Softcover , ISBN: 3-540-41711-7

It is currently emphasised at European level that an essential way to deliver the resource efficiency agenda established under the Europe 2020 Strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth is through moving towards a more circular economy (CE). European Union (EU) documents indicate that greater and sustained improvements of resource efficiency performance can bring large economic benefits. One of the most important advantages of CE systems is to keep the added value in products for as long as possible and eliminate waste. This also applies to the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) regulations. The WEEE regulations are intended to reduce the amount of e-waste being disposed of and require EEE producers to pay for its reuse, recycling and recovery. According to Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection (GIOS) data, every Pole generates approx. 14 kg of electronic waste annually (in EU – 17 kg/capita annually) and only 4 kg of these waste is selective selected. This indicates that the recovery of raw materials from WEEE, i.e. cell phones, computers, screens, monitors, household goods is one of the largest potential sources of raw materials, but it is wasted. Currently, the management and recovery of materials from WEEE is on the agenda of the EU and many individual countries as its disposal in an improper manner could have a significant impact on the environment. Efficient WEEE management has become a key goal, due to the pollution that could potentially result from the hazardous substances its components contain, but also because reusing its materials can be an important potential supply of resources. It should be mentioned that action on the circular economy is closely linked with key EU priorities, including jobs and growth, the investment agenda, climate and energy, the social agenda and industrial innovation, and with global efforts on sustainable development. The paper presents the importance of economic actors in Poland, such as business and consumers, which play a fundamental role in moving to a more CE model. Their eco-innovative actions support the CE at each step of the value chain – from production to consumption, repair and remanufacturing, waste management, and secondary raw materials that are fed back into the economy. The proposed actions should be consistent with the local, regional, national and European level regulations, which are also presented. ; Zgodnie z założeniami Unii Europjeksiej (UE), przechodzenie na gospodarkę o obiegu zamkniętym (ang. circular economy - CE) jest niezbędne do realizacji inicjatywy na rzecz zasobooszczędności przewidzianej w ramach strategii "Europa 2020" na rzecz inteligentnego i zrównoważonego rozwoju sprzyjającego włączeniu społecznemu. UE wskazuje, iż dalsza trwała poprawa w zakresie zasobooszczędności jest osiągalna i może przynieść znaczne korzyści gospodarcze. W systemach gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym istnieje możliwość zachowania jak najdłużej wartości dodanej produktów i eliminacja odpadów. Założenia te dotyczą także kwestii związanych z zarządzaniem zużytym sprzętem elektrycznym i elektronicznym (ZSEE). Znowelizowane przepisy dotyczące ZSEE mają na celu zmniejszenie ilości odpadów kierowanych na składowiska oraz wymuszają od producentów podjęcia działań w zakresie ich unieszkodliwiania - ponownego wykorzystania, recyklingu i odzysku. W Polsce wytwarzanych jest obecnie ok. 14 kg ZSEE/ 1osobę rocznie, z czego jedynie 4 kg ZSEE/ 1 osobę jest zbieranych selektywnie. Oznacza to, że jedno z największych potencjalnych źródeł surowców (odzysk z ZSEE, tj. telefonów komórkowych, komputerów, ekranów, monitorów, artykułów gospodarstwa domowego) jest niewykorzystane. Z uwagi na fakt, iż europejska dyrektywa wymaga od państw członkowskich UE powtórnego wykorzystania oraz odzysku i recyklingu komponentów sprzętów elektrycznych i elektronicznych, zakłada się poprawę w wykorzystaniu odpadów w charakterze zasobów. W pracy omówiono kluczowe znaczenie podmiotów gospodarczych i konsumentów w przechodzeniu na gospodarkę o obiegu zamkniętym, w tym ich eko-innowacyjne działania wspierające rozwój CE na każdym etapie łańcucha wartości - od produkcji do konsumpcji, naprawy i regeneracji, gospodarki odpadami i surowcami wtórnymi wprowadzanymi z powrotem do gospodarki. Proponowane działania powinny być zgodne we wskazanymi lokalnymi, regionalnymi, krajowymi i europejskimi przepisami.