Search results

In Latin America, water governance is facing the problem of rising demand for water resources, increased hydrological variability in a context of climate change, proliferating contamination and thus —in general— increasing scarcity of water in terms of quantity, quality, and opportunity. This creates competition and conflicts among stakeholders. The issue coincides with the urgent international problem of concentration of land, which is heavily intertwined with the concentration of water in the hands of the few. Globalization and a neoliberal political climate facilitate that powerful actors accumulate water rights and volumes at the expense of less powerful water users. This paper examines some exemplary situations in Peru. It is based on literature review, reports and archival research. The paper concludes that the unfair distribution of land and water, at the expense of rural families, communities and indigenous territories, constitutes a serious threat to environmental sustainability, water security and food security. ; En Latinoamérica, la gobernanza del agua se enfrenta con el problema del aumento de la demanda de recursos hídricos, la creciente variabilidad hidrológica en un contexto de cambio climático, y la contaminación que sigue proliferándose. Por lo tanto, se observa una creciente escasez de agua, en cantidad y calidad, generando competencia y conflictos entre los actores involucrados. El problema coincide con el urgente temario internacional de la concentración de tierra, que está muy entrelazado con la concentración del agua en pocas manos. La globalización y un clima político neoliberal facilitan que actores poderosos acumulen derechos y volúmenes de agua a expensas de usuarios de menor poder. Este documento tiene por objetivo examinar el contexto nacional poniendo atención especial en la acumulación en casos ejemplares de la costa peruana. Se basa en revisión de literatura, informes y archivos pertinentes. Concluye que la distribución injusta de tierra y agua, a expensas de familias rurales y de territorios comunales e indígenas, constituye una grave amenaza para la sostenibilidad ambiental, la seguridad hídrica y la seguridad alimentaria.

Malaysia is multiethnic, with a population of 31,127,247 comprising a mixture of Malays (50.1%), Chinese (22.6%), Indians (6.7%), Aborigines (11.8%), others (0.7%), and noncitizens (8.2%). Like other countries in the region, viral hepatitis is an important public health problem in Malaysia. The 3 most common causes for hepatitis in Malaysia are hepatitis A, B, and C. Hepatitis A has been a reportable disease in Malaysia since 1988. Due to the introduction of government control programs, the national incidence rate has dropped steadily. It is now estimated that 50% of Malaysians less than 30 years of age do not have antibodies to hepatitis A and are therefore susceptible to the disease, which can be prevented by reinforcing the hygiene status of the general population. Malaysia is a country of medium seroprevalence for the hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) in the general population (1.5-9.8%). The major route of transmission is from infected mother to fetus. There are an estimated 1 million people chronically infected with hepatitis B in Malaysia. Approximately 75% of all viral hepatitis cases are due to hepatitis B infection, with a male-to-female ratio of 2:1. Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) accounts for more than 80% of the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases seen in Malaysia and HCC is the 3rd most common malignant neoplasm and among the 10 leading causes of death. Most common genotypes are B and C. Incidence rates among Chinese, Malays, and Indians are 36, 26, and 15% respectively. The hepatitis B vaccination program for children was introduced in 1989, which successfully managed to reduce the seroprevalence of infection among Malaysians to 0.01% (graph 4, 2014). But the disease burden will still remain high for some time as the infected people are getting older and living longer. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a growing problem in Malaysia. An estimated 453,700 people were living with HCV infection in Malaysia in 2009 (2.5% of the population aged 15-64 years), of whom 59% acquired their ...

At the moment the problem of human capital formation in agriculture is very important. To ensure food security of any country plays an important role in agricultural development. In the face of economic sanctions imposed by some States against Russia, there is a need to increase domestic production of agricultural products. In these conditions, the rise of national agriculture government has to first address the following tasks: technical and technological modernization of agriculture; the formation of human capital of agriculture, capable to master an innovation; the creation of modern social infrastructure of rural areas to consolidate the professional staff. During the implementation of the State program of development of agriculture, the agricultural sector needs highly qualified specialists. The article discusses the origin of the term "human capital" and its further evolution, and concludes that the man is the main factor of employment. Discusses and analyzes the main social factors influencing the formation of human capital, and revealed the need for specialists of agrarian sector. ; At the moment the problem of human capital formation in agriculture is very important. To ensure food security of any country plays an important role in agricultural development. In the face of economic sanctions imposed by some States against Russia, there is a need to increase domestic production of agricultural products. In these conditions, the rise of national agriculture government has to first address the following tasks: technical and technological modernization of agriculture; the formation of human capital of agriculture, capable to master an innovation; the creation of modern social infrastructure of rural areas to consolidate the professional staff. During the implementation of the State program of development of agriculture, the agricultural sector needs highly qualified specialists. The article discusses the origin of the term "human capital" and its further evolution, and concludes that the man is the main factor of employment. Discusses and analyzes the main social factors influencing the formation of human capital, and revealed the need for specialists of agrarian sector.

Consolidation lies at the heart of the last-mile logistics problem. Urban consolidation centers (UCCs) have been set up to facilitate such consolidation all over the world. To the best of our knowledge, most-if not all-of the UCCs operate on volume-based fixed-rate charges. To achieve environmental sustainability while ensuring economic sustainability in urban logistics, we propose, in this paper, a bicriteria auction mechanism for the automated assignment of last-mile delivery orders to transport resources. We formulate and solve the winner determination problem of the auction as a biobjective programming model. We then present a systematic way to generate the Pareto frontier to characterize the tradeoff between achieving economic and environmental sustainabilities in urban logistics. Finally, we demonstrate that our proposed bicriteria auction produces the solutions that significantly dominate those obtained from the fixed-rate mechanisms. Our sensitivity analysis on the willingness of carriers to participate in the UCC operation reveals that higher willingness is favorable toward achieving greater good for all, if UCC is designed to be nonprofit and self-sustaining.Note to Practitioners-One of the main issues with last-mile logistics is the low utilization of delivery trucks, resulting in unnecessarily large number of trucks carrying out the last-mile delivery. This creates congestion, worsens air pollution, and drives up the cost of the individual carriers. Consolidation of orders can reduce the total number of trucks used to perform the last-mile delivery. This can considerably improve the environmental sustainability around the delivery area and reduce the cost of the individual carrier. Without the proper mechanism, however, such consolidation is often not economically sustainable, requiring the government to continually inject subsidy. To address the issue, we propose, in this paper, a bicriteria auction that considers both the economic and environmental sustainability aspects when performing winner determination. We then present a systematic way to characterize the tradeoff between the two objectives. Finally, we show that our proposal leads to the solutions that dominate those obtained from the commonly used fixed-rate mechanisms.

Проблема импортозамещения на российском рынке товаров иностранного производства отечественными не нова и периодически поднимается, в том числе и руководством страны. В первую очередь, импортозамещение связывают с решением одной из основных задач экономики России ее диверсификацией, а также развитием специализации и кооперации российских предприятий. Однако разработка целостной политики импортозамещения на уровне Правительства активно началась только после введения санкций иностранных государств и их союзов, снизивших доступность для российских производителей финансовых средств, инвестиций, товаров промышленного и продовольственного назначения. О необходимости преодоления критической зависимости от зарубежных технологий и промышленной продукции говорилось в послании Президента РФ Федеральному Собранию в конце 2014 года. В рамках обозначенной проблемы в статье исследованы инструменты импортозамещения, применявшиеся в различные периоды развития экономики Российской Федерации. Особое внимание уделено новым инструментам импортозамещения, таким как: региональные инвестиционные проекты, целевые займы предприятиям за счет средств федерального бюджета, налоговые льготы, специальный инвестиционный контракт, отраслевые программы и так далее. Рассмотрены варианты развития инструментов импортозамещения, наиболее адекватные современным экономическим реалиям. ; The foreign goods import substitution problem on the Russian market is not new and is periodically discussed by the state authority. Import substitution is linked to diversification of economy, one of the main economic tasks in Russia, as well as, specialization and cooperation of Russian enterprises. But the development of holistic import substitution policy was encouraged by the government only after imposed by some foreign states sanctions, which reduced accessibility for financial funds, investments and commodities. The necessity of overcoming such dramatic dependence on foreign technologies and industrial products was stated in the message of the Russian President to the Federal Assembly in late 2014. In the framework of the indicated problem, the article investigates import substitution instruments, applied during various periods of Russian economy. Special attention is paid to new import substitution tools, such as regional investment projects, purpose loans to enterprises at the expense of the Federal funds, tax breaks, special investment contracts, sectoral projects, and so on. Options for modern economic import substitution tools development are examined.

Проблема взаимоотношений Римско-католической церкви, общества и власти в хронологических рамках XIX столетия привлекала внимание многих специалистов. Конечно, такой интерес к институтам католицизма не был случайным. Бурный, перенасыщенный событиями век революций, развития колониальных империй и становления индустриальной цивилизации в Европе оказал колоссальное влияние на все христианские церкви. Свой вклад в развитие научной дискуссии о современном для них состоянии РКЦ внесли также российские дореволюционные ученые теологи, правоведы, философы, историки. Причем эта проблема имела для России особенное звучание. Актуальность темы обусловлена необходимостью осмысления взаимоотношений между Россией и Ватиканом, которые на протяжении веков складывались непросто и были тесно связаны с политическими событиями, поскольку Ватикан воспринимался российской общественностью прежде всего как идейный вдохновитель западноевропейских государств. Проанализирован дискурс российских исследований, а также их контекст. Своеобразное отношение российских исследователей к Римско-католической церкви обусловлено спецификой исторического развития России и Западной Европы, расположенных на разных полюсах цивилизационной парадигмы. ; The problem of relations between the Roman Catholic Church, the society and the authorities in the chronological framework of XIX century attracted the attention of many specialists. Of course, such an interest in the institutions of Catholicism was not accidental. The stormy and oversaturated events century of the revolutions, the colonial empires and the formation of industrial civilization in Europe has had a tremendous influence on all Christian churches. Pre-revolutionary Russian scientists theologians, philosophers, historians, jurists contributed to the scientific discussion about the current state of the Roman Catholic Church. Moreover, this problem was Russia's special sound. Relevance of the topic is caused by the necessity of understanding the relationship between Russia and the Vatican, which for centuries were not easy they were closely linked to political events because Russian public interpreted Vatican primarily as an inspirer of the Western European states. The discourse of Russian studies as well as their context is analyzed. The peculiar attitude of Russian researchers to the Roman Catholic Church linked to the specific historical development of Russia and Western Europe, located at opposite ends of civilizational paradigm.

Статья посвящена вопросам адаптации студентов к обучению в вузе. Рассмотрены сущность и содержание понятия «адаптация», подходы к структуре и формам адаптации. В результате выявлены основные трудности адаптации первокурсников, изучены внешние и внутренние факторы, влияющие на адаптационный процесс, приведены данные по выявлению особенностей адаптационного процесса студентов в вузе. В статье определен комплекс психологопедагогических условий эффективного прохождения процесса адаптации студентов на начальном этапе обучения: психолого-педагогическая диагностика; разработка дисциплин по выбору, факультативов, направленных на формирование навыков конструктивного взаимодействия, развитие самостоятельности, рефлексии; корректировка рабочих программ дисциплин блока 1, в содержание которых можно включить информацию об организации процесса в вузе, формах текущего, промежуточного и итогового контроля, организации самостоятельной работы студентов и т. д.; интеграция усилий Института кураторов, деканатов, студенческого самоуправления, студентов и родителей; включение в программу воспитательной работы мероприятий, направленных на развитие молодежных инициатив (волонтерские движения, благотворительные акции, трудовые десанты). На основе анализа исследуемой проблемы делается вывод о том, что процесс адаптации сложный и регулируемый, не сводится к прямой трансляции мировоззрения, ценностей, а рассматривается как создание условий для социализации и самореализации каждого студента, развития его индивидуальности. ; The article deals with the problem of students' adaptation to learning at university. We considered the concept «adaptation», its structure and forms, identified the features of this process in high school. To find out the main difficulties of freshmen's adaptation the external and internal factors were examined. We defined a set of psychological and pedagogical conditions for effective adaptation of students at the initial stage of learning: psycho-pedagogical diagnostics; development of elective courses, aimed at formation of constructive cooperation skills, autonomy, reflection; correction of programs for block 1 disciplines, which should include information about organization of the learning process in high school, forms of current, intermediate and final control, students' independent work, etc; integrating efforts of Curators Institute, Faculty Office, Student Government, students and parents; introduction of measures aimed at development of youth's initiatives (volunteer movement, charitable). Study of the problem allows us to conclude that the process of adaptation is complicated, controlled and targeted at creating conditions for socialization, selfrealization and personal development of each student.

Opportunities and challenges in today's era of globalization also affect the relationship between Indonesia and Malaysia. As the two allied countries which have a sea and land borders, there are many issues that arise as a result of interaction between citizens of both countries and the issue of political and teritorial issues which sometimes led to tensions between the two countries. In spite of it all there is another problem that is actually more substansial and that is people welfare. Commonly the border region can be regarded as disadvantaged areas, and most of its inhabitants live in poverty. This indicated the failure of both governments take advantage of the potential of natural resources and human resources as well as the geographical conditions that actually have great potential to inprove the well-being of border residents. However, with a good cooperation and mutual benefit in the future pattern of the pattern of bilateral cooperation has a great opportunity in order to improve the welfare of society. ; Opportunities and challenges in today's era of globalization also affect the relationship between Indonesia and Malaysia. As the two allied countries which have a sea and land borders, there are many issues that arise as a result of interaction between citizens of both countries and the issue of political and teritorial issues which sometimes led to tensions between the two countries. In spite of it all there is another problem that is actually more substansial and that is people welfare. Commonly the border region can be regarded as disadvantaged areas, and most of its inhabitants live in poverty. This indicated the failure of both governments take advantage of the potential of natural resources and human resources as well as the geographical conditions that actually have great potential to inprove the well-being of border residents. However, with a good cooperation and mutual benefit in the future pattern of the pattern of bilateral cooperation has a great opportunity in order to improve the welfare of society.

В настоящее время в России, как и в дореволюционной период, актуальна проблема межнациональных отношений, что обусловлено нерешённостью ряда социально-экономических вопросов в условиях современной рыночной экономики (безработица, низкий уровень жизни населения, значительная разница в доходах). Обозначены причины возникновения погромов в конце XIX начале XX вв. как социально-политического явления; определены основные направления противодействия различных политических сил погромам еврейского населения. Рассмотрена тема погромов с точки зрения её генезиса и эволюции, выявлены закономерности и особенности каждого этапа. Метод историко-политического толкования права выразился в изучении правовых явлений в связи с социально-историческими и политическими условиями их генезиса. Выявлены причины и следствия погромов и определено их значение в жизни евреев ; The relevance of the research problem is caused by the fact that currently, as in the pre-revolutionary period in Russia, the problem of interethnic relations is urgent due to a number of unresolved socio-economic issues in the modern market economy (unemployment, low standard of living of the population, a significant difference in income). Nationalist forces seeking power actively use these problems. They are trying to shift the blame for them on the non-Russian population of Russia, in particular the Jews. International conflicts can be attributed to one of the global problems of today. Formation of an adequate state legal policy of interethnic and interfaith issues is important and significant. The purpose is to analyze the causes of the riots in the late XIX early XX centuries as a socio-political phenomenon; to determine the main directions of countering the various political forces in pogroms of the Jewish population. Through the use of the dialectical method of knowledge, it has become able to examine the stated topic in terms of its genesis and evolution, identify patterns and characteristics of each stage. The method of historical and political interpretations of the law has been expressed in the study of legal phenomena in relation to the socio-historical and political conditions of their genesis. The study is planned to summarize the causes and consequences of the pogroms and determine their importance in the life of the Jews

Nigeria's Niger Delta has become a thorny issue in the multidisciplinary intellectual discourse in the sense that local inequalities have assumed global dimensions. Human rights have been violated by the Nigerian government and global multi-national oil companies in such a way that make the Niger delta an environmental disaster zone. This problem has spawned local insurrections in the Niger Delta as multinational oil companies have had to either quit the zone or re-organize their modus operandi, with a general impact on Nigeria's economy. From the time of the state-murdered Ogoni writer and environmentalist, Ken Saro Wiwa and Adaka Boro before him, these problems have been articulated through various forms of political and literary expressions. One of such literary expressions is Arnold Udoka's plays which form the bases for analysis of the issues in this paper. Using the Marxist paradigm which enables inter-disciplinarily, this study takes a deeper look at the many variations of inequalities that have led to the Niger Delta problem. One of such is the gender question in the Niger Delta which Arnold Udoka articulates in Akon, which investigates the place of women in the political liberation of Nigeria, particularly in the Niger Delta region. There is also the Niger Delta question in Long Walk to a Dream which explores the struggle of the people of this region to live a meaningful life in the midst of their environmental challenges. Iyene on the other hand looks at the global dimension of multinational companies and the local elites in resolving the Niger Delta question, which has become a wasteland. This is particularly so because the Nigerian Land Use Act vests the ownership of land on the government which in turn has led to multiple violations of the peoples' rights. It is therefore the position of this paper that the armed struggle, militancy, kidnapping in the Niger Delta are different manifestations of the aspiration of the violated locals for human freedom. Meaningful development and improved political ecology in the region is achievable if democracy and equity subsist both at the level of practice and legislation within and outside the Niger Delta region.

В статье описывается проблема, связанная с законотворческим процессом в сфере уголовно-процессуального законодательства. Выделяются многочисленные промахи и несообразности, которые допускает законодатель в тексте уголовно-процессуального кодекса Российской Федерации из-за несоблюдения требований юридической техники. Понимая, что законодатель никогда не будет застрахован от ошибок в принятии, изменении и отмене норм уголовно-процессуального законодательства наука уголовного процесса разработала и предложила правоприменителю средство разрешения складывающейся проблемной ситуации при применении таких норм в виде коррекционного толкования. С помощью такого вида толкования, такие субъекты уголовного процесса, как дознаватель, следователь, прокурор и суд смогут правильно уяснять смысл ошибочных положений уголовно-процессуального кодекса Российской Федерации, который заложил в них законодатель. Использование коррекционного толкования позволит данным субъектам исправлять, допущенные законодателем в тексте уголовно-процессуального законодательства ошибки технического, смыслового и логического характера, что приведет к правильному применению действующих его положений. ; The article describes the problem associated with the legislative process in the field of criminal procedural legislation. There are numerous blunders and inconsistencies that the legislator admits in the text of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation due to non-compliance with the requirements of legal techniques. Realizing that the legislator will never be immune from mistakes in accepting, changing and abolishing the norms of the criminal procedural legislation, the science of the criminal procedure has developed and offered the law enforcement agent a means of resolving the emerging problem situation when applying such norms in the form of corrective interpretation. With the help of this kind of interpretation, such subjects of the criminal process as the inquirer, investigator, prosecutor and the court will be able to correctly understand the meaning of the erroneous provisions of the criminal procedure code of the Russian Federation, which the legislator laid in them. The use of corrective interpretation will allow these entities to correct the mistakes made by the legislator in the text of criminal procedural legislation of a technical, semantic and logical nature, which will lead to the correct application of its current provisions.

This chapter rests on two assumptions, at least one of which is controversial. The first is that something is wrong when a society imprisons as many people as the United States now does. According to a widely published columnist, George Will, the rate of imprisonment was about 100 per 100,000 Americans until the 1970s. Since then the rate has shot up, to the point where "700 per 100,000" are now in prison; "America," Will reported in 2013, "has nearly 5 percent of the world's population but almost 25 percent of its prisoners." It is possible, of course, that these figures are just where they ought to be, or even too low. When a professed conservative such as Will takes them to be alarming, however, there seems little need to defend the assumption that something is amiss. The second assumption is that the principle of fair play underpins the justification of legal punishment. This assumption is clearly controversial, for only a few scholars nowadays justify punishment in terms of fair play. For present purposes, however, I shall simply point to the defenses I have offered elsewhere and respond to criticisms of the fair-play approach only in passing. In effect, I shall be presenting an oblique defense of this approach by demonstrating how it provides a helpful way of addressing the problem of excessive incarceration. In doing so, I shall also address the concern that democratic societies are especially prone to this problem because of their tendency to foster what has come to be known as penal populism. My argument is that democracy leads to mass imprisonment only when an otherwise democratic polity neglects what Albert Dzur calls the "moral dimension" of democracy: "Because citizens are lawgivers as well as law abiders, they have a special obligation in a republic to be vigilant to the possibility that their laws are unfairly burdening some over others, that their laws are exclusionary or discriminatory." Dzur makes no explicit reference to the principle of fair play here or elsewhere in his book, but I hope to show that the vigilance he calls for requires attention to that principle.

В данной статье приведены результаты исследования, проведённого в сфере установления правовой природы органов конституционного контроля в широком смысле. Исследовано соотношение понятия и органов «контрольной власти» и понятия и органов конституционного контроля. Авторами исследуется место и роль главы государства, прокуратуры и других государственных органов, имеющих контрольные функции в их соотношении с функциями органов конституционного контроля. Эти параллели проведены с учетом того, что Россия является федеративным государством, что усложняет структуру государственного аппарата и распределения функций и полномочий. Необходимым для обоснования выводов в статье стало изучение отдельных исторических аспектов исследуемой проблемы. Соответственно в работе приводятся взгляды русских ученых дореволюционного периода, а также затрагивается вопрос о соотношении используемых в юридической литературе и законодательстве понятий «конституционное правосудие», «конституционное судопроизводство», «конституционный контроль». Существенным является отражение проблемы разделения властей на современном этапе, так как трехчленное деление властей на законодательную, исполнительную и судебную ветви представляется авторам устаревшим. ; Results of a research which is conducted in the field of establishment of the legal nature of bodies of the constitutional control in the broadest sense are given in this article. The ratio of a concept and bodies of "the control power" and a concept and bodies of the constitutional control is investigated. The place and a role of the head of state, prosecutor's office and other state bodies which have control functions in their ratio with functions of bodies of the constitutional control is explored by authors. These parallels are drawn taking into account that Russia is the federal state that complicates structure of government and distribution of functions and powers. Studying of separate historical aspects of the studied problem became necessary in the article for justification of conclusions. Thus, views of the Russian scientists of the pre-revolutionary period are given in work, and also a question of a ratio of concepts which are used in legal literature and the legislation "the constitutional justice", "the constitutional legal proceedings", "the constitutional control", are mentioned. Reflection of the problem of separation of the authorities at the present stage is essential as three-membered division of the authorities into legislative, executive and judicial branches is represented to outdated authors.

Qi-Wei Fu,1,* Yun-Peng Zi,1,* Wei Xu,1 Rong Zhou,1 Zhu-Yun Cai,1 Wei-Jie Zheng,1 Feng Chen,2 Qi-Rong Qian1 1Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 2State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Abstract: Calcium phosphate-based biomaterials have been well studied in biomedical fields due to their outstanding chemical and biological properties which are similar to the inorganic constituents in bone tissue. In this study, amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) nanoparticles were prepared by a precipitation method, and used for preparation of ACP-poly(D,L-lactic acid) (ACP-PLA) nanofibers and water-soluble drug-containing ACP-PLA nanofibers by electrospinning. Promoting the encapsulation efficiency of water-soluble drugs in electrospun hydrophobic polymer nanofibers is a common problem due to the incompatibility between the water-soluble drug molecules and hydrophobic polymers solution. Herein, we used a native biomolecule of lecithin as a biocompatible surfactant to overcome this problem, and successfully prepared water-soluble drug-containing ACP-PLA nanofibers. The lecithin and ACP nanoparticles played important roles in stabilizing water-soluble drug in the electrospinning composite solution. The electrospun drug-containing ACP-PLA nanofibers exhibited fast mineralization in simulated body fluid. The ACP nanoparticles played the key role of seeds in the process of mineralization. Furthermore, the drug-containing ACP-PLA nanofibers exhibited sustained drug release which simultaneously occurred with the in situ mineralization in simulated body fluid. The osteoblast-like (MG63) cells with spreading filopodia were well observed on the as-prepared nanofibrous mats after culturing for 24 hours, indicating a high cytocompatibility. Due to the high biocompatibility, sustained drug release, and fast mineralization, the as-prepared composite nanofibers may have potential applications in water-soluble drug loading and release for tissue engineering. Keywords: calcium phosphate, water-soluble drug, nanofibers, drug release, electrospinning

Background An imbalance of physician supply by medical specialty has been observed in most countries. In Korea, there is a greater tendency to avoid surgical specialties and specialty choices in nonclinical medicine, such as the basic science of medicine. In this study, we identified factors affecting the specialty choice of physicians in order to provide a basis for policies to address this problem. Methods We used the results of a 2013 nationwide survey of 12 709 medical students (82.7 % responded) to analyze the data of 9499 students after excluding missing data. Descriptive analyses of all students' specialty choice were performed. Logistic regression was performed by selecting gender, age, grade level, type of medical school, hometown, and the location of the medical school as the independent variables. Medical specialty was the dependent variable. The dependent variable, or specialty of medicine, was categorized into three groups: nonclinical/clinical medicine, surgical-medical specialty, and controllable lifestyle specialty. Results The order of preferred medical specialties was internal medicine, psychiatry, and pediatrics; for surgical specialties, the order was orthopedic surgery, general surgery, and ophthalmology. Medical specialties were most favored by women and students in the third (men) and second (women) year of the medical program, whereas surgical specialties were most preferred by men and students in the first year of the program. Students in the third year mostly favored nonclinical medicine. Medical college students had a stronger preference for nonclinical medicine (odds ratio [OR] 1.625, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.139–2.318) than graduate medical school students. Surgical specialties were more favored by men (OR 2.537, 95 % CI 2.296–2.804) than by women. However, they were favored less by medical college students (OR 0.885, 95 % CI 0.790–0.991) than by graduate medical school students and by medical students in metropolitan areas (OR 0.892, 95 % CI 0.806–0.988) than by medical students in nonmetropolitan areas. A controllable lifestyle specialty was less favored by men (OR 0.802, 95 % CI 0.730–0.881) than by women. Conclusions Based on these results, we can evaluate the effectiveness of the government's educational policies for solving the imbalance of physician supply and provide empirical evidence to understand and solve this problem.