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During the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the COVIDiSTRESS Consortium launched an open-access global survey to understand and improve individuals' experiences related to the crisis. A year later, we extended this line of research by launching a new survey to address the dynamic landscape of the pandemic. This survey was released with the goal of addressing diversity, equity, and inclusion by working with over 150 researchers across the globe who collected data in 48 languages and dialects across 137 countries. The resulting cleaned dataset described here includes 15,740 of over 20,000 responses. The dataset allows cross-cultural study of psychological wellbeing and behaviours a year into the pandemic. It includes measures of stress, resilience, vaccine attitudes, trust in government and scientists, compliance, and information acquisition and misperceptions regarding COVID-19. Open-access raw and cleaned datasets with computed scores are available. Just as our initial COVIDiSTRESS dataset has facilitated government policy decisions regarding health crises, this dataset can be used by researchers and policy makers to inform research, decisions, and policy.

AbstractThis paper contains a sketch of a generalized systems theory in order to deal with the so‐called "subsymbolic" models, whose implicit informational content cannot be made entirely explicit in a reasonable amount of time. To deal with such a situation, a new "genetic" approach has been proposed, in which the researcher manages a "population" of models, instead of a single one. The systemic modeling activity thus become equivalent to an evolutionary dynamics of this population, driven by suitable "genetic" rules and satisfying some fitness criteria. Some concrete examples are presented to this regard, so that a rigorous formalization of this new type of systems theory becomes possible, opening the way for a semi‐automatized application to the modeling of economic, social, and psychological systems, where we deal with organized complexity.

Nigusie Shifera Aylie,1 Mengistu Ayenew Mekonen,2 Rahel Matiyas Mekuria3 1Nursing Department, College of Health Science, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia; 2Public Health Department, College of Health Science, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia; 3Psychology Department, College of Social Science and Humanity, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Nigusie Shifera Aylie Email nigusieshifera@gmail.comBackground: Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that cause a wide range of illness from the common cold to more severe diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic is a public emergency of international concern that affects several nations. The widespread outbreak of COVID-19 virus has brought not only the risk of death but also major psychological pressure. However, the psychological impact on university students has not been studied in Ethiopia.Objective: To assess the psychological impacts of COVID-19 pandemic among university students in Bench-Sheko Zone, South-west, Ethiopia, 2020.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 15 to June 15/2020. A systematic sampling technique was employed to select the study participants. The data were entered into EpiData 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 24 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify candidates and independent factors respectively. Independent factors of depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed using AORs with 95% confidence level at P-value < 0.05 cut point.Results: Three hundred and twenty-two university students were included with a 97.5% response rate. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 21.2%, 27.7%, and 32.5%, respectively. Being female, staying at home, history of medical illness, and poor and moderate social support increased the risk of depression. Not living with their parents, relatives got coronavirus and low family income were risk factors for anxiety. Moreover, substance use, depression, anxiety, and poor social support were increasing the risk of stress among university students.Conclusions and Recommendations: This study revealed a higher prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among university students. Thus, governments and policy makers should develop health system strategies to provide crisis-oriented psychological services for university students to minimize the mental health impact of the outbreak.Keywords: psychology, COVID-19, impact, coronavirus

Combining economic, social-psychological and sociological approaches to trust, this book provides a general theoretical framework to causally explain conditional and unconditional trust; it also presents an experimental test of the corresponding integrative model and its predictions. Broadly, it aims at advancing a cognitive turn in trust research by highlighting the importance of (1) an actor's context-dependent definition of the situation and (2) the flexible and dynamic degree of rationality involved. In essence, trust is as "multi-faceted" as there are cognitive routes that take us to the choice of a trusting act. Therefore, variable rationality has to be incorporated as an orthogonal dimension to the typological space of trust. The theory presents an analytically tractable model; the empirical test combines trust games, high- and low-incentive conditions, framing manipulations, and psychometric measurements, and is complemented by decision-time analyses.

This case study reflects on research which explored the relationship between major mental illness and masculinity in the context of violent offending behavior. Studies which examine violence by the mentally disordered largely look to mental illness as an explanation, yet more recently research has given attention to other criminological factors when considering violent offending in this context. Masculinity is one theoretical framework which could contribute to our understandings here, given the wealth of literature which associates the construction and maintenance of a masculine identity with violent acts. My research uses a qualitative, life-history-focused interview approach to compare and contrast the experiences and violent offending histories of patients in a secure psychiatric hospital and prisoners in an adult male prison. I began the research with an awareness that ethics and access processes would be a significant barrier to overcome in carrying out the project. As the research went on, I became aware of just how central wider power dynamics and interactions were to projects of this nature, particularly given the focus on violence. This case study will highlight some of the ways in which institutional, interviewer, and interviewee power can shape qualitative research and some reflections on how this was managed in my project.

Political Internet memes significantly contribute to discourse around contemporary events. By studying memes, scholars understand these 'units of culture' as forms of participatory content that can fulfill political functions. To explore whether users ascribe memes a political role and consider them an alternative to or supplement of traditional political participation, this study provides a user-centered perspective focusing on core motives of meme use. Via a Delphi method interview approach, participants discuss uses and gratifications of memes in political contexts. A qualitative content analysis provides insight into the role and impact of memes in social movements and everyday politics. The findings show that users perceive memes as a tool for easy, effortless engagement in the public sphere driven by the interplay of self-expression, social identity, and entertainment motives. Participants also discuss potentials and limitations of memes in political contexts, concluding that political memes can only support other efforts. The study contributes to our understanding of memes from a psychological perspective and establishes a basis for further research on deliberative political practices from a user perspective.

Abstract. The last several decades have witnessed a substantial increase in the number of individuals suffering from both diagnosable and subsyndromal mental health problems. Consequently, the development of cost-effective treatment methods, accessible to large populations suffering from different forms of mental health problems, became imperative. A very promising intervention is the method of expressive writing (EW), which may be used in both clinically diagnosable cases and subthreshold symptomatology. This method, in which people express their feelings and thoughts related to stressful situations in writing, has been found to improve participants' long-term psychological, physiological, behavioral, and social functioning. Based on a thorough analysis and synthesis of the published literature (also including most recent meta-analyses), the present paper presents the expressive writing method, its short- and long-term, intra-and interpersonal effects, different situations and conditions in which it has been proven to be effective, the most important mechanisms implied in the process of recovery, advantages, disadvantages, and possible pitfalls of the method, as well as variants of the original technique and future research directions.

An experiment was conducted to determine right-left preferences in apartment floor plans. Subjects presented mirror image pairs of floor plans demonstrated a strong tendency to select those floor plans with the living room in the far right, rather than the far left, corner. A theoretical interpretation and suggestions for future research are discussed.