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One issue the literature neglects is how outsourcing stimulates trade (imports, exports and foreign direct investment), thereby affecting political relations. However, at least as far back as 1750, economic philosophers such as Baron de Montesquieu in his L?Esprit des Lois, argued, ?peace is the natural effect of trade.? This paper first reviews this literature and then presents econometric evidence. The evidence integrates political international relations events data with economics data on bilateral trade. The resulting econometric models show that trade between nations fosters more peaceful dyadic relations.

I doubt very much if I can effectively shovel any more platitudes on the huge heap of them that have been piled on Canadian-American relations in the past. I will, however, do my best to produce a few more. I have been lured on to this platform by nothing more worthy than personal vanity, and, since accepting the invitation, I have been regretting my weakness. There is nothing I can add to this subject that has not been said, in one or another form, a score, a hundred times, before. Yet here I am, pretending to have a thesis, and I suppose I had better produce one.What I have to say, such as it is, is addressed to persons my own age or older, and I was 59 last April. Younger persons, or most of them, will wonder what all the shouting is about—if there is any shouting; and I would suggest to the programme committee of this association that they might consider having a repetition of this paper next year, or the year after, read to them by somebody who is 29, and not 59 years of age. The effect, at least on the older members, might be salutary and perhaps even startling.The reason why I make this suggestion is that I was brought up in an old school, a school which thought about Canadian-American relations in a context very different from that which has become necessary now. It was a school in which one of the great teachers was John W. Dafoe, who was my master for 20 years and whose memory I will honour for whatever years are left to me. But the cardinal thesis of that school was that, at all costs, Canada had to fight its way out from under the traditional influence of British imperialist and colonial rule; and that one of the best ways of doing it was to use the influence of the United States as a counter-balance against the pressure from Westminster.

The purpose of this paper is to present the general lines of development of Byzantine–Serbian political relations, taking into consideration their dynamic component, as an introduction to the chapters that follow, which are dedicated to a more detailed analysis of the archeological aspects of the cultural spreading of Byzantine civilisation, also in its variable space, a spreading that marked the long medieval period in Serbia, with influences that survived in the times which followed. Political relations, complex in their syndromic and synergic nature, due, understandably, to the limited space of the volume, have been constrained to the exposition of the main elements concerning relations between the states and rulers in the field of political practice and political conceptions, as well as to the important events from state and church history. For the same reason, the bibliography has been reduced to the more recent historiographical production in which older references and the knowledge of previous generations have been incorporated ; Published on the occasion of the 23rd international congress of Byzantine studies