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Résumé Ce texte aborde la façon dont l'identité disciplinaire de l'anthropologie, qui s'est historiquement affirmée en Europe comme étude des Autres, par opposition à la sociologie, se trouve aujourd'hui questionnée par les transformations de la profession d'anthropologue. Par contraste avec l'anthropologie britannique, il réfléchit à ce que signifie le fait de prendre pour objet son propre pays, en évoquant le développement de l'anthropologie et de la sociologie en Inde.

The influence of French intellectual thought on anthropology worldwide has been immense. This set of outstanding essays examines the influence of Lévi-Strauss, internal debates concerning anthropology's place within French culture, the way that anthropologists in France approach the dilemmas of practising in a globalized world, and the shifting relationship between anthropology and museums. They also contain a highly stimulating discussion of how anthropology 'at home' has a particular trajectory in France. Together, they allow us to appreciate better why France has been such a stimulating laboratory for anthropological thought and why it is likely to remain so in the future. Indeed, leading figures have emerged there not only because of the brilliance of French academic culture, but also because of a specific readiness to combine an interest in public life and philosophy with anthropology. A splendid volume: extremely informative and very clearly written. The editor and the authors are to be congratulated on the way they have worked up the material into a coherent account of the contemporary French anthropological scene. It provides a model for subsequent works in the series, and a model too in general for how to make a collection of essays into a good book. Tim Jenkins, Reader in Anthropology and Religion, University of Cambridge This compelling book provides rich insight into the traditions and institutions of French anthropology, and a unique perspective on the new theoretical approaches that are shaping the discipline's renewal after Lévi-Strauss. Marc Abélès, Director of Research, CNRS; Director of Studies, EHESS

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: Anthropology and the Government of ''Natives,'' a Comparative Approach -- Rationalizing Colonial Domination? Anthropology and Native Policy in French-Ruled Africa -- ''The Good-Hearted Portuguese People'': Anthropology of Nation, Anthropology of Empire -- Vichy France and the End of Scientific Folklore (1937–1954) -- From Nation to Empire: War and National Character Studies in the United States -- Anthropology at the End of Empire: The Rise and Fall of the Colonial Social Sciences Research Council, 1944–1962 -- Bordering on Anthropology: Dialectics of a National Tradition in Mexico -- Indigenism in Brazil: The International Migration of State Policies -- The Anthropologist as Expert: Brazilian Ethnology between Indianism and Indigenism -- Anthropology, Development, and Nongovernmental Organizations in Latin America -- The Ethnologist and the Architect: A Postcolonial Experiment in the French Pacific -- ''Today We Have Naming of Parts'': The Work of Anthropologists in Southern Africa -- References -- Contributors -- Index