This paper uses a data set of freehold land and property transactions from medieval England to highlight the growing commercialization of the economy during that time. By drawing on the legal records, we are able to demonstrate that the medieval real estate market provided the opportunity for investors to profit. Careful analysis of the data provides evidence of group purchases, multiple transactions, and investors buying outside their own localities. The identification of these "investors" and their buying behaviors, set within the context of the English medieval economy, contributes to the early commercialization debate.
Drawing on an array of archival evidence from court records to the poems of Chaucer, this work explores how medieval thinkers understood economic activity, how their ideas were transmitted and the extent to which they were accepted. Moving beyond the impersonal operations of an economy to its ethical dimension, Hole socio-cultural study considers not only the ideas and beliefs of theologians and philosophers, but how these influenced assumptions and preoccupations about material concerns in late medieval English society. Beginning with late medieval English writings on economic ethics and its origins, the author illuminates a society which, although strictly hierarchical and unequal, nevertheless fostered expectations that all its members should avoid greed and excess consumption. Throughout, Hole aims to show that economic ethics had a broader application than trade and usury in late medieval England.
"This major survey of political life in late medieval Europe - the first for more than thirty years - provides an entirely new framework for understanding the developments that shaped this turbulent period. Rather than emphasising crisis, decline, disorder or the birth of the modern state, this account centres on the mixed results of political and governmental growth across the continent. The age of the Hundred Years War, schism and revolt was also a time of rapid growth in jurisdiction, taxation and representation, of spreading literacy and evolving political technique. This mixture of state formation and political convulsion lay at the heart of the 'making of polities'. Offering a full introduction to political events and processes from the fourteenth century to the sixteenth, this book combines a broad, comparative account with discussion of individual regions and states, including eastern and northern Europe alongside the more familiar west and south."--Publisher description
Ziel der Untersuchung ist es, Licht auf den europäischen Hexenwahn des 14. und 15. Jahrhunderts zu werfen. Hierzu werden zwei Gruppen von Theorien evaluiert. Es wird deutlich, daß es unterschiedliche Muster der Hexenverfolgung vor und nach dem Jahr 1420 gibt und daß unterschiedliche Regionen von demographischen Faktoren beeinflußte Muster von Hexerei aufweisen. Diese demographischen Faktoren beziehen sich auf das Zusammenspiel von urbanen Charakteristika und Hexenjagd. Weitere Forschungsanstrengungen sollten die Rolle von Urbanisierungsprozessen bei der Analyse der Hexenverfolgung stärker berücksichtigen. (ICEÜbers)
This is the first book to draw together the rich and growing literature on the life cycle in Western Europe, c.1300-c.1500. In discussing life's stages, from birth to death, the study explores attitudes towards ageing, rites of passage, and the influence played by gender, class and regional location.
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From the 14th century to the first two decades of the 16th century, vast historical urban expansion took place in Emilia-Romagna, mainly due to offensives by lords and the reassertion of pontifical prerogatives. The aim of the paper is to analyze the evolution of the way history is told by chroniclers as well as their sensibilities. For this, we focused on seventy chronicles written in Rimini, Cesena, Forli, Bologna, Modena, Reggio-Emilia and Ferrara. First, the authors, the outline of the texts and their evolution are presented. Then the paper sheds light on the political stakes behind the original stories. Subsequently, the geographical location of the chroniclers is considered to analyze their points of view on their cities and, more widely, on the world. Images lead to other considerations: messages of the drawings inserted in the manuscripts, margin iconography, visual communication in the city, and icons of the power. Analysis of the descriptions of power holders gives an overview of the chroniclers' criticisms and praises. Finally we reveal how the city and the societies in transformation are evoked in the 15th and 16th centuries. ; L'Émilie-Romagne, entre offensives seigneuriales et réaffirmation des prérogatives pontificales, connaît une abondante production historique citadine du XIVe siècle aux deux premières décennies du XVIe siècle. La transformation de l'écriture de l'histoire et la sensibilité des chroniqueurs sont analysées à partir de soixante-dix chroniques issues de Rimini, Césène, Forli, Bologne, Modène, Reggio Emilia et Ferrare.Après avoir présenté les auteurs, la forme des textes et leur évolution, l'étude expose les enjeux politiques des histoires des origines. L'espace est ensuite considéré afin de préciser le regard porté par ces chroniqueurs sur leur cité et, de là, sur l'espace régional et sur le monde. Les images ouvrent une autre dimension de la pensée des auteurs. Les messages des dessins insérés dans les manuscrits ainsi que l'iconographie des marges, la communication par l'image ...
From the 14th century to the first two decades of the 16th century, vast historical urban expansion took place in Emilia-Romagna, mainly due to offensives by lords and the reassertion of pontifical prerogatives. The aim of the paper is to analyze the evolution of the way history is told by chroniclers as well as their sensibilities. For this, we focused on seventy chronicles written in Rimini, Cesena, Forli, Bologna, Modena, Reggio-Emilia and Ferrara. First, the authors, the outline of the texts and their evolution are presented. Then the paper sheds light on the political stakes behind the original stories. Subsequently, the geographical location of the chroniclers is considered to analyze their points of view on their cities and, more widely, on the world. Images lead to other considerations: messages of the drawings inserted in the manuscripts, margin iconography, visual communication in the city, and icons of the power. Analysis of the descriptions of power holders gives an overview of the chroniclers' criticisms and praises. Finally we reveal how the city and the societies in transformation are evoked in the 15th and 16th centuries. ; L'Émilie-Romagne, entre offensives seigneuriales et réaffirmation des prérogatives pontificales, connaît une abondante production historique citadine du XIVe siècle aux deux premières décennies du XVIe siècle. La transformation de l'écriture de l'histoire et la sensibilité des chroniqueurs sont analysées à partir de soixante-dix chroniques issues de Rimini, Césène, Forli, Bologne, Modène, Reggio Emilia et Ferrare.Après avoir présenté les auteurs, la forme des textes et leur évolution, l'étude expose les enjeux politiques des histoires des origines. L'espace est ensuite considéré afin de préciser le regard porté par ces chroniqueurs sur leur cité et, de là, sur l'espace régional et sur le monde. Les images ouvrent une autre dimension de la pensée des auteurs. Les messages des dessins insérés dans les manuscrits ainsi que l'iconographie des marges, la communication par l'image dans la ville et les icônes du pouvoir sont ainsi interprétés. L'analyse du discours tenu sur les hommes de pouvoir complète l'approche permettant d'appréhender les clichés, les critiques et les représentations des auteurs. Les manifestations du pouvoir viennent clore l'étude. L'évocation de la ville et de la société par les chroniqueurs écrivant entre la fin du XVe siècle et le XVIe siècle, est abordée pour finir. ; L'Emilia Romagna, tra offensive delle signorie e riaffermazione delle prerogative pontifice, conosce una abbondante produzione storica cittadina dal XIV secolo fino ai primi due decenni del XVI secolo. La trasformazione della scrittura della storia e la sensibilità dei cronisti sono analizzati a partire dalle settanta cronache redatte a Rimini, a Cesena, Forlì, Bologna, Modena, Reggio Emilia e Ferrara. Dopo aver presentato gli autori, la forma dei testi e la loro evoluzione, lo studio espone le scommesse (o poste) politiche delle storie delle origini. Lo spazio è poi considerato per precisare lo sguardo che questi cronisti rivolgono alla loro città e, di qui, sullo spazio della loro regione e sul mondo. Le immagini autorizzano inoltre altre considerazioni. Vengono interpretati i messaggi veicolati dai disegni inseriti nei manoscritti, l'iconografia dei margini, la comunicazione attraverso l'immagine nella città e le icone del potere. L'analisi del discorso tenuto sugli uomini di potere completa l'approccio permettendo di cogliere critiche e lodi dei cronisti. Viene affrontata, poi, la rievocazione della città e di una società in trasformazione fatta dagli autori che scrivono tra la fine del XV e il XVI secolo.
From the 14th century to the first two decades of the 16th century, vast historical urban expansion took place in Emilia-Romagna, mainly due to offensives by lords and the reassertion of pontifical prerogatives. The aim of the paper is to analyze the evolution of the way history is told by chroniclers as well as their sensibilities. For this, we focused on seventy chronicles written in Rimini, Cesena, Forli, Bologna, Modena, Reggio-Emilia and Ferrara. First, the authors, the outline of the texts and their evolution are presented. Then the paper sheds light on the political stakes behind the original stories. Subsequently, the geographical location of the chroniclers is considered to analyze their points of view on their cities and, more widely, on the world. Images lead to other considerations: messages of the drawings inserted in the manuscripts, margin iconography, visual communication in the city, and icons of the power. Analysis of the descriptions of power holders gives an overview of the chroniclers' criticisms and praises. Finally we reveal how the city and the societies in transformation are evoked in the 15th and 16th centuries. ; L'Émilie-Romagne, entre offensives seigneuriales et réaffirmation des prérogatives pontificales, connaît une abondante production historique citadine du XIVe siècle aux deux premières décennies du XVIe siècle. La transformation de l'écriture de l'histoire et la sensibilité des chroniqueurs sont analysées à partir de soixante-dix chroniques issues de Rimini, Césène, Forli, Bologne, Modène, Reggio Emilia et Ferrare.Après avoir présenté les auteurs, la forme des textes et leur évolution, l'étude expose les enjeux politiques des histoires des origines. L'espace est ensuite considéré afin de préciser le regard porté par ces chroniqueurs sur leur cité et, de là, sur l'espace régional et sur le monde. Les images ouvrent une autre dimension de la pensée des auteurs. Les messages des dessins insérés dans les manuscrits ainsi que l'iconographie des marges, la communication par l'image dans la ville et les icônes du pouvoir sont ainsi interprétés. L'analyse du discours tenu sur les hommes de pouvoir complète l'approche permettant d'appréhender les clichés, les critiques et les représentations des auteurs. Les manifestations du pouvoir viennent clore l'étude. L'évocation de la ville et de la société par les chroniqueurs écrivant entre la fin du XVe siècle et le XVIe siècle, est abordée pour finir. ; L'Emilia Romagna, tra offensive delle signorie e riaffermazione delle prerogative pontifice, conosce una abbondante produzione storica cittadina dal XIV secolo fino ai primi due decenni del XVI secolo. La trasformazione della scrittura della storia e la sensibilità dei cronisti sono analizzati a partire dalle settanta cronache redatte a Rimini, a Cesena, Forlì, Bologna, Modena, Reggio Emilia e Ferrara. Dopo aver presentato gli autori, la forma dei testi e la loro evoluzione, lo studio espone le scommesse (o poste) politiche delle storie delle origini. Lo spazio è poi considerato per precisare lo sguardo che questi cronisti rivolgono alla loro città e, di qui, sullo spazio della loro regione e sul mondo. Le immagini autorizzano inoltre altre considerazioni. Vengono interpretati i messaggi veicolati dai disegni inseriti nei manoscritti, l'iconografia dei margini, la comunicazione attraverso l'immagine nella città e le icone del potere. L'analisi del discorso tenuto sugli uomini di potere completa l'approccio permettendo di cogliere critiche e lodi dei cronisti. Viene affrontata, poi, la rievocazione della città e di una società in trasformazione fatta dagli autori che scrivono tra la fine del XV e il XVI secolo.
