Армянская община Германии представляет собой конгломерат мигрантов из самых разных стран мира, в основном – выходцев из постсоветского простран- ства и стран Ближнего Востока. Несмотря на свою немногочисленность, в последние годы немецким армянам удалось превратиться в достаточно мощ- ную общественно-политическую силу, способную на равных конкурировать с самой многочисленной группой иностранцев – немецкими турками. Взаимо- отношения армян с властями ФРГ переживают период подъема. Хотя до сих пор одним из наиболее острых вопросов этих взаимоотношений остается воп- рос признания Германией Геноцида армян, армянская община Германии и на этом сложном поле достигла существенных успехов. ; Migration of Armenians to Germany during XX was conditioned by political and military cataclysms: Armenian Genocide in Turkey, World War II, the civil war in Lebanon, Islamic revolution in Iran as well as the collapse of the Soviet Union. Up-to-date Armenian community may be divided into four main parts: emigrants from Turkey, emigrants from Iran, emigrants from Armenia and emigrants from the Post Soviet countries as a result of which the Armenian Diaspora of Germany, consisting of about 40 thousand people, is quite a heterogeneous formation, which sometimes makes it difficult for its representatives to communicate. The main difficulties the Armenian community in Germany face are of financial character – the German government shows no support to Armenians in teaching native language and culture, and all the activities in this direction are carried out on a voluntary basis. The attempt of Armenians to be provided by government subsidies per sample the support offered to Jewish cultural projects are still a poor success. The main problem of political character overshadowing relations between the Armenian and German authorities is the latter's unwillingness to recognize Armenian Genocide by the Ottoman Empire. The course adopted by German government on coaxing the Turks inhabited in the country as well as German authorities' unwillingness «to belittle» the significance of Holocaust have led to the problem that up till now the word «genocide» is not used in official documents reflecting Germany's position to Armenian Genocide. Only in 2005 one could notice certain softening in Germany's position, when Bundestag adopted a resolution condemning «mass massacre» of Armenians in Turkey, however, final settlement of this problem is still far to be reached. However, the perspective of Turkey's membership to the EU, and accordingly, its readiness to compromise in this issue, provides Germany considerable freedom to maneuver and in case of the Armenian community's skillful actions, the Germany is quite probable to change its position to satisfy the Armenian party, and the influence of the Armenian community (at least in some important issues for it) may be compared with the influence of multimillion Turkish population in Germany.
The culture history of the valley of Cuzco prior to the rise of the Incas is being revealed by twelve years of fieldwork at the site of Chokepukio. Located in the Lucre Basin at the eastern end of the valley, Chokepukio contains the only surviving monumental architecture of Late Intermediate Period Cuzco. Excavations in a series of large niched structures on the site reveals that they functioned as feasting halls. Quantities of polychrome ceramic serving and feasting vessels and high quality sumptuary goods reveal that elite individuals were involved in the rituals and feasts carried out there. The presence of elaborate water works and human burials in the halls seems to suggest that they functioned as lineage halls for feasting ancestors. The plan of the architecture and overall structure of the site together with radiocarbon dating suggests that a complex polity was centered at Chokepukio for three to four centuries between the fall of the Wari Empire and the rise of the Incas. This polity provided an essential continuity of statecraft and preserved infrastructure. The Incas' meteoric rise was surely due to their genesis in a more politically complex environment than previously believed. ; El proceso de la historia cultural del valle del Cuzco antes del ascenso de los incas está saliendo a la luz gracias a 12 años de trabajo de campo en el sitio de Chokepukio. Ubicado en la cuenca de Lucre, en el extremo este del valle, Chokepukio contiene la única arquitectura monumental superviviente del Periodo Intermedio Tardío en el Cuzco. Las excavaciones en una serie de grandes estructuras con nichos revelan que estas funcionaron como galpones destinados para rituales y fiestas. La presencia de cantidades de vasijas polícromas de servicio y ceremoniales, así como de bienes suntuarios de alta calidad demuestran que individuos de elite se vieron involucrados en diversos actos rituales y festines realizados en ese lugar. De la misma manera, la presencia de obras hidráulicas elaboradas y entierros humanos en los muros parecen sugerir que estos tuvieron la función de edificios propios de linajes para rendir culto a sus ancestros. El plano de planta de la arquitectura y la estructura general, así como los fechados radiocarbónicos aluden a que una entidad política compleja tuvo su sede en Chokepukio durante tres o cuatro siglos entre la caída del imperio wari y el ascenso de los incas. Esta entidad política proporciona un caso de continuidad esencial en el manejo administrativo y una infraestructura preservada. El ascenso meteórico de los incas se debió, con seguridad, a que su génesis se dio en un ambiente políticamente más complejo de lo que se había creído antes.
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been defined by the World Health Organization as: "exogenous substances or mixtures that alters function(s) of the endocrine system and causes adverse health effects in an intact organism, or its progeny, or (sub)populations". Synthetic, as well as, naturally occurring chemicals can disrupt the endocrine system. EDCs can exert their effect through multiple mechanisms. For example, compounds can bind to a steroid hormone receptor and subsequently block or induce the response. Estrogenic effects of chemicals have been subject of extensive research during the past decades. Interactions with the estrogen receptor (ER) could possibly lead to adverse effects in the human body and therefore, in the US, companies are obliged to test their compounds for estrogenic effects before being allowed to bring the product onto the market. In Japan and Europe, legislation forcing companies to perform tests for estrogenicity is being introduced. However, recently studies on chemicals affecting estrogen biosynthesis have attracted increasing attention. By enhancing estrogen synthesis, chemicals exert an indirect estrogenic effect. Estrogens play an important role in breast cancer development. Malignant tumors of the mammary gland are the most common type of cancer in women. Approximately 60% of all breast tumors are estrogen-responsive and depend on estrogens for growth. Therefore, chemicals that show estrogenic properties might be able to interfere with breast tumor growth. Epithelial breast tumor cells express ERs on their cell membrane to which endogenous and/or exogenous estrogens can bind. Connective tissue surrounding the tumor cells are able to produce estrogens through the aromatase aromatase enzyme. Aromatase activity is in turn increased by factors that are secreted by the epithelial tumor cells. In this way, a positive feedback loop is established, resulting in rapid growth of the tumor. This thesis describes estrogenic effects of frequently used UV-filters. Our studies showed that daily exposure to UV-filters through sunscreen products could possibly lead to estrogenic effects in humans. Methyl sulfonyl PCB-metabolites inhibit aromatase activity in primary human mammary connective tissue. Furthermore, several pesticides either induce or inhibit aromatase activity in human or rat cell lines. The R2C rat Leydig cell carcinoma cell line is suitable for detection of aromatase inhibitors and the H295R human adrenocortical carcinoma cell line is suitable to test for the detection of both inducers and inhibitors of aromatase activity. Increased estrogenic effects after aromatase induction and increased aromatase gene transcription after exposure to estrogenic compounds, suggest the presence of paracrine interactions between two cell types in our co-culture of MCF-7 human malignant breast tumor cells and primary human mammary fibroblasts. Indirect estrogenic effects caused by induction of aromatase activity should be considered when testing for estrogenic effects of compounds.
Since the mid‐1980s, the economy of the Republic of Ireland has displayed a remarkable turnaround. Its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has grown at a faster rate than any developed country in the world. The government's deficit has been cut severely and the debt‐to‐GDP ration sharply reduced. Average incomes have risen significantly, and the unemployment rate reduced dramatically. This article documents these changes.Its main purpose, however, is to provide a plausible explanation for the "Irish miracle." While many factors have been important—support for the Economic Union's regional development programs, a favorable tax structure, locational and language advantages for attracting multinational corporations, strong education and training programs—these factors in themselves do not explain the emergence of the "Celtic tiger." They were in place before the mid‐1980s when Ireland was suffering from a fiscal, economic, and political crisis.Instead, the article argues, it was the creative and innovative response of Irish leaders in government, industry, and labor movement and community organizations to the crisis, and the subsequent institutionalization of this response in a new form of governance, that has been the catalyst for the Irish success story. Based on the thorough background research of the Economic and Social Research Council, a farsighted group of leaders developed a strategic plan in 1987 that provided a blueprint for constructive economic and social change. This was then formally instituted for wage restraint on the part of labor in return for income tax and social supposed provisions by government.Irish social Partnership is modeled to some extent on Northern European corporatism. The article reviews corporatism as an early form of innovative governance, using classical corporatism in Sweden and competitive corporatism in the Netherlands to illustrate how this approach has evolved over the years. Dutch economic success in recent years is due in part to its new form of corporatism that has helped it become globally competitive. It is argued, however, that Irish social partnership goes beyond continental corporatism in several important ways. It is more inclusive, covering a large array of social interests; it is more strategic, with a well‐articulated integrated approach to social and economic development that is self‐corrective and articulated in a new national agreement every three years; and it is more firmly institutionalized in both government and nongovernment agencies in the country. Social partnership and the integrated approach have become part of the culture of the new Ireland. This innovative form of governance underlies the Irish turnaround and augurs well for the future. It can also serve as a model, with appropriate modification tailor‐made to each case, for other jurisdictions hoping to emulate Ireland's success.
Partindo de um conceito amplo de política -- que transcende a mera luta pelo poder e se identifica com prática humano-social com propósito de tornar possível a convivência entre grupos e pessoas -- o artigo elabora um conceito também amplo de democracia que, não se restringindo à sua conotação apenas parlamentar ou eleitoral, é entendida como prática social pela qual se constrói a convivência pacífica e livre entre indivíduos e grupos que se afirmam como sujeitos históricos. A seguir, tomada como atualização histórico-cultural, pela qual se processa a construção do homem histórico pela apropriação da cultura, a educação tem destacada sua dimensão política precisamente por essa capacidade de propiciar ao ser humano sua condição histórica e plural, pela qual ele necessariamente deve conviver com outros sujeitos individuais e coletivos. Ao analisar a forma dialógica e reforçadora da subjetividade do educando pela qual a autêntica educação precisa desenvolver-se para ser coerente com sua função de construtora do homem histórico, o trabalho procura evidenciar o caráter do processo educativo não apenas como prática política mas também como prática intrinsecamente democrática. A partir desse quadro, o artigo considera as implicações dessa condição política e democrática para a qualidade do ensino, para a prática administrativa escolar e para os estudos de administração escolar. ; Starting from a broad conception of politics - transcending the mere struggle for power, and identifying politics with a human-social practice that has the purpose of making possible the living together of groups and people - the article elaborates an equally broad concept of democracy that, not being restricted to its parliamentary or electoral meaning, is understood as a social practice that builds the free and peaceful coexistence of individuals and groups that assert themselves as historical agents. Taken then as a historical-cultural actualization through which takes place the construction of the historical man through the acquisition of culture, education has its political dimension highlighted precisely because of this ability to endow the human being with their historical and plural condition, due to which they necessarily have to live with other individuals and groups. By analyzing the dialogic and reinforcing character of the subjectivity of the educated, through which the authentic education must take place in order to be coherent with its function of builder of the historical man, the work seeks to bring forward the nature of the education process not just as political practice but also as an intrinsically democratic practice. Within this framework the article considers the implications of this political and democratic condition to the quality of teaching, to the school management practice, and to the studies in school management.
The close relationship between creative and technical process in Photography has been considered as an important fact in renewing the traditional knowledge of the art. From this point of view, recent historiography takes for granted that Photography has broken the limits of those subjects which are considered as artistic and has broadened the range to include everything stemming from modern visual culture related to the Media. It has been supposed that Photography had opened a "democratic" era of the art (both from the point of view of consume and creation), where chance and automatism creative have the highest importance, to the detriment of personal inspiration, which the fact of Benjamin´s theory of "aura" considers to be an aristocratic remain of the times before the Vanguards. This article proposes that this approach is not only untrue historically but that it is also far from describing the present situation of modern art. Like at the beginning of photography, when mechanical deed was an obstacle for the artistic recognition of the new invention, artistic photography is nowadays exhibited in galleries and museums, rather than the places which theoretically were supposed to be its natural medium of showing: the Media. The Boris Groys´ ideas about the new aristocratic vision of contemporary photographers support the need to revise what is considered artistic in Photography. ; Parte de la novedad que aporta la fotografía con respecto a las artes plásticas tradicionales se basa en la estrecha unión entre creatividad y técnica que garantiza el elemento mecánico del medio. Fundándose en esta realidad, una buena parte de la historiografía ha dado por supuesto que la fotografía anunciaba una era democrática del arte (tanto desde el punto de vista creativo como del consumo) basada en el azar y el automatismo, y por este motivo, despojada de todo elemento personal que, según la visión benjaminiana del "aura", quedaba asociado a la tradición aristocrática del arte anterior a la Vanguardia. El artículo analiza cómo este planteamiento no sólo no responde a la realidad de los comienzos (cuando el factor mecánico era un obstáculo para que la fotografía se considerara arte), sino que está también muy lejos de reflejar la realidad actual del arte moderno, una vez que la fotografía vuelve a convocar masas de espectadores a las salas de exposiciones y museos, lugares que teóricamente no le corresponderían. Las declaraciones recientes de Boris Groys sobre la mirada aristocrática de los fotógrafos contemporáneos vienen a respaldar la necesidad de una revisión profunda de lo que se considera artístico en fotografía.
На основе архивных и опубликованных материалов освещаются особенности функционирования бытовой инфраструктуры Горно-Алтайской автономной области. Показывается уровень обслуживания, качество предоставляемых населению бытовых услуг, изменение форм организации бытовой сферы. ; In 1960th the party proclaimed the increase of well-being of the people to be the main task. Congresses demanded to carry out economy turn to the decision of diverse problems of increase of material security of the population. The considerable role in the decision of these problems was taken away to consumer services sphere. The role of this branch for Gorny Altai autonomous region followed from economic-geographical and natural-environmental conditions of the given region. Remoteness of settlements from each other, characteristic for Gorny Altai excluded the possibility of the rational organization of all spheres of public service from the united center and dictated necessity of creation of specific forms of service. The system of functioning of consumer services of the population looked as follows. Management of consumer services of Gorny Altai autonomous region was regional management of a double subordination. It submitted to Gorny Altai regional executive committee and regional management of consumer services of Altai executive committee. The primary goals of management were: maintenance of performance of decisions of party and the government on development of consumer services, plans of household services, capital construction, profit and payments in the budget, and also increase of culture of service; realization of the actions directed on transformation of consumer services in large mechanized branch of a national economy; studying of requirements city and agricultural population in consumer services and on this basis working out and realization of actions for consumer services development in the region. According to the problems the performance of various household services, basically at the expense of network expansion was carried out. For example, in 1966 there were 164 units of household workshops on management of consumer services of the population, but in 1974 there were 201, including the countryside: the number of workshops increased from 137 units in 1966 to 187 units in 1975. Typical buildings of industrial complexes of the consumer services were constructed in the majority of the regional centers of Altai Republic (Maiminsky, Shebalinsky, Ongudaisky, Ust-Kansk, etc.), the quantity of which increased from 205 in 1965 to 255 in 1975. For Gorny Altai autonomous region, especially for its mountainous areas, consumer services was the most actual. It was because of the level of sphere of service in the given region on many branches was much lower, than on the average across the USSR. Economic specialization of area on pasturable animal industries dictated necessity of the organization of a network of seasonally-lived settlements that caused difficulties in any reception of services on places of the appendix of work, i.e. parking. Besides, big dispersion, rural settlements, weak material resources of the road and transport organization created additional difficulties in rendering of household services to the population of the given region.
RESUMO O presente trabalho possui como finalidade, a partir de uma perspectiva transversal, dissertar sobre a concepção epistemológicas do território da dança africana, compreendendo desta forma a sua importância dentro da cultura da África, adentrando os caminhos que interpelam a realidade, analisando desta forma os significados da esfera dos movimentos e as suas relações, dando importância para o corpo, os movimentos e os sentidos, entendendo a sua função cultural e a percepção de como habitam o mundo num verdadeiro diálogo crítico entre dança, antropologia e a vida. Com base na Diáspora, compreende-se as técnicas, as estéticas e as poéticas oriundas das formas africanizadas de escrita do corpo. O artigo tem por objetivo evidenciar a dança africana levando ao conhecimento do que elas são na realidade, a razão pela qual se fazem tão presentes no cotidiano dos africanos e os tipos mais comuns reafirmando assim, as diversidades dentro da África e fora dela. A metodologia da pesquisa foi realizada a partir de investigações em páginas eletrônicas, com o intuito de compreender as suas definições, seus contextos e sua importância, reforçando o entendimento sobre elas através de alguns teóricos como Tiérou (2001), Robert Farris-Thompson (1974) e Kariamu Welsh (1985), e dentre outros que reforçam a compreensão dos movimentos da dança africana e do uso do corpo em sua execução. Dança africana. Cultura. ABSTRACTThe present work aims, from a transversal perspective, to talk about the epistemological conception of the territory of African dance, thus understanding its importance within the culture of Africa, entering the paths that challenge reality, thus analyzing the meanings of the sphere of movements and their relations, giving importance to the body, movements and senses, understanding their cultural function and the perception of how they inhabit the world in a true critical dialogue between dance, anthropology and life. Based on the Diaspora, the techniques, aesthetics and poetics that come from Africanized forms of body writing are understood. The article aims to highlight the African dance leading to the knowledge of what they are in reality, the reason why they are so present in the daily lives of Africans and the most common types thus reaffirming, the diversities within Africa and outside it. The research methodology was carried out from investigations on electronic pages, in order to understand their definitions, their contexts and their importance, reinforcing the understanding of them through some theorists such as Tiérou (2001), Robert Farris-Thompson (1974 ) and Kariamu Welsh (1985), and among others who reinforce the understanding of African dance movements and the use of the body in their performance.African dance. Culture. RESUMENEl propósito del presente trabajo es, desde una perspectiva transversal, discutir sobre la concepción epistemológica del territorio de la danza africana, entendiendo así su importancia dentro de la cultura africana, adentrándonos en los caminos que desafían la realidad, analizando así los significados de la esfera de los movimientos y sus relaciones, dando importancia al cuerpo, los movimientos y los sentidos, comprendiendo su función cultural y la percepción de cómo habitan el mundo en un verdadero diálogo crítico entre danza, antropología y vida. A partir de la Diáspora se entienden las técnicas, la estética y la poética derivadas de las formas africanizadas de escritura del cuerpo. El artículo tiene como objetivo resaltar la danza africana conduciendo al conocimiento de lo que realmente son, la razón por la que están tan presentes en la vida cotidiana de los africanos y los tipos más comunes reafirmando así, las diversidades dentro y fuera de África. La metodología de investigación se llevó a cabo a partir de investigaciones en páginas electrónicas, con el fin de entender sus definiciones, sus contextos y su importancia, reforzando la comprensión de las danzas a través de algunos teóricos como Tiérou (2001), Robert Farris-Thompson (1974) y Kariamu Welsh (1985), y entre otros que refuerzan la comprensión de los movimientos de la danza africana y el uso del cuerpo en su ejecución.Danza africana. Cultura. SOMMARIOLo scopo di questo lavoro è, da una prospettiva trasversale, discutere la concezione epistemologica del territorio della danza africana, comprendendone così l'importanza all'interno della cultura africana, addentrandosi nei percorsi che sfidano la realtà, analizzando così i significati della sfera dei movimenti e delle loro relazioni, dando importanza al corpo, ai movimenti e ai sensi, comprendendone la funzione culturale e la percezione di come abitano il mondo in un vero dialogo critico tra danza, antropologia e vita. Dalla diaspora si comprendono le tecniche, l'estetica e la poetica derivate dalle forme africanizzate della scrittura del corpo. L'articolo si propone di mettere in luce le danze africane portando alla conoscenza di cosa sono realmente, il motivo per cui sono così presenti nella vita quotidiana degli africani e delle tipologie più comuni, riaffermando così le diversità dentro e fuori l'Africa. La metodologia di ricerca è stata realizzata dalla ricerca su pagine elettroniche, al fine di comprenderne le definizioni, i loro contesti e la loro importanza, rafforzando la comprensione delle danze attraverso alcuni teorici come Tiérou (2001), Robert Farris- Thompson (1974) e Kariamu Welsh (1985), e tra gli altri che rafforzano la comprensione dei movimenti della danza africana e l'uso del corpo nella sua esecuzione.Danza africana. Cultura.
We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; ANID, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; Minciencias, Colombia; MEYS CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS and CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF and MPG, Germany; GSRI, Greece; RGC and Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MEiN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; JINR; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DSI/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, CANARIE, Compute Canada and CRC, Canada; COST, ERC, ERDF, Horizon 2020 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex, Investissements d'Avenir Idex and ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF and GIF, Israel; Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014-2021, Norway; NCN and NAWA, Poland; La Caixa Banking Foundation, CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya and PROMETEO and GenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Goran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN, the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (U.K.) and BNL (U.S.A.), the Tier-2 facilities worldwide and large non-WLCG resource providers. Major contributors of computing resources are listed in ref. [179]. ; Searches are conducted for new spin-0 or spin-1 bosons using events where a Higgs boson with mass 125 GeV decays into four leptons (l = e, mu). This decay is presumed to occur via an intermediate state which contains two on-shell, promptly decaying bosons: H -> XX/ZX 4l, where the new boson X has a mass between 1 and 60 GeV. The search uses pp collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC with an integrated luminosity of 139 fb(-1) at a centre-of-mass energy root s = 13 TeV. The data are found to be consistent with Standard Model expectations. Limits are set on fiducial cross sections and on the branching ratio of the Higgs boson to decay into XX/ZX, improving those from previous publications by a factor between two and four. Limits are also set on mixing parameters relevant in extensions of the Standard Model containing a dark sector where X is interpreted to be a dark boson. ; ANPCyT ; YerPhI, Armenia ; Australian Research Council ; BMWFW, Austria Austrian Science Fund (FWF) ; Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS) ; SSTC, Belarus ; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ) Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) ; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) NRC, Canada Canada Foundation for Innovation ; CERN ; ANID, Chile ; Chinese Academy of Sciences Ministry of Science and Technology, China National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) ; Minciencias, Colombia ; MEYS CR, Czech Republic ; DNRF, Denmark Danish Natural Science Research Council ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) CEA-DRF/IRFU, France ; SRNSFG, Georgia ; Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) ; HGF, Germany Max Planck Society ; GSRI, Greece ; RGC, China Hong Kong SAR, China ; Israel Science Foundation Benoziyo Center, Israel ; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) ; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT) Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT) Japan Society for the Promotion of Science ; CNRST, Morocco ; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Netherlands Government ; RCN, Norway ; MEiN, Poland ; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology European Commission ; MNE/IFA, Romania ; JINR ; Russian Federation NRC KI, Russian Federation ; Ministry of Education, Science & Technological Development, Serbia ; MSSR, Slovakia ; Slovenian Research Agency - Slovenia MIZS, Slovenia ; DSI/NRF, South Africa ; Spanish Government ; SRC, Sweden Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden ; SERI, Switzerland Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) Canton of Bern, Switzerland Canton of Geneva, Switzerland ; Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan ; Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey ; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) ; Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) ; United States Department of Energy (DOE) National Science Foundation (NSF) ; BCKDF, Canada CANARIE, Canada Compute Canada, Canada CRC, Canada ; COST, European Union European Research Council (ERC) ERDF, European Union Horizon 2020, European Union Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union ; French National Research Agency (ANR) ; German Research Foundation (DFG) Alexander von Humboldt Foundation ; Herakleitos programme - EU-ESF, Greece Thales Group Aristeia programme - EU-ESF, Greece Greek NSRF, Greece ; BSF-NSF, Israel German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development ; Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014-2021, Norway ; NCN, Poland Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange (NAWA) ; La Caixa Banking Foundation, Spain CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain PROMETEO Programme Generalitat Valenciana, Spain GenT Programme Generalitat Valenciana, Spain ; Goran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden ; Royal Society of London ; Leverhulme Trust
WOS: 000426840100001 ; PubMed: 31264996 ; The differential cross-section for the production of a W boson in association with a top quark is measured for several particle-level observables. The measurements are performed using 36.1 fb(-1) of pp collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2015 and 2016. Differential cross-sections are measured in a fiducial phase space defined by the presence of two charged leptons and exactly one jet matched to a b-hadron, and are normalised with the fiducial cross-section. Results are found to be in good agreement with predictions from several Monte Carlo event generators. ; MESTD, Serbia; CERN; ANAS, AzerbaijanAzerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS); SSTC, Belarus; DFG, GermanyGerman Research Foundation (DFG); AvH Foundation, GermanyAlexander von Humboldt Foundation; Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; IN2P3-CNRS, FranceCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); INFN, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; FCT, PortugalPortuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; EU-ESFEuropean Union (EU); ARC, AustraliaAustralian Research Council; BSF, IsraelUS-Israel Binational Science Foundation; DOE, United States of AmericaUnited States Department of Energy (DOE); FAPESP, BrazilFundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); DNSRC, DenmarkDanish Natural Science Research Council; NSERC, CanadaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; NSF, United States of AmericaNational Science Foundation (NSF); CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain; BNL (USA); CNRST, Morocco; MNiSW, PolandMinistry of Science and Higher Education, Poland; Generalitat Valenciana, SpainGeneralitat Valenciana; MEXT, JapanMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT); MINECO, Spain; Investissements d'Avenir Labex and Idex, FranceFrench National Research Agency (ANR); RGC, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaHong Kong Research Grants Council; ERC, European UnionEuropean Union (EU)European Research Council (ERC); ASGC (Taiwan); COLCIEN-CIAS, ColombiaDepartamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias; NCN, Poland; TAEK, TurkeyMinistry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey; FWF, AustriaAustrian Science Fund (FWF); MPG, GermanyMax Planck Society; STFC, United KingdomScience & Technology Facilities Council (STFC); SRC, Sweden; SNSF, SwitzerlandSwiss National Science Foundation (SNSF); MNE/IFA, Romania; Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; VSC CR, Czech RepublicCzech Republic Government; ARRS, SloveniaSlovenian Research Agency - Slovenia; Benoziyo Center, Israel; ERDF, European UnionEuropean Union (EU); BMBF, GermanyFederal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF); GSRT, GreeceGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; ANPCyT, ArgentinaANPCyT; CNPq, BrazilNational Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); NDGF (Denmark); Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; SRNSF, Georgia; JSPS, JapanMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; INFN-CNAF (Italy); DST/NRF, South Africa; CFI, CanadaCanada Foundation for Innovation; NRC KI, Russian Federation; MSMT CRMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic; Thales programme; YerPhI, Armenia; CONICYT, ChileComision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT); MSSR, Slovakia; Royal Society, United KingdomRoyal Society of London; BCKDF, Canada; FQRNT, CanadaFQRNT; NSFC, ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China; ANR, Region AuvergneFrench National Research Agency (ANR); MPO CR, Czech RepublicCzech Republic Government; CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; RCN, Norway; BMWFW, Austria; Greek NSRFGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; Leverhulme Trust, United KingdomLeverhulme Trust; MOST, TaiwanMinistry of Science and Technology, Taiwan; NWO, NetherlandsNetherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)Netherlands Government; NL-T1 (Netherlands)Netherlands Government; PIC (Spain); DNRF, Denmark; MIZS, Slovenia; NDGF (Norway); NDGF (Sweden); Aristeia programme; GIF, IsraelGerman-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development ; We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSF, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, the Canada Council, CANARIE, CRC, Compute Canada, FQRNT, and the Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET, ERC, ERDF, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, Region Auvergne and Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; BSF, GIF and Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN, the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA), the Tier-2 facilities worldwide and large non-WLCG resource providers. Major contributors of computing resources are listed in Ref. [73].
La presente tesis se pregunta si algunas obras de arte colombiano contemporáneo contribuyen a ampliar la experiencia, la mirada, las conversaciones y las discusiones sobre lo que se considera ético en una sociedad, y específicamente en la sociedad colombiana de finales del siglo XX y principios de XXI. Se plantea esta pregunta en una sociedad como la colombiana, que invisibiliza las condiciones de violencia y que no discute suficientemente, ni en privado ni en público, los términos de las relaciones intersubjetivas de afecto y de aceptación e inclusión de la diferencia; diferencia que se encuentra en el sujeto mismo escindido y en duda y diferencia en relación con otros que considera "diferentes" o "extraños". Para indagar en la pregunta, esta tesis recorre tres líneas argumentales de la teoría y del arte: arte colombiano contemporáneo, ética y archivo. El arte colombiano contemporáneo en esta tesis se concibe principalmente como el arte que se da en medio de una cultura mediática saturada de información que contribuye a invisibilizar las experiencias de violencia y exclusión. Centrada en el período entre 1990 y el 2010, la tesis escogió algunas obras de arte como "casos" para ponerlos en diálogo con los temas escogidos para pensar la ética. Estos temas son: primero, el concepto de experiencia como una posibilidad que tendría el arte para ampliar los temas y la mirada de la sociedad colombiana y por lo tanto de incluir aquello que no ha sido pensado suficientemente. Segundo, la consciencia crítica que las obras manifiestan del propio proceso de socialización. Y la tercera, la voluntad de incidir en lo público que las obras manifiestan, entendido lo público como las redes de significados que constituyen la cultura. El problema de la ética y el arte, se abordó principalmente a partir de la lectura de tres libros: Contingencia, Ironía y solidaridad (1989) y El pragmatismo, una versión. Antiautoritarismo en epistemología y ética (2008), ambos de Richard Rorty. Y un libro de Bernard Williams: La ética y los límites de la filosofía (1985). La tesis además, propone pensar algunas obras del arte colombiano del período propuesto, con la noción de "archivo" que permite reorganizarlas a partir de una urgencia temática. La noción de archivo permite enfatizar también, que esta tesis es sobre teoría del arte entendida como un conjunto de ideas para leer imágenes y también un conjunto de ideas e imágenes que se tejen en torno a un problema en particular que se quiere discutir. ; Abstract. This dissertation asks about whether some Colombian contemporary works of art contribute to expanding the gaze, experience, conversation and discussion about what is considered ethical in a society, specifically the Colombian society of the late twentieth century and early XXI. This question is posed in a society such as the Colombian one, which makes the conditions for violence invisible and does not sufficiently discuss –either privately or in public– the terms of intersubjective relations of affection, acceptance and inclusion of difference; a difference that is found within the subject itself, split and in doubt, as well as a difference in relation to others which the subject considers "different" or "strangers" to itself. This dissertation asks about whether some Colombian contemporary works of art contribute to expanding the gaze, experience, conversation and discussion about what is considered ethical in a society, specifically the Colombian society of the late twentieth century and early XXI. This question is posed in a society such as the Colombian one, which makes the conditions for violence invisible and does not sufficiently discuss –either privately or in public– the terms of intersubjective relations of affection, acceptance and inclusion of difference; a difference that is found within the subject itself, split and in doubt, as well as a difference in relation to others which the subject considers "different" or "strangers" to itself. To investigate the question, this dissertation works through three theoretical lines of argument within theory and art: Colombian contemporary art, ethics and the archive. In this dissertation, Colombian contemporary art is conceived mainly as the art that is produced in the midst of a saturated media culture that contributes to make invisible the experiences of violence and exclusion in the country. Specifically, working between 1990 and 2010, the dissertation chose some works of art as "cases of study" to put them in dialogue with the chosen themes to think ethics. These themes are: first, the concept of experience defined as the possibility that art could have in expanding the perspective of the Colombian society and therefore, to bring to the fore that which has not been sufficiently thought. Second, the critical awareness that the works manifest from their process of socialization. And third, the manifested capacity in which these works of art influence the public, understanding the public as the network of meanings that constitute culture. The problem of ethics and art is approached mainly from the following theoretical frameworks: Contingency, Irony and Solidarity(1989), El pragmatismo, una versión. Antiautoritarismo en epistemología y ética (2008, Spanish Edition) both by Richard Rorty, and Bernard Williams' Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy (1985). This dissertation also proposes to think some works of Colombian art within the studied period through the notion of " the archive," which allows for an organization from a thematic urgency. The notion of the archive also puts emphasis on the fact that this dissertation is about art theory, understanding it as a set of ideas for reading images woven around a particular problem that we want to discuss. ; Doctorado
La constante migración e interacción global producen una de las preguntas más importantes para la teoría política contemporánea: ¿Cómo lidiar con los problemas políticos que surgen de la diversidad étnica y cultural en las sociedades modernas? Esta realidad sociológica se complica aún más por la manera en que el colonialismo y la cultura occidental han visto como inferior al 'otro' colonizado; actualmente en Canadá encarnado en la gente con piel oscura y los ojos rasgados. La teoría liberal más aceptada ofrece un número de respuestas a estas cuestiones que son insuficientes para este predicamento histórico. Una de estas respuestas teóricas la constituye el tipo de multiculturalismo liberal defendido por el filósofo político Will Kymlicka. El multiculturalismo no se encuentra necesariamente cómodo al lado del los principios liberales de la neutralidad política: la tensión entre el multiculturalismo y el liberalismo se ilustra en la percepción cultural moderna de la 'otredad' como una amenaza a las libertades liberales — como en la reciente discusión sobre la importancia de publicar caricaturas irrespetuosas para el Islam o de si el velo en las mujeres deba ser permitido en las democracias liberales. A pesar de esta tensión Kymlicka contempla los derechos de grupo a sus diferencias culturales como algo basado en los principios liberales de tolerancia y celebración de la diversidad. Canadá tiene una política pública de multiculturalismo que es también un símbolo e ideal 'nacional'. La experiencia canadiense es única pues Canadá construyó su identidad nacional basada en el símbolo de verse a sí misma como un 'mosaico cultural' basado en el derecho a la diversidad y al "acomodo razonable" (o adaptación de las instituciones públicas a la diferencia de las minorías). Sin embargo, la diversidad cultural y étnica en Canadá se vive bajo la sombra y consecuencias de la política pública asimilacionista que tomaban como un hecho la superioridad de la cultura occidental. Esto devaluó la autopercepción de los canadienses no blancos. La inmigración, especialmente de países no blancos, es ahora la fuente más grande de crecimiento poblacional de Canadá. Esta situación produce un microcosmos de diversidad mundial en Canadá donde la gente forja su identidad en una conciencia vívida de diferencias étnicas y culturales entre la gente. Este es especialmente el caso en los hijos de matrimonios mezclados étnicamente y entrevisté a un pequeño grupo de personas con estas carcterísticas en la provincia de la Columbia Británica. Esta investigación muestra que, para que la gente supere los problemas de la diferencia, es importante darse cuenta de que la idea de que existen las razas humanas claramente distinguibles, es una ilusión construida socialmente. Desde una perspectiva de anécdota, estos individuos diversos étnicamente mostraron un fuerte sentido de su individualidad que incluía a la compasión tanto en calidad de principio para la conducta moral, como una poderosa emoción que les permitió crear una identidad que incluye en sí misma y acepta la diversidad. Yo argumento que esta actitud cultiva una genuina vocación multicultural cosmopolita —el corazón de lo que yo llamo Liberalismo Cosmopolita. ; Constant population migration and global interaction pose one of the most important questions to contemporary political theory: How to deal with the political problems that arise from ethnic and cultural diversity in modern societies? This sociological reality is further complicated by how western colonialism and culture has historically abased the colonised 'other', today in Canada embodied in the peoples with dark skin and/or slanted eyes. Main-stream liberal theory offers a number of answers that are insufficient to this predicament; and one of these theoretical answers is represented by a liberal type of multiculturalism espoused by Canadian political philosopher Will Kymlicka. Multiculturalism does not necessarily sit comfortably together with the liberal principles of neutrality: The tension between liberalism and multiculturalism is illustrated by modern cultural perception of otherness as a threat to liberal freedoms —as in the recent discussion about the importance of publishing cartoons that are disrespectful to Islam or of whether veiling women ought to be allowed in liberal democracies. In spite of this tension, Kymlicka regards group rights to their cultural differences as based on the liberal principles of tolerance and celebration of diversity. Canada has a policy of multiculturalism that is also a 'national' symbol and ideal. The Canadian experience is unique because Canada built its national identity on the symbol of seeing itself as a 'cultural mosaic' based on rights to diversity and reasonable accommodation. But cultural and ethnic diversity in Canada is lived within the consequences of early assimilationist policies that assumed western-culture superiority, which devalued the selfperception of non-white Canadians. Immigration, especially from non-white countries is now Canada's biggest source of population growth. This situation produces a micro-cosmos of world diversity in Canada where people forge their identity amid vivid awareness of ethnic and cultural differences. This is especially the case in Canadian children of ethnically mixed marriages, a small sample of which I interviewed in the province of British Columbia. This research shows that in order for people to overcome the problems of difference, it is important for them to realize that the idea of distinct human races is a socially constructed illusion. From an anecdotal perspective, these ethnically diverse individuals displayed a strong sense of individuality that included compassion both as a principle for moral behaviour and also as a powerful emotion that allowed them to create an identity of self that encompasses and embraces diversity. I argue that this attitude fosters a genuinely multicultural cosmopolitan vocation —the soul of what I call Cosmopolitan Liberalism.
In the paper performs the SWOT-analysis of innovative business in Ukraine. The major indicators of innovative activity in Ukraine are analyzed. The factors, that inhibit the activation of the functioning of small and medium enterprises in innovation, are investigated, among which: insufficient infrastructure to support innovative entrepreneurship; insufficient budgetary funds for scientific and technical sphere; the lack of venture capital and the underestimation of the stock and mechanisms; insufficiently stable financial condition of enterprises; a weak stimulation of the development of innovative financing of non-state (lack of venture financing); administrative barriers (according to foreign experts, to 8% of revenue spent by entrepreneurs on overcoming administrative barriers); lack of an integrated legal support of innovative entrepreneurship; lack of motivation on the part of entrepreneurs for using the results of scientific research budget in innovation; lack of effective development of innovative entrepreneurial environment; insufficient level of innovation culture; limited access to information innovation environment; lack of support for small innovative businesses at regional level.The results of this research suggest the need to address the major challenges for the development of innovative business in Ukraine in the contemporary economy. Among them: creating an enabling institutional, structural, legal and other condition for the development of innovative entrepreneurship in the industrial sector and the service sector, including through the extensive use of technology «single window»; formation of an effective competitive sector of innovative business based on strategic relations with big business, synergy with governments at the regional and local levels; the accelerated growth and sustainability of innovative entrepreneurship by improving the development and support of small and medium-sized enterprises, strengthening the role of innovative entrepreneurship in the gross regional product in terms of intensification of regional development in Ukraine, improving the quality of life in cities and regions.The proposals to enhance the development of innovative entrepreneurship as the effective form of public-private partnership in Ukraine are developed. To improve the situation in the innovative business in the short term expedient implementation of a number of the following activities: analysis of the actual state of development of innovative business; increase in the number of small enterprises in innovation, as close to the standards of building an innovative economy (60-80%); creating the conditions for small businesses to reduce costs by introducing new products to improve competitiveness; ensure access of small innovative businesses to various sources of funding in order to reduce the costs of the introduction of innovative products; implementation of the selection of projects that require subsidies; formation of a system of training for the innovation sphere, which in the future should be gradually integrated into the international system; the creation of the state of scientific and methodological center of a multi-level system of training specialists in the field of innovation; formation of innovative infrastructure objects, for example, a consortium whose main task should be to find and implementation of large innovative projects related, usually with the use of new technologies.
The interrelation between the development of political institutions and the processes of scientific-technical revolution is twofold. On the one hand, there must exist the political preconditions of the rapid change in science and technology. On the other hand, the processes of rapid scientific and technical change produce important consequences in the politica life.From the point of view of the economic structure of the country, Poland has reached the threshold of scientific-technical revolution ; it now depends on the political conditions whether the country wilt be able to achieve the stage of high technological development in reasonably short time.Three changes in the functioning of political institutions are directly related to the processes of scientific-technical revolution : they are changes in the system of management on all levels of authority, changes in the circulation of informations and development of autonomic structures of decision-making. Indirectly, however, other changes in the system of political institutions influence the processes of scientific and technological change. Two variants of future developments of the political institutions are discussed in this context : that of a rationalized centralism and the one of democratic self-management. The author expresses the opinion thatboth these variants would constitute conditions for rapid scientific and technological transformations but he favours the strategy of combining the strong elements of both and eliminating their weaknesses.In the second part of the paper, the author discusses the consequences of scientific-technological revolution for the political institutions. Five major factors could be hypothetically identified : 1° changes in classstructure and social stratification, particularly in the direction of increased role of the professional stratum and the increase of educational level of the working class ; 2° further political integration of the nation; 3° changesin the culture of work, increase of social discipline, and higher assessment of collective and individual efficacy of the Poles ; 4° achievement of the higher standard of living and on the basis of it leveling of economicinequalities; 5° increase of the amount of leisure time. All these changes wilt result in the formation of better and more harmonious society, which in its turn wilt make it both possible and necessary to considerablyincrease the scope of democratic self-management in all spheres of sociopolitical life. Potential restraints to this process may result from the inertia of old politica! institutions and/or from technocratic tendenciesamong some segments of the aparatus. Neither, however, is likely to become strong enough to stop the processes of democratic self-management .The main changes in the direction of greater self-management will include: 1° development of various forms of direct democracy on local levels ; 2° development of organizations which represent interests of varioussegments of the society; 3° bettering of the representative institutions (Parliament and local councils); 4° further differentiation between administrative and political authorities and further democratization of thelatter; 5° deepening of the leading role of the Communist party combined with development of its internal democracy.
