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To improve the socio-economic condition of low-income households, underlying organizations offer a variety of products and services such as access to working capital and training programs. This study examined the impact of access to working capital and training programs on household income and economic vulnerability among participants of AIM, TEKUN, and LKIM in Kelantan, Malaysia. Adopting a cross-sectional design, data were collected randomly from 450 micro-entrepreneurs living in seven districts in Kelantan. The finding revealed that the total amount of economic loan received, length of the programs participation, and number of hours spent on training programs had a positive effect on household income in order to decrease the level of economic vulnerability. The finding provided useful information for policies development that prioritizes poverty eradication among low-income households who were vulnerable to weak economic situation.

Through a combination of documentary sources of different origins and locations, 737 executions have been reliably computed in Valencia between the years 1450 and 1500. The article analyzes this aspect of the social, judicial and political reality of the Renaissance Valencia under the light of the recent historiographical approaches on the matter. The impact of the Holy Office (from 1482 onwards) within the penal context of the city is highlighted, the restorative and reconciling role of the Brotherhood of Innocents and Helpless is analyzed, as well as the re-signification of urban and peri-urban space by this singular institution. ; Mediante una combinación de fuentes documentales de origen y procedencia diversa, se han computado fehacientemente 737 ejecuciones en Valencia entre los años 1450 y 1500. El artículo analiza este aspecto de la realidad social, judicial y política de la Valencia del Renacimiento a la luz de los recientes planteamientos historiográficos sobre la materia. Se destaca el impacto del Santo Oficio (a partir de 1482) dentro del contexto penal de la ciudad, se analiza el papel restaurador y reconciliador de la Cofradía de Inocentes y Desamparados, y se aborda la contribución de esta singular hermandad a la re-significación de los espacios urbanos y periurbanos.

Le premier but de ce livre est de faire la critique des ces trois interprétations courantes au moyen de données provenant de sources officielles et privées. Le deuxième but fondamental de ce livre est de montrer l'existence d'une grande bourgeoisie canadienne et d'en déterminer la composition interne et les modes de contrôle des grandes sociétés

This article is part of a general study of the institutional evolution of the Central AmericanIntegration System (SICA ). It's analyzed the changing roles and attitudes of regional actorsand, in such a perspective, the progressive establishment of a supranational civil servicein Central America. This paper of political sociology is based on field work, analysis ofarchives and more than 60 interviews. ; El artículo se inscribe en el marco de un estudio global de la evolución institucional delSistema de Integración Centroamericana (sica). Se analiza la transformación de las funcionesy actitudes de los actores regionales y, en perspectiva, la progresiva constitución deuna función pública supranacional en Centroamérica. Este trabajo de Sociología Política sefunda sobre una investigación de campo, revisión de archivos y más de 60 entrevistas.

Drawing on data from the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada, we analyze factors shaping new immigrants' month-by-month employment trajectories over their first 4 years of settlement. We treat trajectories as multidimensional and holistic entities, seeking to predict the correlates of a set of typical pathways identified via optimal matching techniques and cluster analysis. Human capital attributes and household context shapes trajectories in important ways, but patterns related to bias and discrimination are not straightforward and social ties have little impact.