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Texto ; According with several authors (Entman, 1993; Goffman, 1986; Gitlin, 1980; Snow et al, 1986; De Vreese & Claes, 2005; Reese, 2007; Scheufele, 1999) framing is a process of generating emphasys about a certain piece of information in news. We are interested in knowing how do Spanish media of reference frame immigration issues in the Mediterranean Sea. Through a mixed method of content analysis in over 774 news, we made a comparison between the last five months of the former President Rajoy´s Administration and five months of the actual Sánchez´s Administration. The findings suggest that in the most read newspapers in Spain the coverage changes between both Administrations. Also, that the coverage of the issue is focused more in the informative aspect of the irregular immigration, than in the political and economical conditions of the migrants. Besides, the political actors that are present in the news are mostly Governamental Institutions or NGO´s, and the presence of the migrant voice is rather low. The problematic news frame about immigration is hegemonic; the benefits of immigration is mostly absent in their news coverage.

Nicaragua, according to the story, is classified as a purely agricultural country, the economic activities that produce the largest source of income and currencies for the same are concentrated in this sector, although paradoxically figures officials of the Central Bank of Nicaragua have another scenario. However, and despite the fact that the official figures are correct, we must be clear that this is due to that there has been no stimulus by Governments to this sector, limited to trade and industry. We must take into account missing any activity that generates monetary income, requires therefore financial resources, which, from the business point of view, are the scarcest and is what he has done to promote investment in the rural sector mainly in the small and medium producers, that it is a very vulnerable sector in Nicaragua. ; Nicaragua, según la historia, se clasifica como un país netamente agropecuario, es decir, las actividades económicas que producen la mayor fuente de ingresos y divisas para el mismo se concentran en este sector, aunque paradójicamente las cifras oficiales del Banco Central de Nicaragua presentan otro escenario. No obstante, y pese a que las cifras oficiales son correctas, debemos estar claros que esto se debe a que no ha existido estímulo por parte de los gobiernos de turno a este sector, limitándose al Comercio y la Industria. Debemos tomar en cuenta que toda actividad que genera ingresos pecuniarios, requiere por tanto de recursos financieros, los que desde el punto de vista empresarial son los más escasos y es lo que ha hecho falta para fomentar la inversión en el sector rural principalmente en los pequeños y medianos productores, los que por qué no decirlo constituyen un sector muy vulnerable en Nicaragua.

Abstract The article examines the survival strategies and political reactions of indigenous groups in areas of agricultural frontiers that are strongly influenced by cultural symbols, family bonds and land-based responses. It is discussed the unique socio-spatial trajectory of indigenous peoples and, in addition, a typology of the indigenous space is proposed. The analysis is focused on the emblematic example of how frontier making was experienced by the Guarani-Kaiowa of South America. The wisdom and resistance of Guarani-Kaiowa groups derive from the simultaneous ethnicisation of space and spatialisation of culture. They have shown latent geographical agency shaped by religious practices, strong family ties and the ability to internally negotiate the return to their original areas. There are many lessons to be learned, in particular the talent to absorb the increasing and dissimulated brutality of frontier making and, at the same time, voice their political demands, form solid strategic alliances and coordinate land-recovery initiatives.

Trabajo presentado en el 2nd International Conference on Watermarking and Image, celebrado en Marsella (Francia), del 18 al 20 de septiembre de 2019 ; In this paper is presented a deep neural network architecture designed to run on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) for detection vehicle on LIDAR point clouds. This works present a network based on VoxelNet adapted to run on an FPGA and to locate vehicles on point clouds from a 32 and a 64 channel optical sensor. For training the presented network the Kitti and Nuscenes dataset have been used. This work aims to motivate the usage of dedicated FPGA targets for training and validating neural network due to their accelerated computational capability compared to the well known GPUs. This platform also has some costraints that need to be assessed and taken care during development (limited memory e.g.). This research presents an implementation to overcome such limitations and obtain as good results as if a GPU would be used. This paper makes use of a state-of-the-art dataset such us Nuscenes which is formed by several sensors and provides seven time more annotations than the KITTI dataset of the 6 cameras, 5 radars and 1 Lidar it is formed by, all with full 360 degree field of view. The presented work proves real-time performance and good detection accuracy when moving part of the CNN presented in the proposed architecture to a commercial FPGA. ; This work was supported by the Catalan Government inside the program "Doctorats Industrials" and by the company FICOSA ADAS S.L.U. J. García López is supported by the industrial doctorate of the AGAUR.

Nicaragua, according to the story, is classified as a purely agricultural country, the economic activities that produce the largest source of income and currencies for the same are concentrated in this sector, although paradoxically figures officials of the Central Bank of Nicaragua have another scenario. However, and despite the fact that the official figures are correct, we must be clear that this is due to that there has been no stimulus by Governments to this sector, limited to trade and industry. We must take into account missing any activity that generates monetary income, requires therefore financial resources, which, from the business point of view, are the scarcest and is what he has done to promote investment in the rural sector mainly in the small and medium producers, that it is a very vulnerable sector in Nicaragua. ; Nicaragua, según la historia, se clasifica como un país netamente agropecuario, es decir, las actividades económicas que producen la mayor fuente de ingresos y divisas para el mismo se concentran en este sector, aunque paradójicamente las cifras oficiales del Banco Central de Nicaragua presentan otro escenario. No obstante, y pese a que las cifras oficiales son correctas, debemos estar claros que esto se debe a que no ha existido estímulo por parte de los gobiernos de turno a este sector, limitándose al Comercio y la Industria. Debemos tomar en cuenta que toda actividad que genera ingresos pecuniarios, requiere por tanto de recursos financieros, los que desde el punto de vista empresarial son los más escasos y es lo que ha hecho falta para fomentar la inversión en el sector rural principalmente en los pequeños y medianos productores, los que por qué no decirlo constituyen un sector muy vulnerable en Nicaragua.

This paper proposes a new paradigm for the analysis of monetary policy, and presents the monetary policy framework in Angola which includes the policy instruments, and implementation mechanism the way between instrument and objective. To study the Monetary Policy instruments in Angola based on a multiple linear regression model. Before the model was conceived an analogy was made about the politics and instruments of monetary policy from the classical Keynesian model in the matter, but also less important also to analyze the concrete objective of monetary policy if the authors agree connected with those currents of economic thought. For the estimation of the equation for the monetary aggregate M2 that represents the money supply by the Central Bank in Angola The author applied the current implementation and the existing theories to display the Angola monetary tools such as basic interest rate for monetary policy orientation (tbna), open market operation, Lending Facility, coefficient of required reserve, net international reserves, and the Gross Domestic Product, the reference oil price to brent. Most of the variables present the expected results.

La función administrativa en México se encuentra en constante vicisitud, los daños causados por su ejercicio u omisión suelen instarse en el modelo punitivo de responsabilidad de los servidores públicos, el cual no garantiza la reparación o restitución del daño. Si bien existe una responsabilidad patrimonial del Estado, ésta se encuentra restringida en sus hipótesis de configuración, impidiendo la intelección del ente administrativo como un sujeto jurídicamente responsable de sus actos. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la responsabilidad administrativa para sustentar la pertinencia de un sistema global como herramienta de fortalecimiento del Estado. La investigación, parte del cuestionamiento ¿La comprensión de la función administrativa como un modelo de responsabilidad global contribuiría al fortalecimiento del Estado Mexicano? Para responder dicha pregunta, se adopta una perspectiva hipotético deductiva, que emplea el método histórico para narrar el proceso evolutivo - conceptual de la responsabilidad estatal, entendiéndola como el constructo dialéctico de los factores que en ella convergen y estudiando sus diversos paradigmas mediante el método exegético para la interpretación normativa, y el sistemático para su estudio organizacional. En la investigación, se resuelve que la función administrativa implica una responsabilidad a cargo del Estado para cumplir su contenido, motivo por el cual se articula un arquetipo de responsabilidad global, que faculta al gobernado para reclamar la observancia coercitiva de dicha función, u obtener en su defecto, una reparación. Con base en lo anterior, se establecen supuestos de existencia y elementos de la responsabilidad global, exponiendo los rubros en que el Estado Mexicano podría fortalecerse en caso de una positivización de la figura propuesta. El trabajo, pretende incentivar la discusión legislativa y académica respecto a las bases normativas y epistémicas de la responsabilidad estatal.

Il presente lavoro intende mettere in luce la preoccupante, odierna, debolezza della tutela ambientale nella Costituzione italiana. Al fine di garantire una tutela reale ed effettiva dell'«ambiente e dell'ecosistema», infatti, non appare sufficiente fondare lo status costituzionale dell'ambiente esclusivamente su valori meta-positivi (ossia su un piano meramente assiologico), o su norme/principi costituzionali inespressi (come tali principalmente frutto dell'attività ermeneutica del giudice) o, ancorpeggio, attraverso un'alluvione di provvedimenti normativi scoordinati e mal scritti sul piano della legislazione primaria (come tendenzialmente hanno fatto tutti i Governi repubblicani succedutisi nel tempo).Ciò che si tenterà di sostenere è invece la necessità di inserire in Costituzione un principio espresso di diritto ambientale. Principio, si dirà, magari espressamente allignato fra quelli c.d. "intoccabili", indispensabile a fornire agli interpreti-applicatori uno strumento ermeneutico "forte", utile a garantire una più intensa e sicura tutela dell'ecosistema a fronte di diritti ed interessi economico-finanziari che si mostrano sempre più esiziali per l'ambiente, invocati e sorretti ormai quasi «religiosamente» dalle«lobby di mercanti» che sostanzialmente governano lo scenario globale contemporaneo. ; This paper aims at highlighting the current alarming weakness of environmental protection in the Italian Constitution. In order to ensure a real and effective protection of the «environment and ecosystem», it is not in fact sufficient to establish the constitutional status of the environment solely on meta-positive values (that is to say on a purely axiological level), or on unexpressed constitutional principles/standards (mostly hermeneutic results of the judge's actions) or, even worse, through an excess of uncoordinated and poorly written regulatory measures at the primary legislation level (as all succeeded republican Governments have essentially done).The author will try to support the need to include in the Constitution an expressed principle of environmental law. Such principle might be included among those expressly "untouchable", essential to provide interpreters and applicators a "strong" hermeneutic tool, useful to ensure a more intense and safe protection of the ecosystem in the face of economic and financial interests and rights that areincreasingly ruinous for the environment, invoked and supported almost «religiously» by the «lobbies of merchants» that basically govern the contemporary global scenari

I Presìdi di Toscana, fondati da Filippo II nel 1557, rappresentavano un luogo di grande importanza logistica e strategica per il sistema commerciale e geopolitico spagnolo. Le grandi trasformazioni intercorse nel XVII e XVIII secolo e i conseguenti mutamenti nel quadro strategico spagnolo e mediterraneo, comportarono una lenta e inesorabile decadenza per questo piccolo spazio lontano tanto dalla capitale Madrid quanto dal viceregno di Napoli, sotto la cui supervisione venne posto. Internamente, però, nulla parve cambiare, con un sistema amministrativo, sociale ed economico pressoché identico a se stesso per oltre due secoli, nonostante i rivolgimenti politici. Le trasformazioni avvennero a partire dal 1737, con il passaggio ufficiale al regno di Napoli. Quel tempo che sembrava fermo accelerò improvvisamente, contribuendo ad accentuare la definitiva decadenza di questo piccolo spazio Mediterraneo. Quello che originariamente era uno spazio di grande importanza si ritrovò, dopo due secoli e mezzo, svuotato di ogni precedente significato.

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo determinar los factores que inciden negativamente en el rendimiento de los alumnos de la Escuela Militar para el logro de sus metas y objetivos académicos del instituto, pese a la existencia de un sistema de cautela de la progresión académica orientado a evitar los fracasos académicos y deserciones voluntarias de estos. El paradigma desde el cual se enfocó el artículo corresponde a un estudio cualitativo y cuantitativo por complementar las herramientas y técnicas de recolección de información, el diseño es, especialmente, apto para el estudio de contextos educativos como el caso de la Escuela Militar y es un estudio descriptivo en el cual se realiza la contrastación teórica con una realidad académica del área en estudio. Las conclusiones obtenidas señalan cuales son los factores que afectan el rendimiento académico de los alumnos de la Escuela Militar, las recomendaciones a través de proposiciones para enfrentarlos y sus respectivas implicaciones. ; The purpose of this article is to determine the factors that negatively affect the performance of the students of the Military School for the achievement of their academic goals and objectives of the institute, despite the existence of a system of caution of academic progression aimed at avoiding the academic failures and voluntary defections of these. The paradigm from which the article was focused corresponds to a qualitative and quantitative study to complement the tools and techniques of information collection, the design is especially suitable for the study of educational contexts as the case of the Military School and is a descriptive study in which the theoretical contrast is carried out with an academic reality of the area under study. The conclusions obtained indicate what are the factors that affect the academic performance of the students of the Military School, the recommendations through proposals to address them and their respective implications.