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To analyze different methodological approaches to determining the marketing attractiveness of international markets and their convergence assessing. Develop an indicators system for assessing the convergence of international markets to determine their marketing attractiveness for domestic agricultural enterprises. The international markets have been rated on the basis of summing the ranks of indicators of attractiveness method of their business environment for Ukrainian farmers by the product group «1008 Buckwheat, millet and other cereals» in order to identify more favorable conditions for doing business. The application of this approach allowed to develop a target portfolio for further targeting the implementation of the internationalization strategy by domestic producers of the product group «1008 Buckwheat, millet and other cereals». The methodological basis of the study are general and special research methods: epistemological and systems analysis - in the study of «economic convergence» definition; systems theory and systems analysis - to analyze of process determining the marketing attractiveness of international markets and assessing their convergence; statistical analysis, synthesis and comparison ‒ to identify trends in the entry of agricultural enterprises of Ukraine to international markets; comprehensive assessment of the convergence of agricultural enterprises of Ukraine under the conditions of international diversification. It has been proved that in the expert assessment of convergence indicators the markets of foreign countries, the indicators of which are as close as possible to the economy of Ukraine, should be singled out. It has been determined that the markets of Austria and Nigeria are promising for domestic agricultural enterprises, producers of the commodity group «1008 Buckwheat, millet and other cereals», with the possibility of overcoming a significant gap in certain indicators, namely: the market of Austria, Nigeria where there is low quality regulation and also unfavorable investment conditions. The scientific and methodological approach to the complex assessment of the convergence of new international markets for domestic agricultural enterprises under the conditions of international diversification has been substantiated and developed. The result of the evaluation allowed to come up to the conclusions about the marketing opportunities of domestic agricultural enterprises under the conditions of entering the markets of these countries. As a result of the proposed approach, it is possible to identify foreign markets that demonstrate favorable conditions for doing business in them, which indicates the presence of convergent conditions, which is a prerequisite for the entry of goods of domestic agricultural enterprises in the markets of these countries. As a result of the proposed approaches, there were identified new international markets, that demonstrated favorable conditions for doing business in them by domestic agricultural enterprises producing the product group «1008 Buckwheat, millet and other cereals». It has beed developed in the study a target portfolio for further targeting the strategy implementation of internationalization domestic producers of the product group «1008 Buckwheat, millet and other cereals».

Abstract
Many ancient African societies had advanced and sophisticated humanitarian protection mechanisms and war codes to regulate the conduct of armed hostilities. A careful examination of both historical and contemporary African customs and traditions provides unique avenues through which to interpret and apply international humanitarian protection in armed conflict. As a sub-branch of international law, international humanitarian law (IHL) seeks to limit the excesses of warfare and regulate the conduct of armed hostilities. However, international conventions such as those of IHL remain severely constrained if they are not framed and reconciled with indigenous understandings and meanings of humanitarian protection. In non-international armed conflicts specifically, this enduring challenge demands that IHL conventions and other international conventions be framed and understood within indigenous frameworks that support local ownership of this internationalized body of law. Encouraging dialogue between international norms and indigenous practices can enhance the relevance, authority and legitimacy of IHL in Africa.

Palestinian and Saharawi resistance to Israeli and Moroccan military occupation and colonization has taken creative forms, inevitably engaging internationally, while Palestinians and Sahrawis endeavor to disseminate their own narratives. For instance, alternative media and social networks are added to the means used to break both physical and informational siege, against editorial limitations or political alliances that dictate how news stories are framed or silenced and how struggles are legitimized or vilified, either they use violent tactics or not. This paper tackles Palestinian and Saharawi resistance as a dispute and expansion of spaces of international solidarity, and to address them it brings recent experiences. Such expansion happens especially through alternative means of communication, but also through growing political and academic engagement from various levels and disciplines, especially but not only from general social sciences, International Relations (IR) and International Law (IL). Moreover, state and international civil society actors get involved not only due to ethical concerns with human rights violations but also as a direct engagement in struggles for liberation. Hence, spaces in which Palestinian, Saharawi and international activists promote resistance are addressed here as an ongoing dispute for the international arena, drawing contributions from IR and IL. ; Las resistencias palestina y saharaui a las ocupaciones militares y colonizaciones israelí y marroquí han tomado formas creativas, inevitablemente internacionales, mientras palestinos y saharauis se esfuerzan por diseminar sus propias narrativas. Por ejemplo, se agregan medios alternativos y redes sociales a los medios utilizados para romper el bloqueo físico e informativo, superando las limitaciones editoriales o alianzas políticas que dictan cómo se presentan o silencian las noticias y cómo se legitiman o vilipendian las luchas, sean las que utilizan tácticas violentas o no. Este texto aborda los "terrenos de resistencia" palestinos y saharauis y sus disputas por la expansión de espacios de solidaridad internacional, trayendo experiencias específicas. Dicha expansión ocurre especialmente a través de medios alternativos de comunicación, pero alcanza también un creciente compromiso político y académico desde varios niveles y disciplinas, especialmente, pero no apenas, de las ciencias sociales en general, las Relaciones Internacionales y el Derecho Internacional. Además, actores estatales y de la sociedad civil internacionales se involucran no solo debido a preocupaciones éticas con violaciones de los derechos humanos sino también como un compromiso real con las luchas por liberación. Por lo tanto, los espacios en los que activistas palestinos, saharauis e internacionales promueven la resistencia se tratan aquí como espacios disputados en la arena internacional, con un análisis desde las RRII y el DI.

AbstractThis article introduces visual appropriation as a method in critical international political thinking and acting, contributing to the evolving repertoire of multiple, pluralist methods for visual analysis of international relations operating in a digital visual environment. We define appropriation as reuse of existing visual material—either in its entirety or in part—without substantially altering the immanent characteristics of the appropriated material. As appropriators, scholars are producers of images who capitalize on and actively participate in digital visuality (seeing–changing–sharing). Appropriators are both image-analysts and image-actors but distinct from both, contributing not only to the visual analysis, but also to the visual construction of international relations. Approaching the international through appropriation grants researchers increased agency and responsibility vis-à-vis existing visual materials "out-there." Rather than exploring a digital space of visual images produced and appropriated by others, researchers consciously and deliberately partake in the production and dissemination of images. As a result, we highlight how we—as scholars and as citizens—are facing research-ethical problematiques linked to ways of showing and seeing inevitably emanating from appropriation.

We study the response of international investment flows to shortand long-run growth news. Among developed G7 countries, positive long-run news for domestic productivity induces a net outflow of investments, in contrast to the effects of short-run growth shocks. We document that a standard Backus, Keho, and Kydland (1994) (BKK) model fails to reproduce this novel empirical evidence. We augment this model with Epstein and Zin (1989) preferences (EZ-BKK) and characterize the resulting recursive risk-sharing scheme. The response of international capital flows in the EZ-BKK model is consistent with the data. (JEL F14, F32, F43, G12)