Search results

Rasche innenpolitische Veränderungen nach dem Tode Präsident Jiang Jingguos im Januar 1988, personelle Veränderungen in Regierung und Regierungspartei, Lockerung des Ausnahmezustandes, die Opposition in der neuen politischen Landschaft, Gesetzesänderungen. (DÜI-Ptk)

Foreign direct investment (FDI) may benefit local firms in the host country through various kinds of spillovers, but it may also raise competition and result in the crowding out of domestic firms. Using detailed firm-level data for the period 2001–2008, this paper examines the aggregate effect of FDI on the survival of domestic private firms in Viet Nam. We estimate the impact of both horizontal and vertical FDI and explore howthe presence of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) influences the exit hazard for private firms. The results suggest that horizontal and upstream FDI raise the exit hazard significantly, while downstream FDI may reduce the hazard. The presence of SOEs has a direct negative effect on the survival odds of local private firms in the same industry, but there is also an indirect impact on the exit hazard from FDI. Local firms are more vulnerable to foreign entry in sectors with high SOE shares. Looking at the net effects of FDI during the period 2001–2008, we find that results vary between sectors and over time but that the overall impact has been surprising small. The paper also discusses policy conclusions and implications for empirical analyses of spillovers from FDI.

Foreign direct investment (FDI) may benefit local firms in the host country through various kinds of spillovers, but it may also raise competition and result in the crowding out of domestic firms. Using detailed firm-level data for the period 2001–2008, this paper examines the aggregate effect of FDI on the survival of domestic private firms in Viet Nam. We estimate the impact of both horizontal and vertical FDI and explore howthe presence of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) influences the exit hazard for private firms. The results suggest that horizontal and upstream FDI raise the exit hazard significantly, while downstream FDI may reduce the hazard. The presence of SOEs has a direct negative effect on the survival odds of local private firms in the same industry, but there is also an indirect impact on the exit hazard from FDI. Local firms are more vulnerable to foreign entry in sectors with high SOE shares. Looking at the net effects of FDI during the period 2001–2008, we find that results vary between sectors and over time but that the overall impact has been surprising small. The paper also discusses policy conclusions and implications for empirical analyses of spillovers from FDI.

The Eighth International Finance Seminar was held on 25-27 November 1998 in Tokyo by the Economics and Resource Development Center of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in collaboration with the ADB Institute (ADBI) under a regional technical assistance financed under Japan Special Fund, Government of Japan. The seminar was attended by 17 participants from Bangladesh, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, People's Republic of China, Republic of Korea, Philippines, Singapore, Taipei,China, Thailand and Viet Nam (List of Participants, Appendix 1). There were two officials from the Ministry of Finance, Japan, who attended most of the sessions as observers. Several ADBI staff attended the seminar intermittently as observers. Seven resource persons, including one from the Bank, presented papers on macroeconomic and structural issues relating to international finance and their policy implications for Asian economies. At the inaugural session of the seminar, Mr. Kazuo Kobayashi, Section Chief, Research Division, International Bureau, Ministry of Finance was a chief guest representing the Government of Japan, who also gave welcome remarks. Mr. Nalin Samarasinghe, Director, Japanese Representative Office on behalf of the Bank and Mr. S. B. Chua, Director, Capacity Building, on behalf of the ADBI, gave opening remarks.

Economic development of the Arctic regions of Russia / Shinichiro Tabata, Tomoko Tabata -- Perspectives of oil and gas development in the Russian Arctic / Masumi Motomura -- Northern Sea route (NSR) shipping, current status and its feasibility / Natsuhiko Otsuka, Toru Tamura, Masahiko Furuichi -- Planning for a sustainable Arctic : regional development in the Yamal-Nenets autonomous Okrug (Russia) / Daria Gritsenko, Elena Efimova -- The twofold development of the Arctic : where do the Arctic States stand? / Lassi Heininen -- Potential transboundary maritime energy disputes in the Arctic : the Russian perspective / Valery Konyshev, Alexander Sergunin -- Examining the execution of Russian military-security policies and programs in the Arctic / Pavel K. Baev -- Russian Arctic development and environmental discourse / Masahiro Tokunaga -- Are Finnish firms willing to explore the Russian maritime and offshore industry? : perceptions of Finnish SMEs of the Russian market and export collaboration / Hanna Mäkinen, Eini Haaja -- Cutting through channels : local entrepreneurship of indigenous actors in Arctic Russia / Masanori Goto -- Disappearing white fish and remaining black fish in the lower Ob River and its tributaries : conflict over the use of fish resources between indigenous people and non-locals / Yuka Oishi -- Telling domestic and international policy stories : the case of Russian Arctic policy / Daria Gritsenko, Veli-Pekka Tynkkynen -- Simulating sovereignty : the role of the Arctic in constructing Russian post-imperial identity / Sergei Medvedev -- The arctic in Russia's fin-de-siècle imagination : the paintings and writings of Aleksandr Borisov / Otto Boele -- The image of the Russian North in I. Bilibin's creative work / Dmitry Baranov.

Malaysia has made huge strides in socioeconomic development over the past 4 decades, transforming itself from an underdeveloped country reliant on natural resources into a middle-income country with a vibrant manufacturing sector. Malaysia aims to achieve highincome country status by 2020, with its services sector as the main economic driver. Services now account for around 50% of economic activity and the government is continuing efforts to boost domestic demand and reduce the country's dependence on exports. Growth is expected to remain positive in the near term, allowing Malaysia to continue with its development agenda under the Eleventh Malaysia Plan, 2016–2020. The Government of Malaysia introduced a tax on goods and services, and implemented reductions in energy and sugar subsidies. The central bank reduced in 2016 its policy rate and bank reserve requirement to support growth.

Governments around the world are adopting inclusive growth agendas. The ambition to align economic growth ambitions with broader-based social benefits is increasingly embraced by corporations to limit the 'negative externalities' and enhance the 'positive externalities' of their operations. Therefore, micro-level corporate strategies and macro-level national ambitions meet at the meso-level of networks and clusters. This requires societal spheres to collaborate and search for alternative governance constellations. In this discourse, port development is only recently receiving attention. In March 2018, ports around the world signed the World Ports Sustainability Program declaration, which aims to contribute to the sustainable development goals (SDGs), whilst a number of national port (master) plans have started to include social along with environmental standards. Extant studies on partnering and stakeholder inclusion in port development are proliferating but are primarily aimed at environmental rather than social (inclusion) issues. This paper adopts an exploratory research design to consider conditions for inclusive port development. A novel taxonomy considers port development as a driver for inclusive growth, where partnerships are the missing link between micro-level business strategies and macro-level effects in the port region and economy at large. This paper shows the first findings and delineates areas for further research.

This book analyses the circular migration of care workers in Central Europe using the example of Slovak carers in 24-hour care provision for the elderly in Austria. Challenging analyses that focus primarily on care drain and care regimes, Bahna and Sekulová supplement quantitative methodology with qualitative fieldwork to demonstrate the importance of the sending country's economic context. The authors discuss the dynamics of economic differences between Austria and its post-communist neighbors as preconditions of the crossborder care provision, bridging analyses of policy and legal frameworks with approaches from labor migration study. Even as they scrutinize the relevance of care drain-based analyses, Bahna and Sekulová bring to the fore the interplay of economic differences, social policies, gender and migration regimes with geographic proximity to study long-term impacts of care work, including an analysis of employment after care work.--

The member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) set themselves the ambitious aim of establishing a region-wide economic community by 2015, and to deepen it in the context of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) Blueprint 2025. To achieve these goals, service sector reforms will occupy a central place in ASEAN's policy pantheon. This can be attributed to both ASEAN's integration process and its deepening ties within a dense layer of external economic partners. This book takes stock of the experience of ASEAN member states in pursuing trade and investment liberalization in services. It identifies key challenges that the regional grouping can be expected to encounter in realizing its AEC Blueprint 2025 aims. Using a law and economics lens, the book assesses where ASEAN is and is headed in services trade, situating it alongside efforts at crafting a European single market for services

There is an obvious need to learn more about why some countries succeed and others fail when dealing with debt crises. Why do some sovereign debtors overcome economic problems very quickly and at minor human rights costs for their people, while others remain trapped by debts for years struggling with overwhelming debt burdens and exacerbating economic problems and human suffering? This book analyzes fourteen unique or singular country cases of sovereign debt problems that differ characteristically from the 'ordinary' debtor countries, and have not yet received enough or proper attention - some regarded as successful, some as unsuccessful in dealing with debt crises. The aim is to contribute to a better understanding of the policy options available to countries struggling with debt problems, or how to resolve a debt overhang while protecting human rights, the Rule of Law and the debtor's economic recovery.