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Broucek, P.: Die Entwicklung von Forschung und Lehre in den kaiserlichen königlichen und republikanischen Streitkräften Österreichs und seiner Nachbarn im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert. - S. 13-16. Jean, C.: The future development of defence academies as institutions of the unity of research and teaching. - S. 21-43. Nowak, J. M.: A desired European security system. - S. 44-55. Gyarmati, I.: The impact on NATO's new members. - S. 56-64. Kubis, J.: The security policy instruments of the OSCE. - S. 65-71. Hohenfellner, P.: Austria's contribution to a new European security order. - S. 81-82. Hamilton, D.: Zur Frage der NATO-Erweiterung. - S. 83-87. Lanzi, G.: The new European security identity. - S. 90-98. Winkler, T.: EU-Erweiterung und die europäische Sicherheitsordnung aus neutraler Sicht. - S. 99-106. Mayer-Harting, T.: Österreichs Rolle in der EU und nach dem Gipfeltreffen von Amsterdam. - S. 109-121. Gebhard, P.: The security policy relevance of NATO's enlargement. - S. 125-130. Vetschera, H.: Cooperative security in the OSCE Framework. - S. 131-170. Ciuspinski, A.: The impact of NATO's enlargement on Austria's position in the region. - S. 171-183. Nowotny, J.: The impact on NATO's mew members. - S. 187-195. Fasslabend, W.: Österreichs optionen für die Zukunft. - S. 196-205

Proper soil cover management for citrus cultivation can contribute to increased productivity and improved soil quality. This study examined five different vegetative coverings [Urochloa brizantha; U. decumbens, U. ruziziensis, spontaneous vegetation, and herbicide application (glyphosate) in the total area] in the inter rows of a Natal orange orchard [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] grafted on the Swingle citrumelo (C. paradisi × Poncirus trifoliata). Their effects on the microbiological and chemical attributes of the soil and the vegetative development in the orchard were examined. Chemical (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, P, pH, H+Al, CECpH7, base saturation, and OM) and microbiological (carbon and nitrogen of microbial biomass, basal respiration, and metabolic quotient) soil attributes in the rows and inter-rows were evaluated for the orchard in 2018 and 2019. There was a significant difference for most variables in the 2 years studied, emphasizing 2019 for microbiological parameters and OM, with the latter being 14.8% lower in the treatment with glyphosate in the total area compared to the treatment with spontaneous vegetation. The results showed the benefits of vegetation cover with brachiaria in inter-rows of the Natal sweet orange orchard in the chemical and microbiological attributes of the soil, especially in carbon and nitrogen of the microbial biomass.

Clay dispersion is directly related to water erosion, especially during detaching and dragging of particles. No-till is one of the most important strategies for soil and water conservation in tropical and sub-tropical regions, and when associated with crop rotation, may reduce the degree of clay dispersion. The study aimed to evaluate, after 24 years, the effect of different soil management systems and crop systems on the degree of clay dispersion of a Rhodic Ferralsol. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4x2 factorial scheme, with four soil managements (continuous no-tillage, no-tillage with chiseling every three years, disk plowing followed by light harrowing and heavy disking followed by light harrowing) and with two crop systems (crop succession and rotation). The degree of clay dispersion was evaluated and associated with soil chemical attributes from layer 0.00-0.10 m. The degree of clay dispersion is affected by the soil management systems with no effect of crop systems. The soil management system with the lowest soil disturbance (continuous no-tillage) has a higher degree of clay dispersion than the ones that disturb the soil, regardless of the agricultural implement used or soil disturbance intensity. The soil electrochemical imbalance, primarily caused by soil potential acidity, is positively correlated to the increase in the degree of clay dispersion of the superficial soil layer under continuum no-tillage.