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In an environment in which new policy entrepreneurs and networks are influencing policy and public opinion, many university faculty are increasingly seeking ways to mobilize knowledge beyond academic conferences and journals. Using New York state as a case, we searched Access World News to compare the level of media access of academics with other knowledge brokering organizations (KBOs; e.g. think tanks, teachers' unions, advocacy organizations, etc.). Our data shows relatively low levels of access for academics and provides profiles of those academics with high levels of access and what we might learn from them. We provide a discussion of the strategies of those academics who are successful at accessing the media and how disinvestment by the state from higher education and current incentive systems make it more difficult for academics to engage in knowledge mobilization beyond universities. ; En un entorno en el que los nuevos empresarios y redes de políticas influyen en la política y la opinión pública, muchos profesores universitarios buscan cada vez más formas de movilizar el conocimiento más allá de las conferencias y revistas académicas. Utilizando el estado de Nueva York como caso, buscamos en Access World News para comparar el nivel de acceso a los medios de los académicos con otras organizaciones de intermediación del conocimiento (KBOs; ej., Centros de estudios, sindicatos de maestros, organizaciones de defensa, etc.). Nuestros datos muestran niveles de acceso relativamente bajos para los académicos y proporcionan perfiles de aquellos académicos con altos niveles de acceso y lo que podríamos aprender de ellos. Proporcionamos una discusión de las estrategias de aquellos académicos que tienen éxito en acceder a los medios y cómo la desinversión del estado en la educación superior y los sistemas de incentivos actuales dificultan que los académicos se involucren en la movilización de conocimiento más allá de las universidades. ; Em um ambiente no qual novos empreendedores e redes de políticas estão influenciando as políticas e a opinião pública, muitos professores universitários estão cada vez mais buscando maneiras de mobilizar conhecimento além de conferências acadêmicas e periódicos. Usando o estado de Nova York como um caso, pesquisamos o Access World News para comparar o nível de acesso à mídia de acadêmicos com outras organizações de corretagem de conhecimento (KBOs; (por exemplo, grupos de reflexão, sindicatos de professores, organizações de defesa, etc.). Nossos dados mostram níveis relativamente baixos de acesso para acadêmicos e fornecem perfis desses acadêmicos com altos níveis de acesso e o que podemos aprender com eles. Apresentamos uma discussão sobre as estratégias dos acadêmicos que têm sucesso no acesso à mídia e como o desinvestimento do estado no ensino superior e os atuais sistemas de incentivos tornam mais difícil para os acadêmicos se engajarem na mobilização de conhecimento além das universidades.

BAFF, APRIL and BAFF-R are key proteins involved in the development of B-lymphocytes and autoimmunity. Additionally, BAFF, APRIL and BAFFR polymorphisms were associated with immune-mediated conditions, being BAFF GCTGT>A a shared insertion-deletion genetic variant for several autoimmune diseases. Accordingly, we assessed whether BAFF, APRIL and BAFFR represent novel genetic risk factors for Immunoglobulin-A vasculitis (IgAV), a predominantly B-lymphocyte inflammatory condition. BAFF rs374039502, which colocalizes with BAFF GCTGT>A, and two tag variants within APRIL (rs11552708 and rs6608) and BAFFR (rs7290134 and rs77874543) were genotyped in 386 Caucasian IgAV patients and 806 matched healthy controls. No genotypes or alleles differences were observed between IgAV patients and controls when BAFF, APRIL and BAFFR variants were analysed independently. Likewise, no statistically significant differences were found in the genotype and allele frequencies of BAFF, APRIL or BAFFR when IgAV patients were stratified according to the age at disease onset or to the presence/absence of gastrointestinal (GI) or renal manifestations. Similar results were disclosed when APRIL and BAFFR haplotypes were compared between IgAV patients and controls and between IgAV patients stratified according to the clinical characteristics mentioned above. Our results suggest that BAFF, APRIL and BAFFR do not contribute to the genetic network underlying IgAV. ; Acknowledgements: We are indebted to the patients and healthy controls for their essential collaboration to this study. We also thank the National DNA Bank Repository (Salamanca) for supplying part of the control samples. This study was supported by European Union FEDER funds and `Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias´ (grant PI18/00042) from 'Instituto de Salud Carlos III' (ISCIII, Health Ministry, Spain). DP-P is a recipient of a Río Hortega programme fellowship from the ISCIII, co-funded by the European Social Fund (ESF, `Investing in your future´) (grant number CM20/00006). SR-M is supported by funds of the RETICS Program (RD16/0012/0009) (ISCIII, co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)). VP-C is supported by a pre-doctoral grant from IDIVAL (PREVAL 18/01). BA-M is a recipient of a `López Albo´ Post-Residency Programme funded by Servicio Cántabro de Salud. LL-G is supported by funds from IDIVAL (INNVAL20/06). OG is staff personnel of Xunta de Galicia (Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS)) through a research-staff stabilization contract (ISCIII/SERGAS) and his work is funded by ISCIII and the European Union FEDER fund (grant numbers RD16/0012/0014 (RIER) and PI17/00409). He is beneficiary of project funds from the Research Executive Agency (REA) of the European Union in the framework of MSCA-RISE Action of the H2020 Programme, Project 734899—Olive-Net. RL-M is a recipient of a Miguel Servet type I programme fellowship from the ISCIII, cofunded by ESF (`Investing in your future´) (grant number CP16/00033).

Die vorliegende Masterarbeit gibt einen Überblick über die Situation von intergeschlechtlichen Menschen und beleuchtet den Aktivismus, der sich dazu entwickelt hat. Das Thema Intergeschlechtlichkeit ist in unserer Gesellschaft so gut wie nicht existent. Wir leben in einem binär normierten Geschlechtersystem, in der geschlechtliche Vielfalt keinen Platz findet. Dadurch werden intergeschlechtliche Personen ausgegrenzt und tagtäglich geschehen Menschenrechtsverletzungen. Aktivistisch kämpfen sie daher für ihre Rechte.Mit dieser Forschung soll herausgefunden werden, wie sich der Inter-Aktivismus im deutschsprachigen Raum gestaltet, welche Auswirkungen die aktivistische Tätigkeit auf Inter-Personen selbst hat und welche Ziele sie verfolgen. Weiters soll geklärt werden wie unter anderem Sozialpädagog*innen Inter-Personen bei ihren Bestrebungen unterstützen können. Zur Beantwortung dieser Forschungsfragen wurden neun qualitative Interviews durchgeführt. Diese wurden mithilfe der Inhaltsanlayse nach Mayring ausgewertet.Die wissenschaftliche Untersuchung ergab, dass der Aktivismus im deutschsprachigen Raum, und darüber hinaus gut vernetzt ist. Die Aktivist*innen kämpfen weitgehend für die gleichen vorrangigen Ziele. In Bezug auf die Methoden und deren Umsetzung gibt es allerdings oftmals Diskrepanzen. Zudem wurde herausgefunden, dass die befragten Personen traumatisierende Erlebnisse durchmachen mussten und dadurch motiviert wurden, sich zu ermächtigen, etwas zu verändern und für die eigenen Rechte einzustehen. Das oberste Ziel der Aktivist*innen ist der Stopp der fremdbestimmten geschlechtsangleichenden Operationen und die Aufklärung der Mehrheitsgesellschaft zum Thema.Zudem zeigte sich ein großer Mangel im Bereich der psychosozialen Hilfe. Es bedarf mehr Unterstützungsangebote und pädagogische Arbeit zum Thema geschlechtliche Vielfalt, um Stereotype abzubauen. Mit der hier vorliegenden Arbeit wurde somit ein wichtiger Punkt im Feld der Sozialpädagogik aufgezeigt. ; This thesis will provide an overview of the situation that intersexual people experience and will shed light on the activism that has emerged accordingly. The topic of intersexuality rarely exists in our society. We live in a dually standardized gender system, which allows no room for gender diversity. Thus, intersexual people are being alienated and human rights violations happen every day. As a consequence, this group of people actively fights for their rights. This research aims to investigate how the inter-activism is shaped in the German-speaking area, which effects the activist actions have on the affected people and which goals and intentions they pursue. Additionally, this thesis will clarify how, among other things, social workers can support intersexual people in their ambitions. In order to answer all these research questions, nine qualitative interviews, with the help of a guideline, have been conducted. These interviews were categorized and evaluated by means of content analysis by Mayring. The analysis has shown that the activism has created a good network even beyond the German-speaking area. The activists generally fight for the same goals. In regard to the methods and their implementation, however, there is some disagreement. Additionally, this study has found that all of the respondents had gone through traumatizing events, which empowered them to change their situation and stand up for their own rights. The main goal of the activists is a stop to heteronomous sex reassignment surgeries and the education of the mainstream society about this topic. On top of that, a vast deficiency in the area of psychosocial aid has come to light. Additional support and pedagogical work around the topic of gender diversity is needed in order to reduce stereotypes in society. Thus, with this thesis a pivotal aspect of social education has been presented. ; vorgelegt von Nina Regenspurger, BA ; Zusammenfassungen in Deutsch und Englisch ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der Verfasserin ; Masterarbeit Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz 2021 2.975

Conseguir el desarrollo y promoción de la educación emprendedora es uno de los objetivos políticos clave de la Unión Europea (UE) y de sus Estados miembros desde los años noventa del siglo pasado. Para dar respuesta a este objetivo surge el proyecto Aulas Profesionales de Emprendimiento (APES) de la Comunidad de Madrid, que inicialmente se establece en formación profesional reglada, pero que poco a poco se está empezando a poner en marcha también en la Universidad, constituyéndose como una estrategia para impulsar la competencia emprendedora, imprescindible en el nuevo marco socioeconómico hacia el que se dirige nuestra economía. Concretamente, en la Facultad de Educación-Centro de Formación del Profesorado (UCM) se ha puesto en marcha una APE. Se trata de una actuación de carácter eminentemente práctica, encaminada a potenciar el emprendimiento y el autoempleo entre el estudiantado y concebida como una preincubadora que pretende integrarse en el ecosistema emprendedor de la UCM, concretamente, en la red de preincubadoras de la Universidad. El alumnado se acerca a ella para adquirir las competencias transversales necesarias para la ciudadanía activa, la empleabilidad y el emprendimiento, así como para transformar propuestas creativas en acciones emprendedoras. A partir de ese momento, el estudiantado encuentra los recursos necesarios para poder iniciar su andadura por la vía del emprendimiento: un mentor encargado del asesoramiento, una formación instrumental adecuada y un espacio físico dotado de equipos informáticos (la hiperaula), o un espacio virtual, en nuestro caso dentro de la página web de la facultad. ; Achieving the development and promotion of entrepreneurial education is one of the key political goals of the European Union (EU) and its Member States since the nineties of the last century. In response to this goal, the "Aulas Profesionales de Emprendimiento" (APES) project of the Community of Madrid was created, which was initially established in Regulated Vocational Training, but is gradually beginning to be implemented in universities as well, constituting a strategy to promote entrepreneurial skills, essential for the new socioeconomic framework towards which our economy is heading. Specifically, an APE has been set up at the Faculty of Education-Teaching Training Center (UCM). It is an eminently practical action, aimed at promoting entrepreneurship and self-employment among students and conceived as a pre-incubator that aims to integrate into the entrepreneurial ecosystem of the UCM, specifically, in the network of pre-incubators of the university. Students approach it to acquire the transversal skills necessary for active citizenship, employability and entrepreneurship, and to transform creative proposals into entrepreneurial actions too. From that moment on, students find the necessary resources to start their journey through entrepreneurship: a mentor in charge of counseling, an adequate instrumental training and a physical space equipped with computer equipment (the hyper-classroom) or a virtual space, in our case within the website of the Faculty. ; Educación

This work was supported by Research Project MAT2016-75889-R, 2017-2019 (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness); Research Groups HUM 629 and RNM 0179 of the Junta de Andalucia; TOP-Heritage Programme (Madrid Regional Government, ref. P2018/NMT-4372); REMINE Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, and WARMEST Research and Innovation Staff Exchange (RISE) H2020-MSCA-RISE-2017; Scientific Unit of excellence "Ciencia en la Alhambra", ref. UCE-PP2018-01, University of Granada. The professional support of the Spanish Network TechnoHeritage (Red de Ciencia y Tecnologia para la Conservacion del Patrimonio) is also acknowledged. ; Colegio Maximo de Cartuja in Granada (Spain) was built by the Jesuits in 19th century. Using an archaeometric study of the building materials: bricks, glazed tiles, stained glass windows and lime-gypsum mortars (mortar masonry and concrete masonry), the vernacular concept of this construction was established within the geological framework of the "Alhambra formation", and raw materials and techniques first used by the Nasrids in the 13th century have been identified. The results of XRD, XRF and DTA analyzes indicate the use of local clays in the manufacture of bricks and tiles fired at temperatures of ≤750 ºC. The clays contained NaCl additives, which improved the ceramic sintering, and traditional Nasrid colours (Cu, Fe, Sn) were used in the glazes and stained glass windows. Local raw materials were also used for air binders. These results have been combined to create a good-practice guide for the sustainable restoration of cultural heritage buildings. ; El Colegio Máximo de Cartuja en Granada fue construido por los jesuitas en el siglo XIX. El estudio arqueométrico de sus materiales: ladrillos, azulejos, vidrieras y morteros, define el concepto vernáculo de esta construcción, referenciada en el marco geológico de la "formación Alhambra", junto a la identificación de materias primas y técnicas utilizadas por los nazaríes desde el siglo XIII. Los resultados de XRD, XRF y DTA confirman el uso de arcillas locales para fabricación de ladrillos y losetas que se hornearon a temperaturas de ≤750 ºC. Las arcillas debieron contener aditivos de NaCl que beneficiaron la sinterización cerámica, y se comprobó el uso de colores de tradición nazarí (Cu, Fe, Sn) en los esmaltes y vidrieras. Las materias primas locales también se usaron para producir aglomerantes aéreos. Estos resultados se han combinado para crear una guía de buenas prácticas para la restauración sostenible de los edificios del patrimonio cultural. ; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness MAT2016-75889-R ; Junta de Andalucia HUM 629 RNM 0179 ; TOP-Heritage Programme (Madrid Regional Government) P2018/NMT-4372 ; REMINE Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions ; WARMEST Research and Innovation Staff Exchange (RISE) H2020-MSCA-RISE-2017 ; Scientific Unit of excellence "Ciencia en la Alhambra", University of Granada UCE-PP2018-01

Social networks play a determining role in contemporary politics. Due to the influence of the media politicians turn into celebrities, which has caused the personalization of politics messages by the emergence of celebrity politicians. This process, which has been called celebrification, has an opposite effect: framing the candidate as an extraordinary character and, simultaneously, making him look like a "normal and ordinary" individual. The aim of this article is to analyze the construction of the image of Santiago Abascal on Instagram, namely in the private field. The hypothesis is that the VOX party´s leader portrays a form of masculinity that is associated with attributes such as strength, discipline, toughness, power and fatherhood with military style. The proposal analyzes the content displayed on his Instagram account from the beginning of 2020. The methodology is based on content analysis throught a templated which has been done by means of codification on a file. Subsequently, a textual analysis of the images is used in order to detect the main attributes (territoriality, hyper-leadership and defense) befitting to Santiago Abascal. The account is built around a concrete image of a Spanish nation which is embodied in the hyper-masculine projection of its leader's physical body. Abascal (self) represents himself in terms of hyper-leadership and hyper-masculinity and creates an emotional engagement around his figure within his community until they consider him "one of us". ; En un contexto de celebrificación y fenómeno fandom en la política, las redes sociales juegan un papel determinante. La influencia de los medios de comunicación ha acercado, desde finales del siglo pasado, la política a la cultura de la fama, lo que ha provocado la personalización de la política y la emergencia de políticos-estrella. Este proceso, que se ha denominado celebrificación, debe reunir dos dinámicas en teoría contrapuestas: construir al candidato como un personaje extraordinario y, simultáneamente, ser un individuo 'normal y corriente". El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la construcción de la imagen de Santiago Abascal en Instagram, principalmente en su ámbito privado. Nuestra propuesta parte de la hipótesis de que el líder de VOX transmite una forma de masculinidad asociada a atributos como la fuerza, la disciplina, la dureza, la potencia y la paternidad con referencias castrenses. La propuesta analiza las fotografías de su cuenta personal de Instagram de 2020 y la metodología se basa en el análisis de contenido. Primero, se extraen unos resultados tras la aplicación de una plantilla de codificación. Posteriormente, realizamos un análisis textual de las imágenes y detectamos los atributos principales (masculinidad, territorialidad, hiperliderazgo y defensa). La cuenta de Santiago Abascal en Instagram construye una imagen concreta de nación encarnada en la proyección hipermasculina del cuerpo de su líder. Abascal se (auto)representa en clave de hiperliderazgo e hipermasculinidad y crea un apego emocional alrededor de su figura dentro de su comunidad hasta considerarlo "uno de los nuestros".

The article is devoted to a step-by-step study aimed at reproducing the chain of historical events, peculiarities of the origin and primary legislative consolidation of the processes of correction and resocialization in the system of execution of criminal punishments on the territory of Ukraine. The authors set the goal to analyze not only the gradation of scientific and philosophical thought on the correction and resocialization of convicts in the XIX–XX centuries, but also to investigate the level of practical implementation of doctrinal provisions. The main historical events that influenced the development of correction and resocialization in the demarcation, repressive and reorganization periods of the history of Ukraine were outlined. Particular attention was paid to the analysis of regulations. The aim was to investigate not only the terminological component, but also the actual presence, because the resocialization of convicts existed long before its legislative consolidation in its modern form. To write the article, the authors used quotes from leading scholars of the period under study, statistics on the number of convicts in Ukraine in different periods of history, materials of public speeches of leading lawyers and a number of primary sources of historical significance. It was found that in the XIX–XX centuries. correction and resocialization have gone through a difficult path of formation and further transformation. The formation of a modern approach to understanding these concepts was influenced by several complex reforms of the pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods, two world wars, a series of civil revolutions, the influence of about five separate state formations during political instability and destruction, periods of state formation, political usurpation with totalitarian regime. and a network of correctional labor camps, "thaw", complete Sovietization and a radical paradigm shift, which was associated with the improvement of domestic and foreign experience in the late twentieth century. ; Статья посвящена исследованию особенностей возникновения и развития исправления и ресоциализации в системе исполнения уголовных наказаний на территории Украины. Авторы поставили целью проанализировать не только градацию научно-философской мысли, но и исследовать уровень практической реализации доктринальных положений. Были изучены главные исторические аспекты, повлиявшие на развитие исправления и ресоциализации в заградительный, репрессивный и реорганизационный периоды истории Украины. При написании статьи использованы правовые позиции и научные взгляды ведущих ученых исследуемого периода, статистические данные по количеству осужденных на территории Украины, материалы публичных выступлений ведущих юристов и ряд первоисточников исторического значения. ; Досліджено особливості виникнення та розвитку виправлення і ресоціалізації в системі виконання кримінальних покарань на території України. Автори поставили за мету проаналізувати не лише градацію науково-філософської думки, але й дослідити рівень практичної реалізації доктринальних положень. Окреслено головні історичні аспекти, що вплинули на розвиток виправлення та ресоціалізації у відмежувальний, репресивний та реорганізаційний періоди історії України. Вивчено правові позиції та наукові погляди провідних вчених досліджуваного періоду, статистичні дані щодо кількості засуджених осіб на території України, матеріали публічних виступів провідних юристів та низку першоджерел історичного значення.

Reliable quantification of the sources and sinks of greenhouse gases, together with trends and uncertainties, is essential to monitoring the progress in mitigating anthropogenic emissions under the Paris Agreement. This study provides a consolidated synthesis of CH4 and N2O emissions with consistently derived state-of-the-art bottom-up (BU) and top-down (TD) data sources for the European Union and UK (EU27 + UK). We integrate recent emission inventory data, ecosystem process-based model results and inverse modeling estimates over the period 1990-2017. BU and TD products are compared with European national greenhouse gas inventories (NGHGIs) reported to the UN climate convention UNFCCC secretariat in 2019. For uncertainties, we used for NGHGIs the standard deviation obtained by varying parameters of inventory calculations, reported by the member states (MSs) following the recommendations of the IPCC Guidelines. For atmospheric inversion models (TD) or other inventory datasets (BU), we defined uncertainties from the spread between different model estimates or model-specific uncertainties when reported. In comparing NGHGIs with other approaches, a key source of bias is the activities included, e.g., anthropogenic versus anthropogenic plus natural fluxes. In inversions, the separation between anthropogenic and natural emissions is sensitive to the geospatial prior distribution of emissions. Over the 2011-2015 period, which is the common denominator of data availability between all sources, the anthropogenic BU approaches are directly comparable, reporting mean emissions of 20.8 Tg CH4 yr-1 (EDGAR v5.0) and 19.0 Tg CH4 yr-1 (GAINS), consistent with the NGHGI estimates of 18.9 ± 1.7 Tg CH4 yr-1. The estimates of TD total inversions give higher emission estimates, as they also include natural emissions. Over the same period regional TD inversions with higher-resolution atmospheric transport models give a mean emission of 28.8 Tg CH4 yr-1. Coarser-resolution global TD inversions are consistent with regional TD inversions, for global inversions with GOSAT satellite data (23.3 Tg CH4 yr-1) and surface network (24.4 Tg CH4 yr-1). The magnitude of natural peatland emissions from the JSBACH-HIMMELI model, natural rivers and lakes emissions, and geological sources together account for the gap between NGHGIs and inversions and account for 5.2 Tg CH4 yr-1. For N2O emissions, over the 2011-2015 period, both BU approaches (EDGAR v5.0 and GAINS) give a mean value of anthropogenic emissions of 0.8 and 0.9 Tg N2O yr-1, respectively, agreeing with the NGHGI data (0.9 ± 0.6 Tg N2O yr-1). Over the same period, the average of the three total TD global and regional inversions was 1.3 ± 0.4 and 1.3 ± 0.1 Tg N2O yr-1, respectively. The TD and BU comparison method defined in this study can be operationalized for future yearly updates for the calculation of CH4 and N2O budgets both at the EU+UK scale and at the national scale. The referenced datasets related to figures are visualized at. (Petrescu et al., 2020b).

冷戰後美軍透過救災援助等非傳統安全合作,建立更廣泛的安全夥伴網絡,並增強既有同盟對美軍的信任。在亞太地區,菲律賓是美國救災援助的最大受援者。顯然美菲間長久的軍事同盟,讓菲律賓和周邊的東南亞鄰國有所不同。但是,美菲同盟關係自2000年以來經歷數次波折,因此,究竟是救災援助促進美菲軍事同盟強化?還是美菲軍事同盟強化促進雙方的災難合作呢?通過回顧艾若育到杜特蒂三位總統期間的美菲軍事合作與救災援助,本文發現,當美菲軍事合作日趨緊密時,雙方救災相關的合作也頻繁進行。但是當雙邊軍事合作鬆散時,美軍對菲律賓的救災援助也隨之減少。雖然以往不少研究認為,災難合作會促進兩國外交關係的推進,但在美國對菲律賓的救災援助剛好相反,是災難外交受到軍事合作的影響。 ; In the post-Cold War era, U.S. troops have conducted a variety of non-traditional security cooperation such as humanitarian assistance and disaster relief to establish a broad-range security network and to boost the confidence of allies in the U.S. In the Asia Pacific, the Philippines is the largest recipient of U.S. assistance in disaster relief. Obviously, the long existence of the U.S.-Philippine alliance distinguishes the Philippines from the Southeast Asian neighbors. Nevertheless, the U.S.-Philippine alliance has experienced several ups-and-downs in the last two decades. Thus, it is worthwhile studying whether it is U.S. disaster relief assistance that saves the alliance from collapse or the alliance itself that facilitates disaster cooperation. In view of the U.S.-Philippine relations from President Arroyo through President Duterte, this paper finds that U.S. disaster relief assistance to the Philippines goes hand-in-hand with the advancement of bilateral military cooperation. This finding contradicts the conventional wisdom that disaster cooperation spurs breakthroughs in bilateral relations.

The article is devoted to the problem of textbook provision management in the United States. The research clarifies the essence of the management of textbook provision system. The peculiarities of the current system of government in the United States, which reflects the state policy in the field of education, are revealed. The author used published materials of UNESCO, the American Association for Educational Research, which through its programs, conferences, seminars promoted the issues of effective planning and management of textbook provision of educational institutions, reducing the cost of textbook production, preservation of printed textbooks, distribution networks and others. The works of American authors focusing on the issues of educational bookpublishing, development of textbooks, their adoption by the school as a means of learning are analyzed. Based on the analysis, the role of educational book publishing in the development of the American education system is clarified; some mechanisms of management at various levels (federal, state, local) are considered, including the economic mechanisms directed on support of processes of textbook creation and school book publishing; the participants of the process of providing textbooks to schools, their role as subjects of management are determined; the complex relationships that have developed between the education system, its textbook system and the school book publishing system are characterized; the social, cultural, economic conditions which provide production of the school textbook and its delivery to the consumer are considered; the factors that determine the change of the educational program according to which the textbooks are compiled, the role of the textbook in the market, its competitiveness are analyzed. ; Стаття присвячена проблемі управління забезпеченням підручниками шкільної освіти у США. У дослідженні з'ясовується сутність управління системою забезпечення підручниками шкільної освіти. Розкриваються особливості чинної системи управління у США, в якій відзеркалюється політика держави у галузі освіти. Автором використано опубліковані матеріали ЮНЕСКО, Американської асоціації освітніх досліджень, які через свої програми, конференції, семінари просували питання ефективного планування та управління процесами забезпечення підручниками закладів освіти, зниження витрат на виробництво підручників, збереження друкованих підручників, організації дистриб'юторських мереж та інші. Проаналізовано праці американських авторів, що зосереджуються на питаннях навчального книговидання, розробки підручників, їх прийняття школою як засобу навчання. На основі здійсненого аналізу з'ясовується роль навчального книговидання у розвитку системи американської освіти; розглядаються деякі механізми управління на різних рівнях (федеральному, штатному, місцевому), в тому числі економічні механізми, спрямовані на підтримку процесів підручникотворення і шкільного книговидання; визначаються учасники процесу забезпечення підручниками шкіл, їхня роль як суб'єкт-об'єктів управління; характеризуються складні взаємозв'язки, що склалися між системою освіти, її системою забезпечення підручниками та системою шкільного книговидання; розглядаються соціальні, культурні, економічні умови, які забезпечують виробництво шкільного підручника і доведення його до споживача; аналізуються фактори, що визначають зміну освітньої програми, за якою підручники складено, роль підручника на ринку, його конкуретоспроможність.

This article is created in the framework of the second-round presidential elections in Peru, from the narrative that has been generated during the political campaign and the reactions that have been seen in the media and on social networks, once that the results of the quick count were known, and they resulted in a slight distance in favor of Pedro Castillo, candidate of Peru Libre political party. The analysis proposed comes from the social imaginaries approach, to locate and try to analyze a series of discourses that have been built on the figure of the candidate of Peru Libre, and that constitutes the reflection of a resistance process that can be interpreted as 'colonial', which has also placed the country in a political polarization context, facing our Bicentennial as a independent Republic. Categories such as communist, terrorist, poor and unprepared highlander, and enemy of development are the main conditions attributed to the candidate Castillo that will be described and analyzed in this space. Undoubtedly, this subject constitutes a key issue for the current reality of the country, since we are facing a problem that dates back a long time, and that apparently in all these years has been postponed. The last elections have demonstrated the need and demand for a change in 'the system', especially from the areas and citizens historically most excluded and marginalized in the country. ; El presente artículo se genera en el marco de las elecciones presidenciales de segunda vuelta en el Perú, a partir de la narrativa que se ha generado durante la campaña política y las reacciones que se han visto en los medios y en las redes sociales, una vez que se conocieron los resultados de conteo rápido, y que dieron como resultado una ligera distancia a favor de Pedro Castillo, candidato de Perú Libre. Se propone un análisis desde el enfoque de los imaginarios sociales, para ubicar y tratar de indagar en una serie de discursos que se han construido sobre la figura del candidato de Perú Libre, y que constituye el reflejo de un proceso de resistencia que puede interpretarse como 'colonial', lo que además ha colocado al país en un contexto de polarización política, y de cara a nuestro Bicentenario como República. Categorías como comunista, terrorista, serrano pobre y sin preparación, y enemigo del desarrollo son las principales condiciones atribuidas al candidato Castillo que se describirán y se tratará de analizar en este espacio. Sin duda alguna, esto constituye un tema clave para la realidad actual del país, pues estamos enfrentando un problema que data de largo tiempo, y que al parecer su solución se ha ido posponiendo en todos estos años. Las últimas elecciones han demostrado la necesidad y el reclamo de un cambio en el 'sistema', sobre todo desde las zonas y ciudadanos históricamente más excluidos y marginados del país.

Der intensiv diskutierte Begriff Transformation bezeichnet den umfassenden Umbau gesellschaftlicher Strukturen, um gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen durch tiefgreifende Veränderungen der Energie-, Verkehrs-, Produktions- und Agrarsysteme zu adressieren. Da solch komplexe Transformationen stets mit Unsicherheiten über Effekte und Folgen einhergehen, setzen sich die Beiträge kritisch mit den Chancen und Risiken dieser Prozesse auseinander und diskutieren Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Technikfolgenabschätzung im Kontext gesellschaftlicher Transformationsprozesse. Der Band versammelt die wissenschaftlichen Beiträge der 8. internationalen Konferenz des Netzwerks Technikfolgenabschätzung, die vom 7. bis 8. November 2018 in Karlsruhe stattfand. Mit Beiträgen von Fabian Adelt, Marius Albiez, Annika Arnold, Walaa Bashary, Anja Bauer, Richard Beecroft, Alexander Bogner, Stefan Böschen, Tanja Bratan, Simone Colombo, Michael Decker, Rico Defila, Antonietta Di Giulio, Marion Dreyer, Elisabeth Ehrensperger, Philipp Ellett, Lorenz Erdmann, Ali Abdelshafy Ezzat, Erik Fisher, Michael Friedewald, Livia Fritz, Daniela Fuchs, Maryegli Fuss, Armin Grunwald, Niklas Gudowsky, Kristin Hagen, Simeon Hassemer, Alexandra Hausstein, Nils B. Heyen, Diego Iván Hidalgo Rodriguez, Peter Hocke, Florian Hoffmann, Sebastian Hoffmann, Michael Jonas, Dorothee Keppler, Jeanette Klink-Lehmann, Hannah Kosow, Cordula Kropp, Sophie Kuppler, Bastian Lange, Wolfgang Liebert, Ralf Lindner, Stephan Lingner, Andreas Lösch, Maria Maia, Martin Nicholas, Melanie Mbah, Franziska Meinherz, Rolf Meyer, Johanna Myrzik, Lisa Nabitz, Linda Nierling, Oliver Parodi, Witold-Roger Poganietz, Carmen Priefer, Filippo Reale, Ernst Dieter Rossmann, André Schaffrin, Dirk Scheer, Constanze Scherz, Jan Cornelius Schmidt, Maike Schmidt, Flurina Schneider, Andreas Seebacher, Astrid Segert, Mahshid Sotoudeh, Helge Torgersen, Ulrich Ufer, Karsten Weber, Matthias Weber und Johannes Weyer. ; The intensively discussed term transformation refers to the comprehensive restructuring of processes and behaviour in order to address societal challenges posed by far-reaching changes in energy, transport, production and agricultural systems. Since such complex transformations are always accompanied by uncertainties about their effects and consequences, the contributions in this volume critically examine the opportunities and risks involved in these processes and discuss the possibilities and limits of technology assessment in the context of societal transformations. The volume brings together the academic contributions to the 8th international conference of the Technology Assessment Network, which took place in Karlsruhe from 7th to 8th November 2018. With contributions by Fabian Adelt, Marius Albiez, Annika Arnold, Walaa Bashary, Anja Bauer, Richard Beecroft, Alexander Bogner, Stefan Böschen, Tanja Bratan, Simone Colombo, Michael Decker, Rico Defila, Antonietta Di Giulio, Marion Dreyer, Elisabeth Ehrensperger, Philipp Ellett, Lorenz Erdmann, Ali Abdelshafy Ezzat, Erik Fisher, Michael Friedewald, Livia Fritz, Daniela Fuchs, Maryegli Fuss, Armin Grunwald, Niklas Gudowsky, Kristin Hagen, Simeon Hassemer, Alexandra Hausstein, Nils B. Heyen, Diego Iván Hidalgo Rodriguez, Peter Hocke, Florian Hoffmann, Sebastian Hoffmann, Michael Jonas, Dorothee Keppler, Jeanette Klink-Lehmann, Hannah Kosow, Cordula Kropp, Sophie Kuppler, Bastian Lange, Wolfgang Liebert, Ralf Lindner, Stephan Lingner, Andreas Lösch, Maria Maia, Martin Nicholas, Melanie Mbah, Franziska Meinherz, Rolf Meyer, Johanna Myrzik, Lisa Nabitz, Linda Nierling, Oliver Parodi, Witold-Roger Poganietz, Carmen Priefer, Filippo Reale, Ernst Dieter Rossmann, André Schaffrin, Dirk Scheer, Constanze Scherz, Jan Cornelius Schmidt, Maike Schmidt, Flurina Schneider, Andreas Seebacher, Astrid Segert, Mahshid Sotoudeh, Helge Torgersen, Ulrich Ufer, Karsten Weber, Matthias Weber and Johannes Weyer.

This article is a reflective exercise on the Wiki-Politics (Jalisco) platform, it describes its composition, its organizational forms, processes, and its transformation into a conventional political party called FUTURO. In this way, this material analyzes whether this platform served as a tool that encouraged the political participation of young people in the city of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Likewise, it gives an account of the potentialities and difficulties of the institutionalization of political platforms. To analyze the political practice of this social subject and its participants, some postulates of techno-politics and the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) as a mechanism for citizen empowerment and political participation have been taken up. Likewise, in terms of methodology, the core of the process is a longitudinal process in which the authors have made use of some tools such as the semi-structured interview, ethnography, and the hemerographic, documentary and social network (virtual) registry. ; El presente artículo es un ejercicio reflexivo sobre la plataforma Wiki-Política (Jalisco), describe su composición, sus formas organizativas, procesos y su transformación en un partido político convencional denominado como FUTURO. De esta manera, este material analiza sobre si esta plataforma fungió como una herramienta que incentivó la participación política de los jóvenes en la ciudad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. Asimismo, da cuenta de las potencialidades y dificultades de la institucionalización de las plataformas políticas. Para poder analizar la práctica política de este sujeto social y de sus participantes se han retomado algunos postulados de la tecno-política y del uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) como un mecanismo de empoderamiento ciudadano y de participación política. Asimismo, en cuanto a la metodología, se tiene como médula un proceso longitudinal en el cual los autores han hecho uso de algunas herramientas como la entrevista semiestructurada, la etnografía y el registro hemerográfico, documental y de redes sociales (virtuales). ; El presente artículo es un ejercicio reflexivo sobre la plataforma Wiki-Política (Jalisco), describe su composición, sus formas organizativas, procesos y su transformación en un partido político convencional denominado como FUTURO. De esta manera, este material analiza sobre si esta plataforma fungió como una herramienta que incentivó la participación política de los jóvenes en la ciudad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. Asimismo, da cuenta de las potencialidades y dificultades de la institucionalización de las plataformas políticas. Para poder analizar la práctica política de este sujeto social y de sus participantes se han retomado algunos postulados de la tecno-política y del uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) como un mecanismo de empoderamiento ciudadano y de participación política. Asimismo, en cuanto a la metodología, se tiene como médula un proceso longitudinal en el cual los autores han hecho uso de algunas herramientas como la entrevista semiestructurada, la etnografía y el registro hemerográfico, documental y de redes sociales (virtuales).

The article provides a comparative legal analysis of the responsibility for the disclosure of state secrets in Ukraine and foreign countries.It is taken into account that information that is a state secret is extremely important for society and the state. In addition, they need special and vigilant protection from law enforcement, government agencies and civil society and each individual.It is emphasized that in modern conditions of global information network development the problems of solving access to information, as well as effective use of state information resources, which also includes information with limited access and the establishment of order to assign information from one category to another, become relevant. The legal institution of state secrets is developed in most countries of the world, where it occupies a special place and is under close attention of the state.It was found that the legislation of the three studied states (USA, UK, Germany, first of all divides the information into three blocks, and according to the degree of confidentiality of information, measures and the degree of protection of information are determined.It is concluded that a promising way to protect state secrets and distinguish it from classified information will be to adopt the experience of three separate blocks of information, namely: especially classified information, the disclosure of which provides the highest level of punishment, classified information, responsibility for which should also be expressed and enshrining in the Criminal Code of Ukraine and confidential information, for the disclosure of which to establish administrative liability,Keywords: information, state secret, secret information, confidentiality, criminal liability ; У статті здійснено порівняльно-правовий аналіз відповідальності за розголошення державної таємниці в Україні та зарубіжних країнах.Враховано те, що відомості, які становлять державну таємницю, є надзвичайноважливими для суспільства та держави. До того ж, потребуютьособливої та пильноїохорони як з боку правоохороннихорганів, державнихорганів так і з боку громадянськогосуспільства та кожного окремого індивідуума.Підкреслено, в сучасних умовах розвитку глобальної інформаційної мережі набувають своєї актуальності проблеми вирішення доступності до інформації, а також ефективного використання державних інформаційних ресурсів, до якої входить також інформація з обмеженим доступом та питання встановлення порядку для віднесення інформації від однієї категорії до іншої. Правовий інститут державної таємниці є розвинутим в більшості країн Світу, в яких займає особливе місце та перебуває під пильною увагою з боку держави.Було з'ясовано, що законодавством трьох досліджених держав (США, Великобританія, ФРН, перш за все йде розмежування інформації на три блоки, і відповідно до того, який є ступінь секретності інформації, визначаються міри та ступінь охорони інформації.Зроблено висновки, що перспективним шляхом для охорони державної таємниці та розмежуванням її з секретною інформацією буде перейняття досвіду щодо трьох окремих блоків інформації, а саме: особливо таємна інформації, за розголошення якої передбачити найвищий ступінь покарання, таємна інформація, відповідальність за яку також повинна мати вираження та закріплення у КК України та конфеденційна інформація, за розголошення якої встановити адміністративну відповідальність.Ключові слова: інформація, державна таємниця, секретна інформація, конфеденційність, кримінальна відповідальність

Monitoring groundwater quality in areas with potential contamination plays an important management tool. This research aimed to analyze a historical series of groundwater quality monitoring through a well network in a landfill area from 2007 to 2018. The results indicated changes in microbiological parameters (total and thermotolerant coliforms) which presented the largest relative contribution of the analyzed parameters. The variables chloride, nitrate and sulfate also showed changes in the analyzed period. Being these, with values in disagreement with the current legislation for the use of human supply. Among the analyzed parameters, only the pH was related to the precipitation. The grouping allowed the formation of specific groups, especially PM03, with individual characteristics among the others. Thus, it is concluded that there were changes in the water quality parameters between the analyzed period, mainly in the direction of the underground flow of the non-continuous temporary suspended aquifer. ; El monitoreo de la calidad del agua subterránea en áreas con potencial de contaminación juega una importante herramienta de gestión. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar una serie histórica de monitoreo de la calidad del agua subterránea a través de una red de pozos en el área ocupada por un relleno sanitario entre los años 2007 a 2018.Los resultados indicaron cambios en los parámetros microbiológicos (Coliformes totales y termotolerantes) estos que presentaron mayor contribución relativa de los parámetros analizados. Las variables cloruro, nitrato y sulfato también mostraron cambios en el período analizado. Siendo éstos, con valores en desacuerdo con la legislación vigente para el uso de suministros humanos. Entre los parámetros analizados, solo el pH se relacionó con la precipitación. La agrupación permitió la formación de grupos específicos, con énfasis en PM03, con características individuales entre los demás. Así, se concluye que hubo cambios en los parámetros de calidad del agua entre el período analizado, principalmente en la dirección del flujo subterráneo del acuífero suspendido temporal no continuo. ; O monitoramento da qualidade da água subterrânea em áreas com potencial de contaminação desempenha uma importante ferramenta de gestão. Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar uma série histórica do monitoramento da qualidade da água subterrânea por meio de uma rede de poços na área ocupada por um aterro sanitário entre os anos de 2007 a 2018. Os resultados indicaram alterações nos parâmetros microbiológicas (Coliformes totais e termotolerantes) estes os quais apresentaram maior contribuição relativa dos parâmetros analisados. As variáveis cloreto, nitrato e sulfato também apresentaram alterações no período analisado. Sendo estes, com valores em desacordo com a legislação vigente para o uso de abastecimento humano. Entre os parâmetros analisados, somente o pH apresentou relação com a precipitação. O agrupamento permitiu a formação de grupos específicos, com destaque ao PM03, com características individuais entre os demais. Assim, conclui-se que ocorreram alterações nos parâmetros de qualidade da água entre o período analisado, principalmente na direção do fluxo subterrâneo do aquífero suspenso temporário não contínuo.