Ethics and cyber warfare: the quest for responsible security in the age of digital warfare

Introduction: Crime or Warfare?-1 . - 1. Cyber (In)security: Threat Assessment in the Cyber Domain-16. - 2. Is There a Role for Ethics or Law in Cyber Conflict?-33. - 3. The Tallinn Manual: International Law in the Aftermath of Estonia-57. - 4. Genuine Ethics versus "Folk Morality" in Cyberspace-85. - 5. If Aristotle Waged Cyberwar: How Norms Emerge from Practice-109. - 6. Privacy, Anonymity, and the Rise of State- Sponsored Hacktivism-125. - 7. NSA Management Directive #424: Anticipatory National Self- Defense-142. - Conclusion: Toward a Code of Ethics for Cyber Warriors-157

Introduction: Crime or Warfare?-1 . - 1. Cyber (In)security: Threat Assessment in the Cyber Domain-16. - 2. Is There a Role for Ethics or Law in Cyber Conflict?-33. - 3. The Tallinn Manual: International Law in the Aftermath of Estonia-57. - 4. Genuine Ethics versus "Folk Morality" in Cyberspace-85. - 5. If Aristotle Waged Cyberwar: How Norms Emerge from Practice-109. - 6. Privacy, Anonymity, and the Rise of State- Sponsored Hacktivism-125. - 7. NSA Management Directive #424: Anticipatory National Self- Defense-142. - Conclusion: Toward a Code of Ethics for Cyber Warriors-157

"State sponsored hacktivism" constitutes a wholly new alternative to conventional armed conflict. This book explores the ethical and legal dimensions of this "soft" mode warfare grounded in a broad revisionist approach to military ethics and "just war theory" that results in a new code of ethics for today's "cyber warriors.".