Suchergebnisse

At head of title: Legislative base. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.

In spite of impressive declines in childhood mortality during the 1st half of the cent, the infant mortality rate of the US occupies an increasingly unfavorable place among those of nations whose over-all econ development is comparable during the past decade. These events are a reflection of the static or increasing proportion of the pop which has not participated in the post-war affluence of the majority. Poverty & its attendant circumstances are sources of increased health hazards, some of which can be prevented or ameliorated by comprehensive health care services of high quality. However, the existing structure, co-ordination, & administration of such services in the US militates against such a possibility. More attention must be given to total soc planning & the philosophical framework from which it derives. Present US infant mortality rates should be viewed & discussed as a serious nat'l & pol'al problem. AA.

Jane Waldfogel, Terry-Ann Craigie, and Jeanne Brooks-Gunn review recent studies that use data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS) to examine why children who grow up in single-mother and cohabiting families fare worse than children born into married-couple households. They also present findings from their own new research. Analysts have investigated five key pathways through which family structure might influence child well-being: parental resources, parental mental health, parental relationship quality, parenting quality, and father involvement. It is also important to consider the role of the selection of different types of men and women into different family types, as well as family stability. But analysts remain uncertain how each of these elements shapes children's outcomes. In addition to providing an overview of findings from other studies using FFCWS, Waldfogel, Craigie, and Brooks-Gunn report their own estimates of the effect of a consistently defined set of family structure and stability categories on cognitive, behavioral, and health outcomes of children in the FFCWS study at age five. The authors find that the links between fragile families and child outcomes are not uniform. Family instability, for example, seems to matter more than family structure for cognitive and health outcomes, whereas growing up with a single mother (whether that family structure is stable or unstable over time) seems to matter more than instability for behavior problems. Overall, their results are consistent with other research findings that children raised by stable single or cohabiting parents are at less risk than those raised by unstable single or cohabiting parents. The authors conclude by pointing to three types of policy reforms that could improve outcomes for children. The first is to reduce the share of children growing up in fragile families (for example, through reducing the rate of unwed births or promoting family stability among unwed parents). The second is to address the pathways that place such children at risk (for example, through boosting resources in single-parent homes or fostering father involvement in fragile families). The third is to address directly the risks these children face (for example, through high-quality early childhood education or home-visiting policies).

"The 4th edition of Maternal and Child Health will continue to offer a comprehensive, trusted introduction to the field of Maternal and Child Health, however this new edition, with a new author team and new MCH expert contributors, will present the traditional MCH topics in a modern context that addresses race/ethnicity, an expanded family focus (including fathers), and a broadened approach that will appeal not only to public health professionals, but also to health professionals outside public health practice"--

Kirsten Anderson, legal research and policy manager at Coram Children's Legal Centre, examines a recent Unicef report that ranks the UK 16th out of 29 rich countries in terms of child wellbeing

Although maternal socioeconomic status and health predict in part children's future health and socioeconomic prospects, it is possible that the intergenerational association flows in the other direction such that child health affects maternal outcomes. Previous research demonstrates that poor child health increases the risk of adverse maternal physical and mental health outcomes. The authors hypothesize that poor child health may also increase the risk of poor maternal health outcomes through an interaction between child health and factors associated with health outcomes, such as marital status, marital quality, and socioeconomic status. Using data on women in the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1979 cohort ( N = 2,279), the authors find evidence that the effects of certain maternal marital quality and socioeconomic factors on maternal physical and mental health depend on child health status and vice versa.

In spite of impressive declines in childhood mor tality during the first half of the century, the infant mortality rate of the United States occupies an increasingly unfavorable place among those of nations whose over-all economic develop ment is comparable during the past decade. The United States maternal and childhood mortality rates of the less- privileged segments of society occupy an increasingly un favorable place compared with those of the more privileged. These events are a reflection of the static or increasing propor tion of the population which has not participated in the post war affluence of the majority. Poverty and its attendant circumstances are sources of increased health hazards, some of which can be prevented or ameliorated by comprehensive health care services of high quality. However, the existing structure, co-ordination, and administration of such services in the United States militates against such a possibility. More attention must be given to total social planning and the philo sophical framework from which it derives. Present United States infant mortality rates should be viewed and discussed as a serious national and political problem. Concern for the prob lem should not remain, as it has during the postwar period, within the province of compartmentalized government bu reaucracies and the socially oriented professional disciplines.

1. Introducing the theory and practice of ethnography / Fiona Dykes and Renee Flacking -- 2. Ethnographic fieldwork as teamwork / Tine M. Gammeltoft -- 3. Work practice ethnography : video ethnography in maternity settings / Kajsa Brimdyr -- 4. Writing of one's own culture : an auto-ethnography of home birth midwifery in Ireland / Colm OBoyle -- 5. A mirror on practice : using ethnography to identify and facilitate best practice in maternity and child health care / Virginia Schmied, Elaine Burns and Hannah Dahlen -- 6. Cross-national ethnography in neonatal intensive care units / Renee Flacking and Fiona Dykes -- 7. Night-time on a postnatal ward : experiences of mothers, infants, and staff / Catherine E. Taylor, Kristin P. Tully, and Helen l. Ball -- 8. Fathers' emotional experiences in a neonatal unit : the effects of familiarity on ethnographic field work / Kevin Hugill -- 9. Evaluative ethnography for maternal and child nutrition interventions / Sera Young and Gretel H. Pelto -- 10. Challenges of organizational ethnography : reflecting on methodological insights / Daniel Neyland.