Suchergebnisse

Mythical land, legal boundaries : wondering about landscape and other tracts / Allen Abramson -- Whose forest, whose myth : conceptualisations of community forests in Cameroon / Philip Burnham -- The land people work and the land the ecologists want : indigenous land valorisation in a Greek island community threatened by conservation law / Dimitrios Theodossopoulos -- Tract : Locke, Heidegger and scruffy hippies in trees / Paul Durman -- Not so black and white : the effects of aboriginal law on Australian legislation / Veronica Strang -- The appropriation of lands of law by lands of myth in the Caribbean Region / Jean Besson -- Mythic rites and land rites in northern India / Kusum Gopal -- Politics, confusion and practice : landownership and de-collectivisation in Ukrain / Louise Perrotta -- The re-appropriation of Sakai Land : the case of a Shrine in Riau (Indonesia) / Nathan Porath -- Bounding the unbounded : ancestral land and Jural relations in the interior of eastern Fiji / Allen Abramson

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la situación de los aspectos jurisdiccionales de las transacciones llevadas a cabo mediante las redes electrónicas. Está motivado en la falta de consideración adecuada, tanto por parte de la academia como de los juzgados, del tema en cuestión, el que resulta fundamental para brindar certeza a los negocios en Internet. A tal efecto, se analiza la jurisprudencia de los Estados Unidos de América, buscando establecer la existencia o falta de coherencia en las decisiones judiciales con respecto a la jurisdicción. La selección del país no es arbitraria y obedece al volumen de tráfico y a la cantidad de usuarios de Internet que dicha nación ostenta, así como a la importancia que ese Estado tiene en marcar tendencias sobre cuestiones legales de alcance internacional. El análisis muestra que las Cortes de los Estados Unidos han incorporado, desde mediados del siglo XX, a la posibilidad de encontrar jurisdicción sobre un demandado residente en el foro del juzgado, la opción de que una Corte se declare competente en un caso que en el que el demandado se encuentre en extraña jurisdicción, si las actividades de dicho demandado tuvieran como objetivo lucrar de, o afectar a, el territorio sobre el cual la Corte tuviera imperio. El advenimiento de Internet puso en tela de juicio tales presupuestos, ya que su uso en sentido estricto significaría que el demandado estaría sujeto a todas las jurisdicciones en las cuales su página podría ser vista o, en caso contrario, en ninguna. Para lograr resolver tal dilema, las cortes norteamericanas han recurrido a interpretaciones flexibles de previas decisiones, lo cual ha dejado una sensación de fragmentación e inconsistencia en los fallos judiciales referidos al tema estudiado. Por un lado, algunas Cortes se han inclinado por declararse competentes sólo en casos en los que la página Web del demandado se permita un determinado nivel de interactividad o la conducta del demandado esté dirigida directamente hacia el foro, mientras que, en otra serie de casos, juzgados han hallado que tenían competencia cuando páginas Web del demandado, no interactivas sino estáticas, causaban cierto efecto en el foro, siendo la intención del demandado irrelevante en tales casos. Ante tal inconsistencia, corroborada en casos muy recientes, el trabajo concluye que se hace necesaria la urgente intervención de tribunales superiores o del correspondiente poder legislativo. / This paper analyses the current situation of Internet jurisdiction within United Status, looking for instances of coherence or incoherence between different judicial decisions at different levels. The topic is addressed due to the perceived lack of attention that both the academia and the courts have given to the issue, when it is an issue that precedes the analysis of substantial ones during court procedures. The analysis shows how with the advent of Internet the jurisprudence began to diverge to finish having two different sets of decision using different principles to decide similar situations. On one hand certain courts find jurisdiction only when the activity of the defendant is directed toward the forum of the court, while others would assert jurisdiction when the activity of the defendant has an effect on the forum, even if is not directed towards it. This situation creates a great deal of uncertainty and such inconsistency needs to be addressed by either the US Supreme Court or the legislative body.

This paper presents an economic theory of property, tort, and contract law based on the goal of efficiently governing economic exchange relationships. In the theory, legal boundaries emerge endogenously in response to exogenous differences in the nature of the underlying transaction concerning the possible existence of unforeseen or non-contractible contingencies, and/or the desire of one of the parties to make non-salvageable investments prior to trade. The analysis asks whether, in this context, the transaction is best governed by property, tort, or contract principles. The conclusions are illustrated by a discussion of several cases that occupy the "boundaries" between the various areas.

Abstract Cyber bullying is a psychologically devastating form of social cruelty among adolescents. This paper reviews the current policy vacuum of the legal obligations and expectations of schools to monitor and supervise online discourse, while balancing student safety, education, and interaction in virtual space. The paper opens with a profile and conditions of cyber bullying using an analogy to Golding's (1954), Lord of the Flies. The anarchy and deterioration of unsupervised adolescent relationships depicted in the book are compared to the deterioration of social relationships among adolescents in virtual space. A discussion of the institutional responses to cyber bullying follows. Finally, emerging and established law is highlighted to provide guidelines to help schools reduce cyber bullying through educational means that protect students and avoid litigation.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Illustrations -- Preface -- List of Acronyms -- 1 Social Communication Theory of Free Expression: Politics and the Internet -- The Internet as a Vehicle for Understanding Free Expression -- The Boundaries of Free Expression -- The Internet as Print and Broadcast -- Political Considerations of Internet Regulation -- Political Considerations in Understanding Free Expression -- The Trouble with Traditional Legal Thinking -- The Role of Social Theories in Understanding Free Expression -- The Challenge to the Communications Decency Act: Reno v. ACLU -- The Implications for Free Expression -- Focusing Social Understanding of Free Expression -- Chapter Summary -- Discussion Questions -- 2 A Historical Look at Traditional Legal Thought on Free Expression -- Common-Law Approaches -- Prior Restraint -- Colonial Influences -- Conduct and Other Forms of Free Expression -- Constitutional Impact -- Twentieth-Century Approaches -- Emergence of the Marketplace of Ideas -- Criticisms of the Marketplace of Ideas -- Calls for Social Responsibility -- Other Approaches -- First Amendment Implications -- Chapter Summary -- Discussion Questions -- 3 Broadcast Versus Print Models of Free Expression -- Public Interest, Convenience, and Necessity -- Spectrum Scarcity -- Fiduciary Responsibilities and Licensing -- Zoning Content -- The Politics of Regulation -- Regulation of Fairness -- Electoral Considerations -- Pornography, Obscenity, and Indecency -- TRAC and the Criticisms of the Distinctions -- Chapter Summary -- Discussion Questions -- 4 Normative Legal Versus Social Theory Approaches to Free Expression -- Normative Versus Social Thought -- Libel Laws -- Free Expression as the Product of Human Behavior -- Social Constraints -- Persuasion, Propaganda, and Public Opinion -- Research Limitations