Suchergebnisse

Päivi Fadjukoff seurasi tutkimuksessaan yksilöllisen identiteetin kehitystä varhaisaikuisuudesta keski-ikään, identiteetin kehitystä ennakoivia tekijöitä sekä identiteetin yhteyksiä henkilökohtaiseen hyvinvointiin keski-iässä.- Myönteinen identiteettikehitys jatkuu varhaisaikuisuudesta keski-ikään, vaikkakin yksilöllinen vaihtelu on suurta, Fadjukoff havaitsi. Aikuisuuteen yltävät identiteetin pitkittäistutkimukset ovat kansainvälisesti harvinaisia. Identiteetin jatkuva aktiivinen työstäminen myös aikuisena on kuitenkin tullut yhä tärkeämmäksi yhteiskunnallisen murroksen myötä. - Jälkimodernille yhteiskunnallemme on tyypillistä yksilöllisyyden ja yksilön omien valintojen korostaminen, arvojen suhteellisuus ja sosiaalisten systeemien mureneminen ja uudelleen organisoituminen. Tällainen toimintaympäristö on identiteetin muodostamisen kannalta aiempaa vaativampi. Esimerkiksi lyhytaikaisten työsuhteiden vaihtuminen, läpi elämän kestävä opiskelu, muutot, parisuhteiden kariutuminen tai uusperheen perustaminen edellyttävät omien arvojen, valintojen ja sitoutumisen, siis identiteetin jatkuvaa pohdintaa, Fadjukoff kertoo. Vahva identiteetti tuo järjestystä ja tarkoitusta elämään Identiteetin rakentaminen merkitsee käsityksen muodostamista omasta yksilöllisyydestä, omista arvoista ja niistä päämääristä, joihin elämässä pyrkii. Identiteetti antaa pohjan esimerkiksi sitoutumiselle ammatilliseen valintaan, parisuhteeseen, perherooliin sekä uskonnolliseen ja poliittiseen ideologiaan. - Ihmisellä on tarve tuntea olemassaoloonsa liittyvää samuutta ja jatkuvuutta vuodesta ja tilanteesta toiseen, huolimatta uusista elämäntilanteista ja siitä, että jokaisen ulkoiset piirteet muuttuvat ja käyttäytyminen vaihtelee kypsymisen ja uusien roolien myötä, Fadjukoff toteaa. Identiteetin vahvistuessa ihmiselle kasvaa varmuus siitä, että hän pyrkii ja kykenee saavuttamaan järjestyksen ja tarkoituksen elämäänsä. Pohdinnan ja kokeilujen ja identiteettikriisinkin kautta omakohtaisesti saavutettu identiteetti on osoitettu kypsimmäksi ja vahvimmaksi identiteetin tasoksi. Perheestä tai muusta taustayhteisöstä tuttuihin näkemyksiin ja normeihin tukeutuva identiteetti voi olla vahva, mutta antaa itse rakennettua identiteettiä heikommat edellytykset selviytyä elämän yllättävistä muutostilanteista. Jos identiteetti jää heikosti jäsentyneeksi, ihminen kokee hämmennystä ja epäselvyyttä suhteessa omiin pyrkimyksiinsä ja mahdollisuuksiinsa ja joutuu turvautumaan toisiin arvioidakseen itseään ja mahdollisuuksiaan. Koulumenestys ja harrastukset tukevat identiteetin kehitystä Identiteetti rakentuu elämän eri osa-alueilla usein eri aikaan ja eri tavoin. Nuoruudessa tehdään yleensä ensimmäiset tärkeät valinnat mm. uran ja parisuhteen osalta, ja vaihtoehtojen aktiivinen etsintä vähenee aikuisuuteen tultaessa. Työ, parisuhde ja elämäntyyli pysyvät useimmille keskeisinä identiteetin osa-alueina. Ideologiset alueet, kuten politiikka ja uskonto, voivat nousta tärkeiksi arvojen ja elämän merkityksellisyyden kannalta erityisesti elämän kriisitilanteissa. Parhaimmillaan identiteetti on vahva usealla eri elämänalueella. Fadjukoffin tutkimus osoitti identiteetin kehitystä ennakoivia tekijöitä eri elämänvaiheista. Kypsän identiteetin saavuttamista ennusti jo varhaisnuoruudessa oma koulumenestys sekä vanhempien korkea koulutustaso ja ammattiasema. Aikuistumisvaiheen tulokset olivat kaksitahoisia: liian varhainen siirtyminen aikuisen rooliin työelämässä ei ollut identiteetin kannalta eduksi, vaan keskimääräistä myöhempi siirtyminen kokopäiväiseen työelämään, yhdistettynä korkeampaan koulutukseen, on yhteydessä myönteiseen identiteettikehitykseen. Toisaalta vakaan parisuhteen ja perheen perustamisen viivästyminen oli yhteydessä selkiintymättömään identiteettiin. Saavutettu identiteetti liittyi lisäksi persoonallisuuden tyyleihin, joita luonnehtivat oman toiminnan ja sen seurausten arviointi, matala neuroottisuuden taso sekä älylliset kiinnostukset ja harrastukset. Saavutettu identiteetti osoittautui aikuisiän hyvinvoinnin voimavaraksi: se ennusti elämänhallinnan tunnetta, toisista huolehtimista, tuotteliaisuutta sekä psykososiaalista hyvinvointia keski-iässä. - Alhainen koulumenestys, vanhempien matala koulutustaso ja ammattiasema sekä toisaalta vetäytymistä ja ahdistuvuutta sisältävät käyttäytymisstrategiat osoittautuivat tutkimuksessa identiteetin kehityksen varhaisiksi riskitekijöiksi, Fadjukoff kertoo. Tutkimuksen keskeinen tulos on kuitenkin myönteinen, Fadjukoff muistuttaa:- Identiteetin myönteinen kasvu ja kehitys on mahdollista ja jatkuu useilla ihmisillä pitkälle aikuisikään asti edistäen heidän psykososiaalista hyvinvointiaan. Tutkimus perustuu professori Lea Pulkkisen käynnistämään yli kolmikymmenvuotiseen Lapsesta aikuiseksi –pitkittäistutkimukseen, jonka alkuperäisen satunnaisotoksen muodostivat vuonna 1968 kansakoulun toisella luokalla olleet kahdeksanvuotiaat. Fadjukoffin tutkimuksen aineistona ovat 100 pitkittäistutkimukseen osallistunutta naista ja 97 miestä, joista on koottu tietoa 14-, 27-, 36-, ja 42-vuotiaina. ; The present longitudinal study addressed the rarely studied topic of identity formation in adulthood, following the Eriksonian-Marcian research tradition. Contextual- and personality-related antecedents of identity achievement, as well as implications of achievement to later well-being, were examined. The study was part of the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development, and utilized data collected by multiple methods at ages 14, 27, 36, and 42. The original sample consisted of 12 complete second-grade school classes (173 girls and 196 boys at age 8); participants at ages 36 and 42 were representative of the population of Finnish citizens born in 1959. The 100 women and 97 men with information regarding five domains (religious beliefs, political ideology, occupational career, intimate relationships, and lifestyle) from three identity interviews at ages 27, 36, and 42 formed the primary sample of the study. General identity development toward achievement was demon­strated, although great variation emerged across domains. Progress toward identity achievement was slower in men than in women. Adult identity achievement was preceded by high educational and occupational status of one's parents in the family of origin and the participant's school success in early adolescence. Moderately early transitions into adulthood in family life but later transitions to working life (associated with higher levels of education) preceded identity achievement. Furthermore, high achievement was related to person­ality styles typical of reflectiveness, low neuroticism, and intellectual interests. Identity diffusion formed a counterpoint to achievement, and was additionally related to a withdrawn personality style and a comparative delay or failure in establishing adult intimate and family relationships. Hence, the most evident determinants of identity formation were related to education and socio­behavioral strategies. Identity achievement anticipated higher personal control over development, generativity, and sociopsychological well-being in middle age

International audience ; La Réunion is an island society shaped by racial and cultural contributions form Africa, Asia, India, Europe and Madagascar. Most of the ancestors of today's Réunionnais came to the island before and after the abolition of slavery in 1848. As the island itself has passed from being a colony to being a Département of metropolitan France, its inhabitants have passed from being slaves and then colonial subjects to being French citizens. Contemporary La Réunion is marked by radical Interculturalism and multiculturalism, the ethnocultural crossover known as métissage. This métissage is played out in a daily life through the paradigmatic phenomenon of créolisation. Créolisation and métissage refer not only to ethnicity, however, but also to crossovers in food, religion and belief, music, language, behaviour, norms, values, and so forth.The situation of La Réunion is unique. Moreover, as a former French colony and, since 1946, a Département, the island plays a key role in the Indian Ocean politics. Its geopolitical location and creolised character have enabled it to serve as an entrepot in the region; métissage have been marketed as cultural good. What i would like to ask in this paper is how cultural evetns and expressions contribute to the process of identity formation in La Réunion. What is of interest here is examining identity formation in relation to the processes of Diaspora of Indian Ocean people at large, particularly with reference to cultural factors (music, religion).

International audience ; La Réunion is an island society shaped by racial and cultural contributions form Africa, Asia, India, Europe and Madagascar. Most of the ancestors of today's Réunionnais came to the island before and after the abolition of slavery in 1848. As the island itself has passed from being a colony to being a Département of metropolitan France, its inhabitants have passed from being slaves and then colonial subjects to being French citizens. Contemporary La Réunion is marked by radical Interculturalism and multiculturalism, the ethnocultural crossover known as métissage. This métissage is played out in a daily life through the paradigmatic phenomenon of créolisation. Créolisation and métissage refer not only to ethnicity, however, but also to crossovers in food, religion and belief, music, language, behaviour, norms, values, and so forth.The situation of La Réunion is unique. Moreover, as a former French colony and, since 1946, a Département, the island plays a key role in the Indian Ocean politics. Its geopolitical location and creolised character have enabled it to serve as an entrepot in the region; métissage have been marketed as cultural good. What i would like to ask in this paper is how cultural evetns and expressions contribute to the process of identity formation in La Réunion. What is of interest here is examining identity formation in relation to the processes of Diaspora of Indian Ocean people at large, particularly with reference to cultural factors (music, religion).

AbstractWhat explains why some identities in a country become politically salient while others do not? This Special Issue crafts a research design to address two core assumptions in the literature on identity formation in select Asian countries. The first is that the area where ethnic groups reside is exogenously demarcated. Yet, the boundaries to any region are inherently political—for example, they can be endogenous to the same processes that drive identity formation. To address this, we take a novel approach by delineating regions exogenously by their cardinal directions in the country (e.g., north), and then, comparing among those regions to see which identities become salient and why. The second assumption is that there is always an alternative cleavage along which ethnic groups can coordinate. Yet, which cleavages are available and how ethnicity maps onto other cleavages (e.g., cross‐cutting) affects political identity. The articles in this Special Issue address this assumption by articulating and mapping a more complete set of cleavages. In doing so, the authors present a novel array of theories explaining the various stages along which identities fall, from absent to stunted, or from slow onset to fully solidified.

Soon after its declaration as an Islamic Republic in 1956, Islamists have experienced numerous ups and downs in Pakistan. Islamists not only try to maintain the status quo of the Islamic state but also endeavour to expand the scope of sharia. Despite insignificant achievements in elections, Islamists have mostly been able to dictate civilian and military governments in matters of national identity. One of the greatest challenges for the promotion of pluralism is the Islamists' anti-secular narrative, which holds significant backing from both the civil and the military elites. The goal of this paper is to analyse such narrative with reference to Pakistan's continuous struggle for national identity. 'The analyses propose that anti-secular voices are occupying centre stage in Pakistan, leaving little room for diverse opinions. Anti-secular groups use violence as a tool to silence any opposition against their ideology for Pakistan, which is evident by regular attacks on not only the religious minorities but also the moderate or liberal Muslim thinkers. The conflict over national identity between extremists and moderates is also one of the main causes of rising violent extremism in Pakistan.

Soon after its declaration as an Islamic Republic in 1956, Islamists have experienced numerous ups and downs in Pakistan. Islamists not only try to maintain the status quo of the Islamic state but also endeavour to expand the scope of sharia. Despite insignificant achievements in elections, Islamists have mostly been able to dictate civilian and military governments in matters of national identity. One of the greatest challenges for the promotion of pluralism is the Islamists' anti-secular narrative, which holds significant backing from both the civil and the military elites. The goal of this paper is to analyse such narrative with reference to Pakistan's continuous struggle for national identity. 'The analyses propose that anti-secular voices are occupying centre stage in Pakistan, leaving little room for diverse opinions. Anti-secular groups use violence as a tool to silence any opposition against their ideology for Pakistan, which is evident by regular attacks on not only the religious minorities but also the moderate or liberal Muslim thinkers. The conflict over national identity between extremists and moderates is also one of the main causes of rising violent extremism in Pakistan.

AbstractThe study of youth identity and its formations today is diffuse and widely expansive, charted across a variety of disciplines, including Sociology, Anthropology, Psychology, Education, History, English, and Cultural Studies. This review essay is largely concerned with youth identity formation as a socially bound process as understood by sociologists. I sketch some of the thematic currents that guide contemporary sociologists' investigations of youth identity formation as socially constituted process, and some of its exemplars. I highlight two conceptual framings of note: (a) youth identity formation as 'project' captured in the concept of 'identity work' and (b) youth identity formation as historically contingent phenomenon shaped by changes to the life course and changes in conceptions of the self in late modernity.

The purpose of this study has been to gain knowledge about the shaping of social identity among immigrants and the effect of that identity on delinquent behavior. The data are based on a longitudinal study conducted in Israel on 773 immigrant youths from the Former Soviet Union (FSU) who participated in the study for three years. Results from logistic regressions suggest that different models can explain different strategies of identity formation. Regarding delinquent behavior, the assimilation strategy of identity change increases the likelihood of delinquent behavior, but the impact of the assimilation is challenged by the effect of the proportion of the immigrants' Israeli friends. The discussion introduces the concept of subjective and objective assimilation as a possible explanation for the contradictory findings.

International audience ; The present article examines the process of collective identity formation in the context of hybrid organizing. Empirically, we investigate hybrid organizing in a collaborative structure at the interface of two heterogeneous organizations in the domain of new renewable energies. We draw on the literature on knowledge sharing across organizational boundaries, particularly the notions of transfer, translation and transformation, to examine in real time how knowledge sharing in a hybrid setting contributes (or not) to the emergence of a new collective identity at the interface of two heterogeneous organizations. Our findings point to two factors that limit knowledge sharing and hence to new collective identity formation in a hybrid space: 1) ambiguous or multiple organizational roles and 2) strong identities of the collaborating organizations. These findings contribute to illuminating the initial formation of a new collective identity in hybrid organizing, and hence how new hybrid organizational forms may emerge non-intentionally.

International audience ; The present article examines the process of collective identity formation in the context of hybrid organizing. Empirically, we investigate hybrid organizing in a collaborative structure at the interface of two heterogeneous organizations in the domain of new renewable energies. We draw on the literature on knowledge sharing across organizational boundaries, particularly the notions of transfer, translation and transformation, to examine in real time how knowledge sharing in a hybrid setting contributes (or not) to the emergence of a new collective identity at the interface of two heterogeneous organizations. Our findings point to two factors that limit knowledge sharing and hence to new collective identity formation in a hybrid space: 1) ambiguous or multiple organizational roles and 2) strong identities of the collaborating organizations. These findings contribute to illuminating the initial formation of a new collective identity in hybrid organizing, and hence how new hybrid organizational forms may emerge non-intentionally.

This paper addresses some general issues concerning consumption that arise from the work of Bauman, Beck and Giddens. All maintain that biography is a reflexive project and that life-styles and consumption are critical to identity-formation and re-formation. Bauman, especially, maintains that this is a source of anxiety, the freedom implied by consumer choice entailing a commensurate degree of personal responsibility. He observes, for instance, that a function of advertising is to assuage the self-doubt that accompanies choice. I seek to argue that these accounts of the impact of reflexive modernisation on self-identity are misjudged. Consumption would be a much less pleasurable practice if it was both subject to ever-expanding free choice and the decisions made were fundamental components of a reflexive process of identity-formation. Indeed, the consequence might well be high and visible levels of distress among those individuals most deeply involved. That this is not apparent suggests that the relationships specified between the process of identity-formation and consumption is tendentious. Consumption may be anxiety-provoking for some groups; there is a real element of risk involved in choosing inappropriately. But there are many mechanisms that serve to compensate. I explore those mechanisms, suggesting that anxiety is avoided through certain processes of group identification and social regulation which the reflexive modernisation thesis claims have atrophied. I conclude that such considerations require that these theories about the relationship between consumption and self-identity be modified.

AbstractDespite nearly half a million transnational adoptions to the United States, most of which are also transracial, sociological research has given little attention to this phenomenon. This review demonstrates why more sociological attention on Korean transnational adoption in particular is warranted. I review one area with overwhelming sociological significance—identity formation, including the distinct dimensions of racial, ethnic, and adoptive identities. While the bulk of this research has taken place outside of sociology, in reviewing the findings, I argue the sociological significance of Korean transnational transracial adoption to examinations of race, racialization, and identity formation.

The article examines the potentials of the concept of othering to describe identity formation among ethnic minorities. First, it outlines the history of the concept, its contemporary use, as well as some criticisms. Then it is argued that young ethnic minority men in Denmark are subject to intersectional othering, which contains elements of exoticist fascination of the other. On the basis of ethnographic material, it is analysed how young marginalized ethnic minority men react to othering. Two types of reactions are illustrated: 1) capitalization on being positioned as the other, and 2) refusing to occupy the position of the other by disidentification and claims to normality. Finally, it is argued that the concept of othering is well suited for understanding the power structures as well as the historic symbolic meanings conditioning such identity formation, but problematic in terms of agency.

Every nation is quite diverse in terms of his historical destiny, spiritual priorities, and cultural heritage. However, voluntary European integration, which is the final aim of political integration that began in the second half of the twentieth century from Western Europe, provided for an availability of large number of characteristics in common in political cultures of their societies. Therefore, Ukraine needs to find some common determinants that can create inextricable relationship between the European Community and Ukraine. Although Ukrainian culture is an intercultural weave of two East macrocivilizations, according to the author, Ukraine tends to Western-style society with its openness, democracy, tolerance, which constitute the basic values of Europeans.
Keywords: Identity, collective identity, European values, European integration

The focus of this study is on the ways in which skin color moderates the perceptions of opportunity and academic orientation of 17 Mexican and Puerto Rican high school students. More specifically, the study's analysis centered on cataloguing the racial/ethnic identification shifts (or not) in relation to how they perceive others situate them based on skin color.