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"Supp. no. 1." ; "C 22-J4." ; "OCT 84." ; Cover title. ; Mode of access: Internet.

"Dieses Working Paper widmet sich der Ermittlung und Weiterentwicklung bestehender Verfahren für eine partizipative Technikentwicklung. Eine methodisch reflektierte Bedarfsanalyse, gekoppelt an das 'Szenario-basierte Design' (Rosson/ Carroll 2003) kann, so die hier vertretene These, ein viel versprechendes Instrument für eine partizipative, nutzerzentrierte Technikentwicklung darstellen. Auf der Grundlage erster Erfahrungen eines solchen Vorgehens wird ein iteratives Phasenmodell vorgestellt, das einen funktionalen Wissenstransfer zwischen allen relevanten Akteuren aus den Herstellungs- und Verwendungskontexten ermöglicht." (Autorenreferat)

Urban design enables better places to be created for people and is thus seen in Urban Design in the Real Estate Development Process as a place-making activity, rather than the application of architectural aesthetics. Urban design policy can change the 'decision environment' of developers, financiers, designers and other actors in the real estate development process to make them take place-making more seriously. This book reports diverse international experience from Europe and North America on the role and significance of urban design in the real estate development process and explores how high.

Urban design enables better places to be created for people and is thus seen in Urban Design in the Real Estate Development Process as a place-making activity, rather than the application of architectural aesthetics. Urban design policy can change the 'decision environment' of developers, financiers, designers and other actors in the real estate development process to make them take place-making more seriously. This book reports diverse international experience from Europe and North America on the role and significance of urban design in the real estate development process and explores how hig

This paper explores the attitudes and practices of property developers and related agents in facilitating or constraining disabled people's access in the built environment. While acknowledging that the development process is characterised by a range of socio-institutional structures and relations which are insensitive to and ignorant of the needs of disabled people, we develop the proposition that developers' responses to disabled people are not necessarily invariant, predictable or reducible to a cost calculus. Rather, our evidence is illustrative of a heterogeneity of developers' attitudes and responses to the needs of disabled people. We conclude by commenting on practical and political possibilities for changing the social relations of the development process in ways which will incorporate access as an integral element of the design and development of the built environment.

In Indonesia, literature has been one of critical media to respond to the political and social issues. This study reviewed three literary works of the three Indonesian writers from different era: Bumi Manusia (1980) by Pramoedya Ananta Toer, Potret Pembangunan dalam Puisi (1980) by W.S. Rendra and Laskar Pelangi (2008) by Andrea Hirata. In this study, the writer analyzed how each literary work conceive the idea of political and educational development and how they contribute positive impacts to the development process of Indonesia society. The findings confirm each literary work has some similarities to the other in regards to contribute the idea of Indonesia development. The three authors agreed that education is an effective aspect to develop Indonesia society. They also have the same opinion that education which has a better quality is not always come from the formal institution. They depict a wider concept of education which is obtained from the fantastic culture and moral values.Keywords: Indonesian literature, the role of literature, development

First published in 1992.

This study investigates the impact of political evaluations on the behaviour of leading county and township cadres in rural China. The article is structured in two parts. In the first section the institutional foundations of the evaluation system for local administrations in rural China will be introduced. The section will conclude with a brief overview of policy reforms initiated by the centre to tackle some of the perceived shortcomings of the present system. The second part of this article will feature the behavioural responses of local cadres to evaluations as identified in our field research interviews and secondary literature. It becomes obvious that the performance evaluation system and its targets have become an important point of orientation for local cadres-although there are important variations among different groups of officials. Finally, in the conclusion the argument for an alternative perspective on performance evaluations in the context of rural China will be developed: on the one side a channel for specialised political communication, steering cadres' behaviour and promoting an incentive system; on the other side a trigger to a multitude of social responses of leading local cadres. In the end these social responses might have more influence on cadre behaviour than the incentives embodied in the evaluations themselves. (J Contemp China/GIGA)