Suchergebnisse

From the 1880s through the 1940s, tens of thousands of first- and second-generation immigrants embraced the anarchist cause after arriving on American shores. Kenyon Zimmer explores why these migrants turned to anarchism, and how their adoption of its ideology shaped their identities, experiences, and actions. Zimmer focuses on Italians and Eastern European Jews in San Francisco, New York City, and Paterson, New Jersey. Tracing the movement's changing fortunes from the pre-World War I era through the Spanish Civil War, Zimmer argues that anarchists, opposed to both American and Old World nationalism, severed all attachments to their nations of origin but also resisted assimilation into their host society. Their radical cosmopolitan outlook and identity instead embraced diversity and extended solidarity across national, ethnic, and racial divides. Though ultimately unable to withstand the onslaught of Americanism and other nationalisms, the anarchist movement nonetheless provided a shining example of a transnational collective identity delinked from the nation-state and racial hierarchies.

AbstractAccording to the Westphalian system of international law, all people are meant to be citizens or subjects of territorially bounded and sovereign nation‐states, which in turn guarantee certain rights to, and impose certain duties upon, their members. Anarchism, by contrast, is predicated upon a rejection of the legitimacy of state sovereignty, and a refutation of the justness and practicability of representative government. Anarchists took individual and collective "self‐determination" to their logical extremes—and in the process confounded state legal regimes and bureaucracies that understood national belonging and individual rights only in terms of citizenship. From the perspective of the United States, alien anarchists "belonged" back in their countries of origin, but from those European states' perspective, anarchists had no place in their national communities. This article examines how both radicals and governments in the era of America's "First Red Scare" engaged with the rules governing the interstate system. As individual radicals, government functionaries, and international diplomats wrestled to define where anarchists belonged in the international order of nation‐states, the solutions they found simultaneously reinforced the boundaries of the Westphalian system and revealed contradictions and fissures within it.

Initially among the Bolshevik Revolution's most ardent supporters in the United States, anarchists rapidly became its most outspoken left-wing critics. This article focuses on the transnational exchanges of information, analyses, and individuals that caused this about-face and its repercussions. Hundreds of Russian-born anarchists returned from the United States in 1917 and participated in the revolutionary upheavals in Russia, only to subsequently face repression and disillusionment. Their experiences in turn provided the basis for their American comrades' understanding of Soviet Communism as a betrayal of the popular revolution originating "from below" and an inherently authoritarian system. Anarchists' new anti-Communist imperative decisively shaped their activities in 1920s and 1930s, while simultaneously leading to their increasing marginalization within the labor movement and the Left. Conflict between anarchists and Communists erupted within the Industrial Workers of the World and the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, to the detriment of all. It also spilled over into the anti-Fascist movement and, subsequently, into anarchist understandings of, and participation in, the Spanish Civil War. The Bolshevik consolidation of power, the advent of the Popular Front, and the fall of Spain simultaneously provided anarchists with important insights into the nature of Soviet Communism, cemented their antiauthoritarian beliefs, and rendered them ineffective by placing them outside of the emerging Cold War dichotomy of the Stalinist "Left" and anti-Stalinist "Right."

Introduction. From immigration history to deportation history / Donna R. Gabaccia -- National expulsions in a transnational world: the global dimensions of American deportation practice, 1920-1935 / Emily Pope-Obeda -- Globalization and the border wall: transnational policing regimes in North America, 1890s to the present / Elliott Young -- Assassination, extradition, and the public sphere: the Cabrera-Barillas affair in Porfirian Mexico / David C. Lafevor -- Undesirable foreigners: the dilemmas of immigration policy in revolutionary Mexico / Pablo Yankelevich -- The voyage of the Buford: political deportations and the making and unmaking of America's first Red scare / Kenyon Zimmer -- Deportable citizens: the decoupling of race and citizenship in the construction of the "anchor baby" / Natalia Molina -- A half-century of defending migrants: the American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born and the repurposing of immigrant rights advocacy, 1959-1980 / Rachel Ida Buff

"Jewish history and the history of anarchism have long marginalized Jewish anarchist thought and action. Anna Elena Torres and Kenyon Zimmer edit a collection of essays aimed at recovering the many rich strands of this lost past. The contributors introduce a range of perspectives while offering transdisciplinary research in areas like the history of radicalism, theology, women's history, and communications history. Jewish anarchism's multilingual nature helps us understand the impact of language politics on questions of cultural and ethnic identity. The contributions illuminate an ongoing engagement with non-Jewish radical cultures by looking at the Jewish anarchist press's passion for translating philosophy, political theory, and literature into the many native languages of its readers. The writers also reveal that Jewish anarchists drew from a matrix of secular, cultural, and religious influences--not all of them Judaic--to create anarchisms that ranged from mysticism to ethnically mixed, militantly atheist revolutionary cells"--

"Jewish history and the history of anarchism have long marginalized Jewish anarchist thought and action. Anna Elena Torres and Kenyon Zimmer edit a collection of essays aimed at recovering the many rich strands of this lost past. The contributors introduce a range of perspectives while offering transdisciplinary research in areas like the history of radicalism, theology, women's history, and communications history. Jewish anarchism's multilingual nature helps us understand the impact of language politics on questions of cultural and ethnic identity. The contributions illuminate an ongoing engagement with non-Jewish radical cultures by looking at the Jewish anarchist press's passion for translating philosophy, political theory, and literature into the many native languages of its readers. The writers also reveal that Jewish anarchists drew from a matrix of secular, cultural, and religious influences--not all of them Judaic--to create anarchisms that ranged from mysticism to ethnically mixed, militantly atheist revolutionary cells"--