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ABSTRACTIn 2011, a large Hungarian chemical factory was acquired by a Chinese competitor. The resulting encounter between Chinese managers and Hungarian staff — which took place in the context of a harsh retrenchment that has curtailed the powers of organized labour in Hungary — highlights the inadequacy of dichotomies such as North/South, East/West and socialist/capitalist. As with other corporate acquisitions in Europe, Chinese managers expected to 'learn' from 'advanced Western management practices'; instead, they found what they interpreted as a backward, 'socialist' work culture in need of modernization. For their part, Hungarian staff feared the imposition of a culturally inappropriate 'Asian labour discipline', but have come to see at least some of the changes as part of a necessary modernization. 'Asian', 'European', 'Western' and 'socialist' are floating signifiers used by both Chinese and Hungarian staff at the factory in various, often contradictory ways to justify management choices, staff resistance or individual preferences. As a result of their analysis, the authors suggest that discussions about the impact of Chinese investment on labour practices should recognize a wider range of contexts, including the presence of precarious socioeconomic environments within the so‐called 'advanced economies'.

This article analyses the interaction between China and the CGIAR (formerly the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research) since the 1970s, exploring the formation of China's modern agricultural science capability and its approach towards learning. While China was previously regarded and treated as a recipient of international scientific expertise, it is now a more equal partner and contributor, with capacity to provide funds, support exchange programmes for scientists, and collaborate in building laboratories and joint research programmes. Some of these now extend beyond the CGIAR system and are creating new platforms for scientific collaboration and knowledge production in the South. By offering an illustration of China's 'selective learning' approach, emphasising self-reliance and pragmatism in its engagement with the CGIAR, this article feeds into broader debates on how China contributes to global development knowledge and learning.

1. History of China's Agricultural Aid to Africa: Why and How -- 2. Agricultural Development through Science and Technology: The Extraterritorial Travel of Agricultural Technocratic Rationality -- 3. Closing-Gap Experience Sharing in Foreign Aid: A Learning Process Based on Construction and Embedding -- 4. Writing Prescriptions while Selling Medicine: Development of a Mechanism with Blurred Boundaries -- 5. Institutional Learning: Innovation in Mutual Adaptation -- 6. Inspiration and Aspiration: National Interest and Profit Motive -- 7. Representing the Country: Assistance Provider and Boundary Construction

Qi Wang,1 Zhanwei Wang,1 Feifei Zhang,1 Chunjiang Zhao,1 Bin Yang,2 Ziyong Sun,3 Yaning Mei,4 Feng Zhao,5 Kang Liao,6 Dawen Guo,7 Xiuli Xu,8 Hongli Sun,9 Zhidong Hu,10 Yunzhuo Chu,11 Yi Li,12 Ping Ji,13 Hui Wang1 1Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China; 2Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, People's Republic of China; 3Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China; 4Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China; 5Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Shaw Hospital (SRRSH), Affiliated with the Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, People's Republic of China; 6Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China; 7Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China; 8Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xijing Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 100191, People's Republic of China; 9Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China; 10Department of Clinical Laboratory, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China; 11Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China; 12Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, People's Republic of China; 13Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, People's Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Hui WangDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of ChinaTel/ Fax +86-10-88326300Email whuibj@163.comPurpose: The Chinese Meropenem Surveillance Study (CMSS) was conducted every 2 years from 2010 to 2018 to monitor the antimicrobial activity of commonly used antimicrobial agents against nosocomial gram-negative bacilli in China.Methods: From 2010 to 2018, 6,537 gram-negative bacilli were collected from 14 teaching hospitals. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of meropenem and other antimicrobial agents were determined using the agar dilution and broth microdilution methods.Results: Continuous surveillance indicated that, except for Klebsiella pneumoniae, the susceptibility of Enterobacterales to carbapenems was relatively stable over time. Carbapenems had the highest activity against the tested isolates, with MIC90 values (MIC for 90% of organisms) ranging from 0.032 mg/L to 8 mg/L. More than 90% of bacteria were susceptible to either meropenem or imipenem; more than 80% were susceptible to ertapenem. The prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. mirabilis each year was 50.4– 64.3%, 18– 41.2%, and 1.9– 33.8%, respectively. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) continued to increase significantly over time, from 7.6% to 21.2% and 64.6% to 69.3%, respectively. The prevalence of CRKP was higher from urinary tract infections (25.4%) than from bloodstream infections (14.2%), intra-abdominal infections (14.5%), and respiratory infections (14.4%). In total, 129 CRKP isolates were evaluated by PCR; of these, 92 (71.3%) carried the blaKPC-2 gene. Colistin maintained very high in vitro antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii (more than 95% of isolates exhibited susceptibility at all timepoints).Conclusion: The results indicate an increase in K. pneumoniae resistance to carbapenems over time, mainly owing to KPC-type carbapenemase production. A. baumannii was severely resistant to carbapenems in China. Ongoing MIC-based resistance surveillance, like CMSS, provides additional data for clinical anti-infective treatment.Keywords: CMSS, gram-negative bacilli, antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance, carbapenem-resistant