Suchergebnisse

Translated from Sovetskoe Gosudarstvo i Pravo. no. 11, 1969.

A new effective non-invasive method of screening of highly productive forms of buckwheat sowing (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) based on rapid testing of buckwheat seedling intensity exudation of organic acids root system in the laboratory is offered. Buckwheat seeds were germinated on agar gel layer which contains in its composition acid-base indicator followed by visual assessment of the indicator color changes around primary root and plants with the largest area of color change were selected. The effectiveness of the method was confirmed in the field conditions by phenotyping of plants and significant differences in determining the structure and yield performance of selected plants were found. Statistical analysis of indicators grain number and grain weight showed that these indicators in selected plants were over 6 times higher than in the control variant with the degree of reliability of 99%.

Utilities as a type of mixed public good have the characteristic of non-rivalry, that is, they must be available to the entire population without exception and all households must be able to pay for them. As a rule, such financial inclusion is achieved by providing targeted assistance to low-income families. For example, in Russia this problem is solved by a program of subsidies for housing and communal services. In various countries, other mechanisms are also used: the provision of social housing, budget subsidies for producers, price discrimination. This paper analyzes another way to reduce the financial burden for consumers of utility services, which has been used in most developed countries. It consists of shifting part of the costs of developing engineering infrastructure to future consumers through connection fees (technological connection) for capital construction projects. From the perspective of pricing theory, it is shown that connection fees can reduce the average costs of a utility company passed on to consumers of services; it is graphically illustrated how connection fees increase the financial affordability of utility services for consumers and reduce budget costs for subsidizing the payment of housing and communal services for households with low incomes.

Please read abstract in the article. ; DATA AVAILABILITY: The data underlying this article were accessed from the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO; www.ska.ac.za). ; The National Research Foundation (NRF), SARAO. MP, SMR, the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council, the Oxford Hintze Centre for Astrophysical Surveys that is funded through generous support from the Hintze Family Charitable Foundation, the Rhodes University Centre for Radio Astronomy Techniques and Technologies (RATT), the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under a Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant, the Inter-University Institute for Data Intensive Astronomy (IDIA), the South African Research Chairs Initiative of the NRF, the Glasstone Foundation, the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, the Science and Technology Foundation (FCT, Portugal), the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), the South African Astronomical Observatory, the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), the Inter-University Institute for Data Intensive Astronomy (IDIA) and the ERC-Stg DRANOEL. ; https://academic.oup.com/mnras ; hj2022 ; Physics

Measuring radio emission from air showers offers a novel way to determine properties of the primary cosmic rays such as their mass and energy. Theory predicts that relativistic time compression effects lead to a ring of amplified emission which starts to dominate the emission pattern for frequencies above ~100 MHz. In this article we present the first detailed measurements of this structure. Ring structures in the radio emission of air showers are measured with the LOFAR radio telescope in the frequency range of 110 - 190 MHz. These data are well described by CoREAS simulations. They clearly confirm the importance of including the index of refraction of air as a function of height. Furthermore, the presence of the Cherenkov ring offers the possibility for a geometrical measurement of the depth of shower maximum, which in turn depends on the mass of the primary particle. ; We acknowledge financial support from the Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA), the Samenwerkingsverband Noord-Nederland (SNN), the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM) and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), VENI Grant 639-041-130. We acknowledge funding from an Advanced Grant of the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement no. 227610.

Measuring radio emission from air showers offers a novel way to determine properties of the primary cosmic rays such as their mass and energy. Theory predicts that relativistic time compression effects lead to a ring of amplified emission which starts to dominate the emission pattern for frequencies above ~100 MHz. In this article we present the first detailed measurements of this structure. Ring structures in the radio emission of air showers are measured with the LOFAR radio telescope in the frequency range of 110 - 190 MHz. These data are well described by CoREAS simulations. They clearly confirm the importance of including the index of refraction of air as a function of height. Furthermore, the presence of the Cherenkov ring offers the possibility for a geometrical measurement of the depth of shower maximum, which in turn depends on the mass of the primary particle. ; We acknowledge financial support from the Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA), the Samenwerkingsverband Noord-Nederland (SNN), the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM) and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), VENI Grant 639-041-130. We acknowledge funding from an Advanced Grant of the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement no. 227610.