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Purpose– The purpose of this article is to shed light on opportunities for social capital during the conceptualization and initial implementation of innovative social enterprises dedicated to violence prevention and youth empowerment in Brazil.Design/methodology/approach– Based on a two-tiered interview process over a nine-month period with 27 social entrepreneurs in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, attention is given to with whom, where and in what ways these innovators accessed and utilized the skills and knowledge necessary to develop and administer social entrepreneurial programs.Findings– The findings reveal more than any other social actor the target population featured most frequently in interviews with social entrepreneurs.Research limitations/implications– Because of the small scale of the study and the specific focus of the social entrepreneurs, the implications of the study are not generalizable to social entrepreneurs across fields.Practical implications– The findings are valuable because they can inform future social entrepreneurs dedicated to violence prevention and youth empowerment about social relations they may wish to cultivate to access relevant social resources during the initial stages of social entrepreneurship.Social implications– Among other benefits, investing in social relations with the target population could help minimize top-down models, which have been a common criticism among third-sector social enterprises.Originality/value– The value of this study is that it adds insight into how the social entrepreneurs built trust among this critical group of actors as well as an analysis of the outcome of the social capital embedded in relations with the target population during the initial stages of social entrepreneurship.

Intro -- Contents -- Foreword -- 1. Crossing Divides: Archaeology as Long-Term History -- 2. Agency and Practice in Apalachee Province -- 3. Long-Term History, Positionality, Contingency, Hybridity: Does Rethinking Indigenous History Reframe the Jamestown Colony? -- 4. When Moral Economies and Capitalism Meet: Creek Factionalism and the Colonial Southeastern Frontier -- 5. Not Just "One Site Against the World": Seneca Iroquois Intercommunity Connections and Autonomy, 1550-1779 -- 6. A Prophet Has Arisen: The Archaeology of Nativism among the Nineteenth-Century Algonquin Peoples of Illinois -- 7. Mountain Shoshone Technological Transitions across the Great Divide -- 8. The Plains Hide Trade: French Impact on Wichita Technology and Society -- 9. "Like Butterflies on a Mounting Board": Pueblo Mobility and Demography before 1825 -- 10. The Diné at the Edge of History: Navajo Ethnogenesis in the Northern Southwest, 1500-1750 -- 11. A Cross-Cultural Study of Colonialism and Indigenous Foodways in Western North America -- 12. Identity Collectives and Religious Colonialism in Coastal Western Alaska -- 13. Crossing, Bridging, and Transgressing Divides in the Study of Native North America -- References Cited -- About the Contributors -- Index.

River floodplains sustain irrigated agriculture worldwide. Despite generalised groundwater level falls, limited hard data are available to apportion groundwater sources in many irrigated regions. In this paper, we propose a workflow based on: hydrochemical analysis, water stable isotopes, radiocarbon contents and multivariate statistical analysis to facilitate the quantification of groundwater source attribution at regional scales. Irrigation water supply wells and groundwater monitoring wells sampled in the alluvial aquifer of the Condamine River (Queensland, Australia) are used to test this approach that can easily be implemented in catchments worldwide. The methodology identified four groundwater sources: 1) river/flood water; 2) modified river/flood water; 3) groundwater recharged through regional volcanic materials and 4) groundwater recharged predominantly through sands and/or sandstone materials. The first two sources are characterised by fresh water, dominant sodium bicarbonate chemistry, short residence time and depleted water stable isotope signatures. Groundwater sources 3 and 4 are characterised by saline groundwater, sodium chloride chemistries, enriched water stable isotopes and very low radiocarbon contents, inferred to correspond to long residence times. The majority of wells assessed are dominated by flood water recharge, linked to decadal >300 mm rainfall events and associated flooding in the region. The approach presented here provides a groundwater source fingerprint, reinforcing the importance of floodwater recharge in the regional water budgets. This apportioning of groundwater sources will allow irrigators, modelers and managers to assess the long-term sustainability of groundwater use in alluvial catchments. ; This research was funded by the Cotton Research and Development Corporation, Australia, Grant Number UNSW1401. The authors would like to thank Lucienne Martel for her assistance with sample collection. We would also like to thank all cotton growers who provided access to their irrigation water supply wells and the staff at the Queensland Department of Natural Resources and Mines (Toowoomba, Office) who facilitated at short notice access to the government groundwater monitoring wells. Dr. Matthias Raiber (CSIRO) is also acknowledged for conversations and assistance in the field during sampling. Chris Dimovski, Barbora Gallagher, Robert Chisari, Henri Wong, Brett Rowling and Vlad Levchenko from ANSTO are also acknowledged for their constant logistic and analytical support. Laura Scheiber and Enric Vázquez-Suñé would like to thanks Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Project CEX2018-000794-S). The authors also thank Lisa Williams for editing and proofreading the manuscript. ; Peer reviewed

AkvaGIS is a novel, free and open source module included in the FREEWAT plugin for QGIS that supplies a standardized and easy-to-use workflow for the storage, management, visualization and analysis of hydrochemical and hydrogeological data. The main application is devised to simplify the characterization of groundwater bodies for the purpose of building rigorous and data-based environmental conceptual models (as required in Europe by the Water Framework Directive). For data-based groundwater management, AkvaGIS can be used to prepare input files for most groundwater flow numerical models in all of the available formats in QGIS. AkvaGIS is applied in the Walloon Region (Belgium) to demonstrate its functionalities. The results support a better understanding of the hydrochemical relationship among aquifers in the region and can be used as a baseline for the development of new analyses, e.g., further delineation of nitrate vulnerable zones and management of the monitoring network to control chemical spatial and temporal evolution. AkvaGIS can be expanded and adapted for further environmental applications as the FREEWAT community grows. © 2018 The Authors ; Funding text This paper is presented within the framework of the project FREEWAT , which received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement n. 642224 . R. Criollo thanks the financial support from the Catalan Industrial Doctorates Plan of the Secretariat for Universities and Research , Ministry of Economy and Knowledge of the Generalitat de Catalunya . A. Jurado and E. Pujades gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the University of Liège and the EU through the Marie Curie BeIPD-COFUND postdoctoral fellowship programme (2015–2017 and 2014–2016 fellows from FP7-MSCA-COFUND , 600405 ). ; Peer reviewed