Stalinismo di frontiera: colonizzazione agricola, sterminio dei nomadi e costruzione statale in Asia centrale (1905 - 1936)
In: Media et orientalis Europa 3
26 Ergebnisse
Sortierung:
In: Media et orientalis Europa 3
In: Ab imperio: studies of new imperial history and nationalism in the Post-Soviet space, Band 2022, Heft 1, S. 280-285
ISSN: 2164-9731
In: Europe Asia studies, Band 73, Heft 10, S. 1981-1982
ISSN: 1465-3427
In: Ab imperio: studies of new imperial history and nationalism in the Post-Soviet space, Band 2021, Heft 3, S. 111-135
ISSN: 2164-9731
In: Modern Asian studies, Band 54, Heft 6, S. 1828-1875
ISSN: 1469-8099
AbstractThis article utilizes material from archives in Kazakhstan, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan as well as published Chinese sources to explore the opium trade between Tsarist Turkestan and Xinjiang from the early 1880s to 1917. It focuses on two different levels: the borderlands economy and society, and state policies towards illegal (or 'grey') markets. The main groups active in the trade were Hui/Dungan and Taranchi migrants from China, who had fled Qing territory after the repression of the great anti-Qing Muslim revolts during the 1860s and 1870s. After settling in Tsarist territory, they grew poppies and exported opium back across the border to China. This article shows how the borderland economy was influenced by the late-Qing anti-opium campaign, and especially by the First World War. During the war, the Tsarist government tried to create a state opium monopoly over the borderland economy, but this attempt was botched first by the great Central Asian revolt of 1916, and later by the 1917 revolution. Departing from the prevailing historiography on borderlands, this article shows how the international border, far from being an obstacle to the trade, was instead the main factor that made borderland opium production and trade possible. It also shows how the borderland population made a strategic use of the border-as-institution, and how local imperial administrators—in different periods and for different reasons—adapted to, fostered, or repressed this most profitable borderland economic activity.
In: Nationalities papers: the journal of nationalism and ethnicity, Band 48, Heft 3, S. 513-529
ISSN: 1465-3923
AbstractBased on research in Kazakhstani and Russian archives, this article is a regional study of the 1931–1933 Soviet famine. It compares Soviet policies in the southern and northern "halves" of the Aral Sea region. While the Kazaks in the northern part of the region suffered from the famine, the Karakalpaks in the south did not. The article explains this difference by underscoring the role of the main transportation infrastructure connecting Central Asia to Russia, the Orenburg-Tashkent railway. The railway crossed the northern, Kazak, part of the Aral Sea region and made massive livestock and grain procurements possible, while the absence of any reliable transportation route connecting Karakalpakstan to Soviet industrial centers contributed to shielding the Karakalpaks from the famine. The article also investigates the consequences of the famine for the Aral Sea fishing economy. The famine led to the inversion of the relative economic importance of the northern and southern parts of the sea: if before the famine fishing was concentrated in the former, after the famine it had shifted to the latter. Finally, the article situates the administrative detachment of Karakalpakstan from Kazakstan in 1930 within the context of Stalinist economic policies in Central Asia.
In: Journal of the economic and social history of the Orient: Journal d'histoire économique et sociale de l'orient, Band 62, Heft 4, S. 626-673
ISSN: 1568-5209
AbstractThe article addresses the managing of Aral Sea fisheries by the Tsarist administration, and the making of a colonial frontier inhabited by exiled Ural Cossack, Qaraqalpaq, Qazaq, Russian, and Ukrainian fishermen. By comparing the different power relations between Cossacks and the local population on the Ural River and in the Aral Sea region, it shows how they shaped fisheries management regulations and their effectiveness. It also investigates the conditions of production of scientific knowledge on the Aral Sea ecosystem and what role it played in governance decision-making. By drafting a series of fishing regulations and by examining the balance between humans and aquatic animals, scientists oriented the Tsarist government's decisions on how to manage both the fisheries and the populations that exploited them. At the same time, members of a specific social group, the exiled Ural Cossacks, functioned as mediators between the imperial state and an ecosystem undergoing colonization.
In: Contemporary European history, Band 27, Heft 3, S. 440-444
ISSN: 1469-2171
Anne Applebaum is one of the most prominent public intellectuals and opinion makers battling the on-going authoritarian and populist drive on both sides of the Atlantic. Her public commitment to denouncing Putin's authoritarian regime and its aggression against Ukraine is closely related to the pages of Red Famine, which tackles the most contentious historical event dividing the Russian and Ukrainian political classes.
In: Central Asian survey, Band 36, Heft 1, S. 73-92
ISSN: 0263-4937
World Affairs Online
In: Annales: histoire, sciences sociales, Band 71, Heft 4, S. 1044-1047
ISSN: 1953-8146
In: Central Asian survey, Band 36, Heft 1, S. 73-92
ISSN: 1465-3354
In: East/West: journal of Ukrainian Studies, Band 3, Heft 2, S. 75
ISSN: 2292-7956
The article places the great famine in Kazakhstan (1931-33) in the context of policies implemented by the Stalinist and Maoist governments towards Central Eurasian pastoral populations. After highlighting the factors that caused the famine in Ukraine, the article focuses on the specificities of the famine among the Kazakhs, and its regional distribution within Kazakhstan. It then analyses the role that the same factors could have played in other mainly pastoral regions, both during the 1930s (Kyrgyz ASSR, Outer Mongolia), and during Mao's Great Leap Forward (Inner Mongolia, Tibet, Qinghai, Xinjiang). The article compares the different cases and investigates their transnational connections.
In: Revue d'études comparatives est-ouest: RECEO, Band 46, Heft 2, S. 222-228
ISSN: 2259-6100
In: Cahiers du monde russe: Russie, Empire Russe, Union Soviétique, Etats Indépendants ; revue trimestrielle, Band 50, Heft 4, S. 896-899
ISSN: 1777-5388
In: Cahiers du monde russe: Russie, Empire Russe, Union Soviétique, Etats Indépendants ; revue trimestrielle, Band 50, Heft 2-3
ISSN: 1777-5388