How Did 9/11 Affect Terrorism Research? Examining Articles and Authors, 1970–2019
In: Terrorism and political violence, Band 35, Heft 2, S. 409-432
ISSN: 1556-1836
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In: Terrorism and political violence, Band 35, Heft 2, S. 409-432
ISSN: 1556-1836
In: International interactions: empirical and theoretical research in international relations, Band 45, Heft 2, S. 316-343
ISSN: 1547-7444
How does branding militant groups as "Foreign Terrorist Organizations" (FTOs) affect them? Beyond its obvious policy importance, this question speaks to debates about counterterrorism, terrorism financing, and organizational dynamics of subnational violence. This article analyzes FTO designation, a key policy used by the U.S. government since 1997 to impose costs on foreign terrorist groups and those who might support them. Contrary to arguments that sanctions are ineffective and that terrorism is too "cheap" to be affected, it is argued that designation should weaken terrorist groups, reducing their attacks over time. However, the effect is probably conditional. FTO designation should be especially effective against groups operating in U.S.-aligned countries, given the importance of international cooperation in counterterrorism. Global quantitative analyses suggest that FTOs operating in U.S.-aligned countries carry out fewer attacks over time than other groups, taking many other factors into consideration.
World Affairs Online
In: Studies in conflict & terrorism, Band 42, Heft 10/12, S. 898-914
ISSN: 1057-610X
World Affairs Online
In: International interactions: empirical and theoretical research in international relations, Band 45, Heft 2, S. 316-343
ISSN: 1547-7444
In: Studies in conflict and terrorism, Band 42, Heft 11, S. 997-1019
ISSN: 1521-0731
In the past 10 years in Mexico, more than 100,000 people have been killed in violence related to organized crime. Some attacks have left horrific scenes, meant to send messages to the public or government. Debate continues about how to characterize this violence, and some observers describe it as "terrorism" or its perpetrators as "terrorists." This article emphasizes that Mexico has experienced terrorist tactics by criminal organizations. This implies that while the perpetrators are better thought of (and dealt with) as criminal groups, some of their violence at least partially fulfills the criteria to be defined as terrorism. The use of terrorist tactics by criminal groups is an understudied aspect of the crime-terror nexus because more research examines crime by terrorist groups. The article discusses three tactics seen in Mexico: bombings, violent communication, and attacks against politicians. It then presents comparable examples from other countries, such as Brazil, Colombia, Italy, and Russia. Similarities and differences between criminal groups and terrorist groups are discussed. The violence in Mexico is relatively unique for its scale, for the number of people killed, but in general the use of terrorist tactics by criminal organizations is not new.
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In: Perspectives on Terrorism 12 (1): 46-63.
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In: Studies in Conflict & Terrorism (Forthcoming)
SSRN
In: Terrorism and political violence, Band 31, Heft 6, S. 1255-1265
ISSN: 1556-1836
In: Comparative political studies: CPS, Band 50, Heft 10, S. 1358-1389
ISSN: 1552-3829
World Affairs Online
In: Terrorism and Political Violence (Forthcoming)
SSRN
In: Comparative political studies: CPS, Band 50, Heft 10, S. 1358-1389
ISSN: 1552-3829
What explains the emergence of vigilante organizations? Throughout the world, vigilantes emerge to illegally punish perceived criminals, often leading to serious consequences. However, the literature presents partial and conflicting explanations for this phenomenon. This article argues that local economic inequality creates a situation ripe for vigilante organizations. Inequality creates demand for vigilantism because poorer citizens feel relatively deprived of security compared with wealthier neighbors who have advantages regarding private and public security. In addition, inequality suggests a patron-and-worker distribution of labor, and this is ideal for organizing a particular type of group, the patron-funded vigilante group. Empirical tests use original data on the 2013 wave of Mexican vigilante organizations, present in 13 of Mexico's 32 federal entities. Municipal-level income inequality is robustly associated with organized vigilantism. Less support is found for competing explanations.
In: Revista CIDOB d'Afers Internacionals n. 112, pp. 99-126.
SSRN
In: 2017. Comparative Political Studies 50 (10): 1358-1389
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In: Terrorism and political violence, Band 29, Heft 3, S. 533-549
ISSN: 1556-1836