Suchergebnisse

This book explores pastoralist/ farmers' approaches to environmental disaster management in East Africa, charting their responses and adaptations to famine, pandemics, natural disasters, and historical events. Using a dynamic adaptive cycle theoretical framework, it uses social memory to reconstruct an 'event history calendar', thus combining social memory and written historical records to reconstruct the adaptive strategies of pastoralists. It explores the climate history of the southern Ethiopian and northern Kenyan frontier, considering, in particular, the impact of the colonial period and independence thereafter, providing a significant contribution to debates in African environmental history

This book explores how and why the idea of the African environmental crisis developed and persisted through colonial and post-colonial periods, and why it has been so influential in development discourse. From the beginnings of imperial administration, the idea of the desiccation of African environments grew in popularity, but this crisis discourse was dominated by the imposition of imperial scientific knowledge, neglecting indigenous knowledge and experience. African Environmental Crisis provides a synthesis of more than one-and-a-half century's research on peasant agriculture and pastoral rangeland development in terms of soil erosion control, animal husbandry, grazing schemes, large-scale agricultural schemes, social and administrative science research, and vector-disease and pest controls. Drawing on comparative socio-ecological perspectives of African peoples across the East African colonies and post-independent states, this book refutes the hypothesis that African peoples were responsible for environmental degradation. Instead, Gufu Oba argues that flawed imperial assumptions and short-term research projects generated an inaccurate view of the environment in Africa. This book's discussion of the history of science for development provides researchers across environmental studies, agronomy, African history and development studies with a lens through which to understand the underlying assumptions behind development projects in Africa.

"In the context of growing global concerns about climate change, this book presents a regional and sub-continental synthesis of pastoralists' responses to past environmental changes and reflects on the lessons for current and future environmental challenges. Drawing from rock art, archaeology, paleoecological data, trade, ancient hydrological technology, vegetation, social memory and historical documentation, this book creates detailed reconstructions of past climate change adaptations across Sahelian Africa. It evaluates the present and future challenges to climate change adaptation in the region in terms of social memory, rainfall variability, environmental change and armed conflicts and examines the ways in which governance and policy drivers may undermine pastoralists' adaptive strategies. The book's scope covers the Red Sea coast, Somaliland, Somalia, the Ogaden region of Ethiopia, and northern Kenya, part of the Ethiopian highlands and Eritrea, areas where past climate change has been extreme and future change makes it vital to understand the dynamics of adaptation. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of environmental history, human ecology, geography, climate change, environment studies, development studies, pastoralism, anthropology and African studies"--

In the context of growing global concerns about climate change, this book presents a regional and sub-continental synthesis of pastoralists' responses to past environmental changes and reflects on the lessons for current and future environmental challenges. Drawing from rock art, archaeology, paleoecological data, trade, ancient hydrological technology, vegetation, social memory and historical documentation, this book creates detailed reconstructions of past climate change adaptations across Sahelian Africa. It evaluates the present and future challenges to climate change adap.

Persistent inter-ethnic conflicts in southern Ethiopia have created a crisis in security of customary land tenure in the grazing lands. This article explores the links between government administrative policies and inter-ethnic conflicts on grazing resource borders by discussing the historical relationships between contesting pastoral groups, their perceptions of resource borders and how the groups used government policies of ethnic-based decentralisation and referendum to claim ownership rights to grazing lands. The article contextualises the discussions within the politics of land use. Inter-ethnic conflicts have interfered with customary resource allocations by undermining customary institutions for resource sharing. There is a need for urgent dialogue between the government and different pastoral communities for negotiating access to key resources supported by conflict resolution in the southern rangelands of Ethiopia.

Die Turkana in Kenya betreiben überwiegend Weidewirtschaft. Der Aufsatz zeichnet die Landnutzung im Turkana District und die sich aus ihr ergebenden Konflikte seit der Jahrhundertwende (d.h. während der britischen Kolonialherrschaft und nach der Unabhängigkeit) nach, und er untersucht, wie die konfligierenden Landnutzungsinteressen im Hinblick auf die Ökologie und die Ernährungssicherung, insbesondere bei Dürren, zu beurteilen sind. Der Autor versucht schließlich eine Einschätzung alternativer Strategien, die die Turkana von der chronischen Nahrungsmittelunsicherheit befreien könnten. Ergebnis: "solutions may be realized by developing management guidelines which are ecologically sound, sociologically acceptable and founded on the indigenous resource use strategies." (DÜI-Sbd)