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This book seeks to examine the impacts associated with China's carbon-energy policy in Asia and how, coupled with the Belt and Road Initiative, these effects prompt foreign direct investments in coal power and exports of renewable energy technologies. China shows a co-evolution of carbon-energy policy and energy transitions from coal to renewables. Assessing how the policy intensifies pressures and motivations to Chinese companies, chapters in this edited volume analyse how the policy has changed energy and CO2 emissions in Asia through the lens of carbon leakage, relocation, and halos. Contributors present in-depth studies on China's investments and exports, and also its impacts on Indonesia, India, Vietnam, and Japan. Using applied computable general equilibrium and scenario input-output analyses, chapters investigate if regional electricity connectivity reduces new coal power investments through efficiency gain. Arguing that China is shifting from the world's factory to the leading innovator and Asia's demand centre, it is ultimately demonstrated that China is likely to achieve climate targets whereas Asia to increase CO2 emissions and economic reliance on China. China's Carbon-Energy Policy and Asia's Energy Transition will be of significant interest to students and scholars of energy, environment, and sustainability studies, as well as Chinese studies and economics.

This book seeks to examine the impacts associated with China⁰́₉s carbon-energy policy in Asia and how, coupled with the Belt and Road Initiative, these effects prompt foreign direct investments in coal power and exports of renewable energy technologies. China shows a co-evolution of carbon-energy policy and energy transitions from coal to renewables. Assessing how the policy intensifies pressures and motivations to Chinese companies, chapters in this edited volume analyse how the policy has changed energy and CO2 emissions in Asia through the lens of carbon leakage, relocation, and halos. Contributors present in-depth studies on China⁰́₉s investments and exports, and also its impacts on Indonesia, India, Vietnam and Japan. Using applied computable general equilibrium and synario input-output analyses, chapters investigate if regional electricity connectivity reduces new coal power investments through efficiency gain. Arguing that China is shifting from the world⁰́₉s factory to the leading innovator and Asia's demand centre, it is ultimately demonstrated that China is likely to achieve climate targets whereas Asia to increase CO2 emissions and economic reliance on China. China⁰́₉s Carbon-Energy Policy and Asia⁰́₉s Energy Transition will be of significant interest to students and scholars of energy, environment, and sustainability studies, as well as Chinese Studies and economics.

Environmental governance for sustainable development: East Asian perspectives -- Endorsements -- Contents -- List of figures and tables -- Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- List of abbreviations -- Introduction Sustainable development and environmental governance in East Asia -- Economic development and environmental degradation in East Asia -- Discourse of sustainable development in East Asia -- Policy instruments, governing process and governance -- Increasing demand for environmental governance in East Asia -- Rise and fall of development of authoritarian regimes -- Emergence of multiple actors that supply environmental governance -- About this book -- Note -- References -- Part I Environmental governance for sustainable development in East Asia -- 1 Evolution of environmental governance in East Asia: A historical perspective -- Introduction -- Initial driving force: International environmental aid -- Domestic pressure for environmental protection -- Regional integration and environmental governance -- Domestic responses to the global climate regime -- Hybrid system in environmental governance -- Concluding remarks -- Notes -- References -- Part II Domestic pressures for national environmental governance -- 2 Environmental governance for sustainable development in the Republic of Korea: Origins and drivers -- Introductory remarks -- Sustainable development and governance in environmental policy development -- Introduction of ideas on sustainable development -- Proliferation of NIMBYs and their impacts -- Emergence of multistakeholder partnerships -- Controversy over the low-carbon green growth policy -- Enhancement of governance for sustainable development -- From citizen participation to environmental governance -- Local Agenda 21 as a catalyst for environmental governance.

Some low- and middle-income countries go through a transition to a coal-based electricity system as a way of overcoming the trilemma between energy security, equity, and sustainability. Foreign actors have played a role in addressing bottlenecks in energy transitions and can affect the speed and direction of transition. However, the literature on both the geography and temporality of transitions provides a limited understanding of how different dimensions and layers, as well as domestic and foreign actors, interact and complement each other in the course of transition toward a coal-based electricity supply system. To fill this research gap, this paper provides rigorous supporting evidences to the concept of complementarities in the electricity supply system, making it operationalize for empirical analysis. The case study of Indonesia finds that transition is hastened by interplay between foreign investors and domestic actors that addresses multiple complementarity bottlenecks in a package. China plays a distinct role among large foreign coal power investors in the transition to a coal-based system by providing both tangible and intangible resources to address complementarity bottlenecks in the crisis period, and in more acceptable terms of conditions to domestic actors who exert power to influence decisions and political goals in their favor.

Electricity systems are so strongly path dependent and deeply embedded in society that vertically integrated monopolistic or oligopolistic supply are justified. However, over-incentivize for capacity investment, excess dependency on fossil fuel, inefficient supply, and lack of customized services, accountability and participation raise dissatisfaction with the prevailing system, urging system transition. Given high potential of renewable energy in breaking the lock-in and generating positive feedback effects, this paper aims to explore how niche innovators and incumbents capitalize on their resources and power to create, augment or weaken prevailing political path-dependencies and lock-in of the prevailing electricity supply system to prospect a future energy transition, taking China as a case. Main findings are: (a) renewable energy has generated feedback effects in China; (b) regime actors have capitalized on their resources and power to organize alliances to be consistent with the government policy orientation while blocking institutional reforms for energy transition; and (c) their resources and power are derived from the monopolistic or oligopolistic electricity supply system and the government price control, both of which are justified for the sake of energy security and economic stabilization.

When developed countries started providing environmental aid to developing countries, they faced three types of barriers that made such aid ineffective: Conflicting concerns, contracting problems, and lack of capacity. Donors have responded over time with changing policy contents and implementing strategies to convince recipient countries to change their own policies. However, they have taken such steps in different ways. This article examines the ways that bilateral and multilateral donors have adjusted their environmental aid and the results of such adjustments, taking Japan as the center of analysis and comparing it with Germany, Denmark, and the World Bank. The main findings are as follows. First, to overcome the barriers, donors changed their strategy for convincing recipients to make policy change and/or shifted their focus to lower income recipients to take advantage of asymmetric power relations, whereas making minor adjustments to initial policy contents and design within the same environmental discourse. Second, responses to the barriers varied among the donors, reflecting their policy orientation in the environmental discourse, their power relationship with the recipients, and their resource mobilization capacity. Third, sustainability and enforcement of the changed policy depends mainly on the policy contents rather than on the policy change strategy.

The concept of green growth, coupled with one of green economy and low carbon development, is a global concern especially in the face of the multiple crises that the world has faced in recent years - climate, oil, food, and financial crises. In East Asia, this concept is regarded as the key in transforming cheap-labour dependent, export-oriented industries towards a more sustainable development.Green Growth and Low Carbon Development in East Asia examines the beginnings of low carbon, green growth in practice in East Asia and how effectively it has directed East Asian nations, especially Korea