Suchergebnisse

How are gendered work-family life courses associated with financial well-being in retirement? In this article we compare the cohorts born 1920-1950 in West Germany and Switzerland, whose adult life courses are characterized by similar strong male-breadwinner contexts in both countries. The countries differ in that Switzerland represented a liberal pension system, whereas Germany represented a corporatist protective pension system when these cohorts retired. We therefore assess how gendered work-family life courses that developed in similar male-breadwinner contexts are related to financial well-being in retirement in different pension systems. Using data from the SHARELIFE survey we conduct multichannel sequence analysis and cluster analysis to identify groups of typical work-family life courses from ages 20 to 59. Regression models estimate how these groups are associated with the individual pension income and household income in retirement. Results show that women who combined motherhood with part time work and extended periods out of the labour force have even lower individual pension income in Switzerland compared to their German peers. This relative disadvantage partly extends to lower household income in retirement. Findings support that male breadwinner policies earlier in life combined with liberal pension policies later in life, as in Switzerland, intensify pension penalties for typical female work-family life courses of early motherhood and weak labour force attachment. We conclude that life course sensitive social policies should harmonize regulations, which are in effect earlier in life with policies later in life for specific birth cohorts.

The educational sphere has an internal function relatively agreed by social scientists. Nonetheless, the contribution that educational systems provide to the society (i.e., their social function) does not have the same degree of consensus. Taking into consideration such theoretical precedent, the current article raises an analytical schema to grasp the social function of education considering a sociological perspective. Starting from the assumption that there is an intrinsic relationship between the internal and social functions of social systems, we suggest there are particular stratification determinants modifying the internal pedagogical function of education, which impact on its social function by creating simultaneous conditions of equity and differentiation. Throughout the paper this social function is considered a paradoxical mechanism. We highlight how this paradoxical dynamic is deployed in different structural levels of the educational sphere. Additionally, we discuss eventual consequences of this paradoxical social function for the inclusion possibilities that educational systems offer to individuals.

Beliefs about how goods and resources should be distributed in society constitute a central element in the identification with political parties. In this sense, the preference for a more or less active role of the state in redistribution is expected to be related with different party identifications and with the left-right continuum. The present article challenges this assumption, proposing that processes of ideological destructuration have led to that party identification does not constitute a current political cleavage in Chile. The data to be analyzed correspond to the International Social Survey Programme survey implemented in Chile in 1999 and 2009. Results indicate there are scarce differences in distributional preferences by the identification with political parties. Adapted from the source document.

Resumen Este artículo busca delinear un marco teórico sociológico que otorgue sentido al modo en que los museos de arte responden a problemas de acceso y de inclusión social. Para ello asume la teoría de la diferenciación y la exclusión social desarrollada por Niklas Luhmann en el marco más general de su teoría de sistemas sociales. Se analizó el caso de un museo artístico ubicado en Chile, basándose en la realización de entrevistas en profundidad a personas ubicadas en las distintas posiciones de la organización. Confirmando estudios previos realizados por Paul J. DiMaggio, se observa que un museo de artes en Chile, ha generado coaliciones organizacionales internas, cada una de las cuales da sentido a los públicos del museo de un modo distinto. Usando la teoría de sistemas sociales, estas coaliciones son explicadas por alusión a tres aspectos de un sistema social del arte: a) cómo genera una memoria propia, b) cómo define condiciones de participación, y c) cómo se ve afectado por problemas de exclusión social característicos de una sociedad funcionalmente diferenciada. Tales coaliciones difieren entre sí respecto a los "esquemas de atribución causal" que adoptan para explicar la cantidad de público que el museo recibe.

Part I. Introductory Section -- Chapter 1. Empirical and Policy Landscape; Jim Ogg and Martina Rasticova -- Chapter 2. Theoretical Perspectives; Clary Krekula, Sarah Vickerstaff -- Chapter 3. Data Sources and Issues; Michaela Gstrein and Tindara Addaboo -- Part II. Country Reports -- Chapter 4. Albania -- Chapter 5. Austria -- Chapter 6. Belgium -- Chapter 7. Bulgaria -- Chapter 8. Chile -- Chapter 9. Croatia -- Chapter 10. Cyprus -- Chapter 11. Czech Republic -- Chapter 12. Finland.-Chapter 13. France -- Chapter 14. Germany -- Chapter 15. Greece -- Chapter 16. Ireland -- Chapter 17. Israel -- Chapter 18. Italy -- Chapter 19. Lithuania -- Chapter 20. Netherlands -- Chapter 21. New Zealand -- Chapter 22. Poland -- Chapter 23. Portugal -- Chapter 24. Romania -- Chapter 25. Serbia -- Chapter 26. Spain -- Chapter 27. Sweden -- Chapter 28. United Kingdom -- Chapter 29. United States -- Part III. Future Directions -- Chapter 30. Policy Tool-Kits; Jonas Radl and Nata Duvvury. - Chapter 31. Conclusion: Future Directions: Debra Street and Aine Ni Leime.

This open access book addresses the current debate on extended working life policy by considering the influence of gender and health on the experiences of older workers. Bringing together an international team of scholars, it tackles issues as gender, health status and job/ occupational characteristics that structure the capacity and outcomes associated with working longer. The volume starts with an overview of the empirical and policy literature; continues with a discussion of the relevant theoretical perspectives; includes a section on available data and indicators; followed by 25 very concise and unique country reports that highlight the main extended working life (EWL) research findings and policy trajectories at the national level. It identifies future directions for research and addresses issues associated with effective policy-making. This volume fills an important gap in the knowledge of the consequences of EWL and it will be an invaluable source for both researchers and policy makers.

Policy toolkits provide useful information and can be drawn upon as guidance in different stages of the policy-making process. This chapter reviews existing policy toolkits on employment and ageing, aiming to distil a conceptual categorisation intended to inform research uptake strategies. As a basis, we develop a clear definition of policy toolkits and propose a typology of policy tools that consists of four types: (1) good practice, (2) social indicators, (3) programme evaluation and (4) forecasts, projections and simulations. We also describe the underlying relationship between research and policy-making, and provide a synthetic overview of toolkits available for ageing-related issues in the area of employment and pensions. We conclude with the observation that effective policy toolkits hinge on the prior formulation of clear policy goals and that different policy goals may not always be congruent with each other or be simultaneously achieved.