後蘇哈托時期印尼華人參政的重要性:爭取當地社會認同之契機(The Importance of Indonesian-Tionghoa's Political Participation in Post-Soeharto Era: The Opportunity to Acquire Identity from the Local Society)
[Abstract] In 2014, Basuki Cahaya Purnama was inaugurated as the Governor of Jakarta after Joko Widodo became the president of Republic of Indonesia. The Tionghoans in Indonesia again paved their way to the domestic politics area actively with a view to retaining the rights and development of the Tionghoan society. Nonetheless, parties founded by the Tionghoans had stagnation with no progress in politics while the main mode for the Tionghoans' political participation in the future is depicted. The first half part of this article will focus the change of the Tionghoans' political participation in the Post-Soeharto Era so as to depict the main political participation mode. As the result, the article suggests that political participation gives Tionghoans an opportunity to acquire identity from the local society. After more Tionghoans' join the political field, the interaction between them and the local people will pave the way to further the identity to another level. Keywords: Indonesian-Tionghoa, political participation, identity, Post-Soeharto Era [中文摘要] 2014年印尼出現歷史上首位民選華人省長-鍾萬學,不僅象徵印尼華人之參政邁向新里程碑,激勵更多華人投入當地政治事務,亦有助於提昇當地華人地位並維繫其發展與權利。然而回顧後蘇哈托時期印尼華人的參政過程,華人政黨已漸式微,取而代之的是華人代表主流政黨參與議會或地方選舉;而透過民主體制之參政途徑,華人社會除了得以凝聚族群自我認同,亦有爭取當地社會認同之契機,進而實現多元主義國家之遠程目標。 是故,本文將透過國內外針對後蘇哈托時期印尼華人參政之研究與文獻,以及當前華人參政之事實,分析其主要參政模式,進而說明印尼華人參政之重要性,不單只為維繫華人社會之生存與發展;相對地,本文認為,參政是為爭取當地社會對於華人之認同的契機與途徑。儘管目前印尼華人仍須積極耕耘當地政治領域,然而以參政為切入點,不僅得以探察當地社會對於華人之認同,當華人參政之勢漸盛,亦能向內凝聚自我認同,向外達到雙方其他層面之認同,最後推展至與印尼社會團結共處之互動模式。 關鍵字:印尼華人、華人參政、族群認同、後蘇哈托時期