Suchergebnisse

Based on the recognition of the importance, complexity and the influence of the principal`s function in the whole education process, the main goal of this paper is to present a picture of the status of the leadership function in the education system of Montenegro. The first out of three parts of the paper deals with the Legislative framework, e.g. competencies and dominant areas of work of principals in educational institutions. The second part describes the current state of educational leadership in the country and gives the history and scope of the program for the training and professional development of principals. Ever since the establishment of the system of licensing and relicensing of education staff (2010), including the leaders of educational institutions, they are obliged to continuously develop in professional terms. The last part ‒ a view towards the future ‒ gives recommendations for the strengthening of the school leadership role in order to respond to changes in society, particularly in the education system, in a professional and competent way, thus encouraging the development of the institution, that is, of every employee individually. ; Collection name: "PEDAGOGICAL THEORY AND PRACTICE" 49 ; The Bureau for Educational Services is a government institution for monitoring, improvement and evaluation of educational processes in the general pre-university level of education. The Bureau has research, advisory and development oriented functions in the education system.

The aim of this study was the investigation of water, sediments and fish tissues contamination with heavy metals. All samples were taken from the Danube River in Belgrade region, a location upstream from Batajnica. Concentrations of Cd, Hg and Pb in water samples were not detected, while concentrations of Zn, Fe, Cu and As were in the range of 0.004 - 0.330 mg L-1. Iron was the most deposited metal in sediment samples in contrast to water samples where all investigated metals were detected. For the purpose of heavy metals determination in fresh fish tissue, fifteen samples of three different fish species, silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and wels catfish (Silurus glanis) were collected. Concentrations of Pb, Cd, As and Hg were determined in the digestive tract, liver and muscle by absorption spectroscopy. The highest concentration of Pb was in the digestive tract in all three fish species, ranging from 0.036 to 1.518 μg g-1, while Cd was mostly deposited in the liver. Concentrations of As were in the range of 0.36 - 0.73 μg g-1 in Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, 0.013 - 0.18 μg g-1 in Cyprinus carpio and 0.003 - 0.005 μg g-1 in Silurus glanis tissues, while the content of Hg was equal in all tested tissues of carp. Concentrations of all metals were found to be present in the fish samples at different levels, but these values are under the maximum residual levels prescribed by the European Union (EU) and the maximum allowed concentrations (MAC) for Serbia, so the fish meat is acceptable for the human consumption. ; Cilj ovog rada je ispitivanje kontaminacije teškim metalima vode, sedimenta kao i tri različite vrste sveže ribe. Svi uzorci su uzeti iz Dunava u regionu Beograda, tačnije uzvodno od Batajnice. Koncentracije Cd, Hg i Pb u uzorcima vode su približne graničnim vrednostima detekcije, dok su koncentracije Zn, Fe, Cu i As u opsegu 0.004 - 0.330 mg L-1. Gvožđe je najprisutniji metal u uzorcima sedimenata za razliku od uzoraka vode gde su svi ispitivani metali podjednako zastupljeni. U cilju ispitivanja teških metala u tkivima riba sakupljeno je po petnaest uzoraka tri različite vrste riba, tolstolobika (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), šarana (Cyprinus carpio) i soma (Silurus glanis). Koncentracije Pb, Cd, As i Hg određene su u digestivnom traktu, jetri i mišićnom tkivu sveže dunavske ribe metodom absorpcione spektroskopije. Najveća koncentracija Pb zabeležena je u digestivnom traktu kod svih ispitivanih vrsta riba i to u opsegu 0.036 - 1.518 μg g-1, dok je Cd uglavnom deponovan u jetri. Koncentracija As bila je u opsegu 0.36 - 0.73 μg g-1 u tkivu Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, 0.013 - 0.18 μg g-1 u tkivu Cyprinus carpio i 0.003 - 0.005 μg g-1 u tkivu Silurus glanis, dok je sadržaj Hg bio izjednačen u svim ispitivanim tkivima šarana. Koncentracije svih metala u tkivima riba su različite i ispod maksimalno dozvoljenih koncentracija predvidjenih pravilnikom Evropske Unije i maksimalno dozvoljenih koncentracije (MDK) u Srbiji, a riba može da se koristi za ishranu ljudi.

The aim of this study was the investigation of water, sediments and fish tissues contamination with heavy metals. All samples were taken from the Danube River in Belgrade region, a location upstream from Batajnica. Concentrations of Cd, Hg and Pb in water samples were not detected, while concentrations of Zn, Fe, Cu and As were in the range of 0.004 - 0.330 mg L-1. Iron was the most deposited metal in sediment samples in contrast to water samples where all investigated metals were detected. For the purpose of heavy metals determination in fresh fish tissue, fifteen samples of three different fish species, silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and wels catfish (Silurus glanis) were collected. Concentrations of Pb, Cd, As and Hg were determined in the digestive tract, liver and muscle by absorption spectroscopy. The highest concentration of Pb was in the digestive tract in all three fish species, ranging from 0.036 to 1.518 μg g-1, while Cd was mostly deposited in the liver. Concentrations of As were in the range of 0.36 - 0.73 μg g-1 in Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, 0.013 - 0.18 μg g-1 in Cyprinus carpio and 0.003 - 0.005 μg g-1 in Silurus glanis tissues, while the content of Hg was equal in all tested tissues of carp. Concentrations of all metals were found to be present in the fish samples at different levels, but these values are under the maximum residual levels prescribed by the European Union (EU) and the maximum allowed concentrations (MAC) for Serbia, so the fish meat is acceptable for the human consumption.

In November 2013, a team of European regulators initiated the Strengthening Collaboration for Operating Pharmacovigilance in Europe (SCOPE) Joint Action. Funded by the Health Programme of the European Union, and with contributions from the involved Member States, SCOPE gathered information and expertise on how regulators in Member States run their national pharmacovigilance systems to meet the requirements of the pharmacovigilance legislation that came into effect in June 2012. The SCOPE project evaluated then-current practices and developed tools to further improve the skills and capability in the pharmacovigilance network. The project was divided into eight separate work streams, five of which concentrated on pharmacovigilance topicscollecting information on suspected adverse drug reactions, identifying and managing safety issues (signals), communicating risk and assessing risk minimisation measures, supported by effective quality management systems. The other three work streams focused on the functional aspectscoordination, communication and evaluation of the project. Through the project, SCOPE delivered guidance, training in key aspects of pharmacovigilance, and tools and templates to support best practice. The deliverables provide practical guidance that those working in the European national competent authorities can take to strengthen their national systems. The SCOPE outputs can be useful for other stakeholders involved in pharmacovigilance activities, including the pharmaceutical industry, healthcare professionals, patient and consumer organisations, and academia