Life cycle impact assessment
In: LCA compendium, the complete world of life cycle assessment
In: LCA Compendium - the Complete World of Life Cycle Assessment Ser.
Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Introducing Life Cycle Impact Assessment -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Historical Overview -- 2 Purpose and Structure -- 3 Characterisation Principles -- 3.1 Characterisation Framework -- 3.2 Impact Scores -- 3.3 Midpoint Versus Endpoint Indicators -- 3.4 Potential Impacts -- 3.5 Best Estimates -- 3.6 Spatial Differentiation -- 3.7 Linear, Average or Marginal Modelling -- 3.8 Uncertainty -- 4 Reading Guide to This Volume in the Book Series `LCA Compendium´ -- References -- Chapter 2: Selection of Impact Categories and Classification of LCI Results to Impact Categories -- 1 Introduction -- 2 History of Selection of Impact Categories and Classification -- 3 The Purpose of Selection of Impact Categories and Classification -- 4 Selection of Impact Categories -- 4.1 Different Ways of Defining Impact Categories -- 4.2 Default List of Impact Categories -- 5 Assignment of LCI Results to Impact Categories (Classification) -- 5.1 Identification of LCI Results That Relate to More Than One Impact Category -- 5.2 Handling Missing Information -- 6 Conclusions and Research Recommendations -- References -- Chapter 3: Climate Change -- 1 Impact Pathway -- 2 Contributing Substances -- 3 Scale, Spatial Variability, and Temporal Variability -- 4 Midpoint Methodologies -- 5 Endpoint Methodologies -- 6 New Developments and Research Needs -- References -- Chapter 4: Stratospheric Ozone Depletion -- 1 Stratospheric Ozone Chemistry -- 2 Anthropogenic Emissions -- 2.1 Halocarbon Emissions -- 2.2 Nitrous Oxide Emissions -- 2.3 Carbon Dioxide and Methane Emissions -- 3 Effects on Human Health and Ecosystems -- 4 Spatial and Temporal Variability -- 4.1 Spatial Variation -- Box 4.1 Commonly Used Metrics for Analysis of Ozone-Affecting Substances -- 4.2 Evolving Conditions Over Time.