Suchergebnisse

Se realizó un estudio integral sobre el origen del periodismo en Cuyo en 1820, su desarrollo y evolución hasta 1852, desde una perspectiva histórica. Se ha procurado una interpretación abarcadora, buscando el sentido general de los periódicos, aunque en ocasiones nos detenemos en ciertos estudios parcializados. El periodismo produjo cambios y el arribo de conceptos propios de la modernidad y la difusión de los principios liberales. Este proceso sacudió las estructuras tradicionales y produjo el choque entre la élite, de tendencia ilustrada y las clases populares, cercanas al pensamiento tradicional. Por la vía del estudio de temas específicos se pudo sopesar desde variados puntos de vista las distancias entre los partidos unitario y federal, dos cosmovisiones enfrentadas. Se vieron las diferencias filosófico-religiosas, cultural-literarias, económicas y políticas, para culminar en el tema central: el tratamiento de la cuestión de la integridad territorial, que obligó a tomar posición por un partido u otro. El concepto de la actividad periodística era muy distinto en la época estudiada con relación a nuestro tiempo. El periódico era principalmente un espacio literario o de teoría política. La "noticia" como centro del periódico y la función "informativa", no existían. Esto realza los valores del discurso en los planos ético y estético, más cercano al discurso literario, destinado a perdurar; que a lo meramente periodístico, condenado a fenecer. El carácter y función de la prensa son estimados como un medio de persuasión del lector, un medio apologético, para persuadir o reformar o elevar culturalmente. Por eso los periodistas del siglo XIX demostraron convicción y ardor en sus opiniones, cultura y solidez en sus pensamientos, pasión por la defensa de lo que juzgaban justo. ; We performed a comprehensive study on the origin of journalism in Cuyo in 1820 and its development and evolution until 1852, from a historical perspective. We attempted a comprehensive interpretation, seeking newspaper's general direction although sometimes we looked into certain biased studies. Cuyan journalism fostered changes and the arrival of modern concepts as well as dissemination of liberal principles. This process shook the traditional structures and produced the clash between the elite infuenced by the Enlightenment, and the popular classes, who were more akin to the traditional thinking. With the study specific topics, we could weigh from various viewpoints, the distances between unitary and federal parties, two opposing worldviews. We saw the philosophical-religious, cultural-literary, politic and economic differences, culminating in the central issue: the treatment of the problem of territorial integrity, which forced to take a stand for one party or the other. The concept of journalism in the period studied was very different with regard to our time. The newspaper was primarily a literary or political theory space. There did not exist theidea of "news" as the center of the newspaper and the "information" function. This enhances the ethical and aesthetic values of discourse, closer to literary discourse and ultimately destined to survive, over the merely journalistic, destined to pass away. The nature and function of the press were regarded as a means of persuading the reader, an apologetic tool to convince, to reform, or to growth culturally. So, nineteenth century journalists showed conviction and ardor in their opinions, culture and soundness in their thought and passion for defending what they deemed fair. ; Fil: Greco, Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has had clear and dramatic repercussions on health, the economy, and psychosocial well-being. Behavioral measures, such as wearing facemasks and maintaining distance from others, have proven crucial in fighting the contagion's spread. This study aimed to investigate Type A personality traits and sociodemographic predictors of adherence to governmental measures in a sample of frail individuals. METHODS: A sample of 105 Italians over age 60 (Mean age = 70 years; 60.6% male) affected by hypertension who participated in a previous longitudinal study were assessed through a telephone structured interview. Sociodemographic information and Type A personality traits were retrieved from the original longitudinal study. Adherence behaviors were investigated through several questions regarding the compliance with home confinement, the use of facemasks and the observance of social distancing. Repeated measures Analyses of Variance (RMANOVA), Reliable Change Index, and binomial logistic regression analysis were performed. RESULTS: Only 33.3% of the participants reported adherence to all the governmental COVID-19 measures. Being a woman (OR = 4.84; 95% CI = 1.58, 14.90; p < 0.01), being retired (OR = 4.89; 95% CI = 1.09, 21.86; p < 0.05), and suffering from hypertension for a relatively short time (OR = 4.20; 95% CI = 1.22, 14.44; p < 0.05) positively predicted adherence to the governmental measures. Impulsivity resulted in a stable personality characteristic over the last ten years (p = 0.30). Having high levels of impulsivity (OR = 2.28; 95% CI = 1.13, 4.59; p < 0.05) negatively predicted adherence. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that impulsivity is a stable personality facet that can have a robust negative impact on adherence behaviors to health claims. Overall, results show the importance to tailor communication strategies that consider the role of sociodemographic indicators and impulsivity to achieve a high level of adherence.