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8 páginas, 2 tablas, 3 figuras ; The ecological importance and diversity of pico/nanoplanktonic algae remains poorly studied in marine waters, in part because many are tiny and without distinctive morphological features. Amongst green algae, Mamiellophyceae such as Micromonas or Bathycoccus are dominant in coastal waters while prasinophytes clade VII, yet not formerly described, appear to be major players in open oceanic waters. The pigment composition of 14 strains representative of different subclades of clade VII was analyzed using a method that improves the separation of loroxanthin and neoxanthin. All the prasinophytes clade VII analyzed here showed a pigment composition similar to that previously reported for RCC287 corresponding to pigment group prasino-2A. However, we detected in addition astaxanthin for which it is the first report in prasinophytes. Among the strains analyzed, the pigment signature is qualitatively similar within subclades A and B. By contrast, RCC3402 from subclade C (Picocystis) lacks loroxanthin, astaxanthin, and antheraxanthin but contains alloxanthin, diatoxanthin, and monadoxanthin that are usually found in diatoms or cryptophytes. For subclades A and B, loroxanthin was lowest at highest light irradiance suggesting a light-harvesting role of this pigment in clade VII as in Tetraselmis ; Financial support for this work was provided by the European Union program MaCuMBA (FP7-KBBE-2012-6-311975) ; Peer reviewed

5 páginas, 4 figuras ; We report the isolation from the green dinoflagellate Lepidodinium chlorophorum and structural characterization of a new carotenoid termed lepidoxanthin 1, determined to be (3S,5R,6S,3´R,6´R)-5,6-epoxy-19-(2-decenoyloxy)-19´-acetoxy-4´,5´- didehydro-5,6,5´,6´-tetrahydro-β,ε-carotene-3,3´-diol. Its until now unidentified 19,19´-diacyloxy substitution constitutes a chemical signature that can aid to unravel the evolutionary course of this unicellular algae based on the proposed biosynthethic pathway from lutein. ; This work was funded by MINECO-Spain (CTM2012-32181) and European Union Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/REGPOT-2012- 2013.1] under Grant Agreement No. 316265, BIOCAPS. A. G.-O. acknowledges financial support from MINECO (doctoral grant BES-2013-065752) ; Peer reviewed

20 páginas, 7 figuras, 3 tablas.-- This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ; Prasinophytes are a paraphyletic group of nine lineages of green microalgae that are currently classified either at the class or order level or as clades without formal taxonomic description. Prasinophyte clade VII comprises picoplanktonic algae that are important components of marine phytoplankton communities, particularly in moderately oligotrophic waters. Despite first being cultured in the 1960s, this clade has yet to be formally described. Previous phylogenetic analyses using the 18S rRNA gene divided prasinophyte clade VII into three lineages, termed A, B and C, the latter formed by a single species, Picocystis salinarum, that to date has only been found in saline lakes. Strains from lineages A and B cannot be distinguished by light microscopy and have very similar photosynthetic pigment profiles corresponding to the prasino-2A pigment group. We obtained phenotypic and genetic data on a large set of prasinophyte clade VII culture strains that allowed us to clarify the taxonomy of this important marine group. We describe two novel classes, the Picocystophyceae and the Chloropicophyceae, the latter containing two novel genera, Chloropicon and Chloroparvula, and eight new species of marine picoplanktonic green algae ; Financial support for this work was provided by the European Union program MaCuMBA (FP7-KBBE-2012–6–311975) and FONDECYT regular PiSCOSouth (1171802). ; Peer reviewed

AbstractThis paper aims to assess the impact of individual measures for NOx emission reduction on NO2 concentrations at very high spatial resolution in an urban district of Madrid City (Spain). A methodology based on a set of Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations for 16 meteorological scenarios combined with the CHIMERE model for background pollution is used to obtain annual NO2 concentration maps. Two scenarios included in the Spanish National Air Pollution Control Programme are investigated: NOx emission reductions from the installation of more efficient boilers for domestic heating (ECOBOIL) and from the partly substitution of passenger cars with combustion engines by electric cars (EC). This analysis is extended to 9 additional scenarios of more ambitious implementation of electric vehicles in order to determine what the NOx emission reduction required for the annual mean NO2 concentration EU limit value not being exceeded is. The ECOBOIL scenario has a very weak impact on the NO2 concentrations. However, the EC scenario implies a more significant reduction of the NO2 concentrations, but not enough to fully remove NO2 limit value exceedances in the study area. A small additional (compared with the EC scenario) implementation of electric vehicles seems to fulfil that the spatially averaged NO2 concentration be lower than the EU limit value, but the area with exceedances is still very large. However, stronger traffic emission reductions (80%) corresponding to the most ambitious scenarios are needed in order to reach that at least 95% of the domain is free of EU limit value exceedances.