Suchergebnisse

This work adopts different approaches to analyse situations of poverty and extreme poverty in Spain during the last decade, considering different monetary thresholds, measures of severe material deprivation and the combination of both. The determining factors of these situations and the patterns that act as a link between extreme poverty and homelessness are also examined. The results of the study show that for the most restrictive thresholds of 10 per cent and 20 per cent of the median equivalised disposable income the smallest variations during the series are observed, confirming that situations of such deep poverty are not influenced by the cycle since they do not respond to economic stimuli. The determinants of extreme poverty suggest that public policies should be target towards high-risk groups, such as single person households, households with children, younger individuals, individuals with a low educational attainment, and of foreign nationality. Finally, an interesting result is that the profile of individuals in situations of consistent poverty have the greatest similarities to the group of people experiencing homelessness.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse, from an empirical point of view, the importance of each of the main sources of funding in developing countries (foreign direct investment, official development assistance, external debt and remittances) in achieving sustainable, social and inclusive development.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology followed to achieve this purpose is the construction of three econometric models. The general model incorporates as a dependent variable the Human Development Index (HDI) and, as explanatory variables, the four sources of funding indicated above, as well as three exogenous variables (human capital, corruption and natural resources). This model is complemented by two extensions that aim to analyse the behaviour of explanatory variables in reducing inequalities and improving each of the HDI components.FindingsThe results of the estimations of the econometric models show that foreign direct investment and remittances are the sources of funding with the greatest impact on achieving development. Moreover, official development assistance while not making a positive contribution to the achievement of development as a whole, could be adequate to reduce inequalities.Originality/valueThe added value of this paper consists in carrying out a joint analysis of these four sources of funding because previous researches focussed the attention on some of them, drawing partial conclusions. The conclusion of this study is that the four sources of funding analysed can be considered complementary to promote sustainable and inclusive development, although foreign direct investment has a much more important role.

Las conclusiones respecto a la evolución de la desigualdad de países o regiones se deducen, frecuentemente, de las variaciones experimentadas por las estimaciones puntuales de indicadores comunes, sin considerar el efecto de los errores muestrales en la significación estadística de los cambios. En este artículo, se analiza la influencia de los diferentes métodos de inferencia (asintótica y bootstrap) del índice de Gini en la detección de variaciones interanuales de dicho indicador. Con este fin, se realiza, en primer lugar, un estudio de simulación para evaluar el comportamiento de las distintas metodologías, conocidos los valores reales de los parámetros poblacionales. En segundo lugar, se aborda un estudio de sensibilidad aplicado a los datos del caso español para analizar la influencia de la técnica de inferencia sobre la definición de tendencias en el comportamiento del índice de Gini, utilizando datos del Panel de Hogares de la Unión Europea para el período 1993-2000.

Producción Científica ; Income distribution remains a crucial topic in economic analysis, among other reasons, due to the increase in inequality in recent years, as one of the effects of the Great Recession. In this context, proposing parametric models that represent the full distribution through a small number of parameters arouses great interest as an instrument for economic analysis. This paper studies the ability of log Student's t distribution to model the size distribution of income due to its potential to reproduce the effect of a mode around low-incomes as well as its precision in capturing the degree of kurtosis of empirical distributions. These characteristics make the log-t an ideal analysis tool, for instance, for exploring the effects of anti-poverty policies. The model has been fitted to income data for the EU25 and for several years. The conclusion is that the log Student's t distribution offers the best fit in the vast majority of cases. ; Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Project ECO2016-77900-P) ; Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (Project H2019/HUM-5793–OPINBI)

En este artículo se estudia los cambios experimentados por la distribución personal de la renta en España a lo largo del período 1973-2000 utilizando las estimaciones de los parámetros del modelo de Dagum para el conjunto del Estado y sus diferentes comunidades autónomas. Con este fin, se realiza, en primer lugar, una aproximación teórica a los parámetros del modelo de Dagum que permite obtener una nueva caracterización de cada uno de ellos, en relación con su interpretación económica. Los datos utilizados para el ajuste de las distribuciones de rentas personales proceden de las Encuestas Básicas de Presupuestos Familiares para el periodo y del Panel de Hogares de la Unión Europea.