Suchergebnisse

This paper is about the internal conflict in Côte d'Ivoire (or Ivory Coast). After independence in 1960, Côte d'Ivoire has achieved rapid economic growth and political stability under the presidency of Houphouet Boigny. Yet by the end of the 1980s, an economic crisis created difficult conditions for the large majority of the population, while power and wealth were concentrated in the hands of a small minority. After the death of Houphouet Boigny in 1993, Côte d'Ivoire entered a period of turmoil characterised by power struggles, conflicts among various communities living in the country and army mutinies, which culminated in civil war in September 2002. In January 2003, the international community organised a peace conference in Paris, where the conflicting parties and the major political forces signed the Linas-Marcoussis Agreement. A Government of National Reconciliation has received the mandate to realise the resolutions of the peace conference by the next presidential elections planned for October 2005. However, Côte d'Ivoire is still at a political impasse. Whether the political leaders will have the capacity to rebuild the state and achieve national unity is more than uncertain.

The paper deals with some interrelations between Fulbe pastoralists and Senufo agriculturalists in northern Côte d'Ivoire; especially the role played in these relations by hunters' associations whose intervention is closely linked with the growing loss of confidence in the state structures to bring security. The conditions and types of Fulbe migration from western Burkina Faso and Mali to northern Côte d'Ivoire are described. Côte d'Ivoire is regularly confronted with the meat shortages due to the urban growth. In the mid 1970s, the Ivorian state launched a number of livestock projects seeking to increase the national livestock production and to reduce the dependence on external markets. This policy increased pastoral migration in northern Côte d'Ivoire. Conflict and cooperation, two faces of the same coin, occured. Most conflicts between Fulbe pastoralists and Senufo farmers derive from crop damage and competition over natural resources. The state intervention to promote pastoral production exacerbated tensions between the two groups. Inter-ethnic conflict or the eviction of the Fulbe, for example in 1993, are described and analysed as a symptom of this political crisis that culminated in violence and attacks against foreigners after the recent presidential elections. The political sensitivity of the north is further explained in the light of particular historical events and as a result of the ethno-regional policy. Finally the recent political crisis is analysed as a global and identity problem that affects not only the northern region, but the country as a whole.

Anhand der Ergebnisse zweier einander ergänzender Feldforschungen im Westen von Burkina Faso und im Norden der Elfenbeinküste behandelt der Beitrag Prozesse der Integration, Assimilation und ethnischen bzw. beruflichen Differenzierung der Vieh haltenden Fulbe in einer mehrheitlich von Bobo-Bwa und Senufo-Bauern bewohnten Gegend. Dabei werden die interethnischen Beziehungen zwischen den Fulbe, den Bobo-Bwa und den Senufo-Bauern sowohl unter historischen als auch unter aktuellen Aspekten betrachtet. Versucht wird, die Umstände darzustellen, unter denen die Fulbe ihre ethnische Identität geändert haben und ändern. Im Zentrum der Analyse stehen die Faktoren, die die Integration oder die Assimilation einer Gruppe in eine andere begünstigen, z.B. der Zugang zum Land, Eheschließungen, religiöse Aspekte (Islam) und Berufstätigkeit sowie die Ko-Residenz ethnischer Gruppen. Es wird aufgezeigt, dass innerhalb des ökologischen Kontextes der Feuchtsavanne, an welche die Fulbe sich anzupassen versuchten, Aneignung und Spezialisierung in der Zucht des Zebu-Rindes ein Ausdruck ihrer Identität sind. (ICH)

Die Bevölkerung von Burkina Faso zeichnete sich schon immer durch eine vergleichsweise große Mobilität aus. Diese hatte Einfluss auf die Dynamik sozialer Identitäten und die Wahrnehmung ethnischer Grenzen. Der Sammelband präsentiert 14 Beiträge eines Kolloquiums ("Environnement, histoire du peuplement et relations interethniques") vom Dezember 2001 in Ouagadougou, in denen Historiker und Anthropologen verschiedenen Aushandlungsprozessen von Identitäten nachgehen. Soziale Identitäten regeln den Zugang zu Ressourcen; mithilfe eines historischen Diskurses vermitteln sie häufig auch soziale Inklusion oder Exklusion. Die Beiträge sind drei Abschnitten zugeordnet: "Terroirs et territioires contestés", "Relations interethniques" und "Histoire et construction des identités". (DÜI-Sbd)

What does it mean to "fit in?" In this volume of essays, editors Günther Schlee and Alexander Horstmann demystify the discourse on identity, challenging common assumptions about the role of sameness and difference as the basis for inclusion and exclusion. Armed with intimate knowledge of local systems, social relationships, and the negotiation of people's positions in the everyday politics, these essays tease out the ways in which ethnicity, religion and nationalism are used for social integration