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This article reviews recent changes in population policy and demographic trends in the People's Republic of China. Recently available estimates of birth and death rates for the last several decades are examined in the context of political events and disruptions in China. China heralds the world's most comprehensive and perhaps most effective birth control program, aimed at stabilizing the Chinese population at 1.2 billion by the turn of the century, and has made remarkable progress in controlling population growth during the last decade. The dramatic fertility decline in recent years is analyzed and compared with the trends in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. The extent of China's fertility decline is found to be unequaled anywhere in the world. A potential conflict between promotion of agricultural production by individual families through the new responsibility system and the birth control policy is also discussed.

A review of recent changes in population policy & demographic trends in the People's Republic of China. Recently available estimates of birth & death rates for the last several decades are examined in the context of political events & disruptions in China. China has the world's most comprehensive & perhaps most effective birth control program, aimed at stabilizing its population at 1.2 billion by the turn of the century, & has made remarkable progress in controlling population growth during the last decade. The dramatic fertility decline in recent years is analyzed & compared with the trends in Japan, Korea, & Taiwan. The extent of China's fertility decline is found to be unequaled anywhere in the world. A potential conflict between promotion of agricultural production by individual families through the new responsibility system & the birth control policy is also discussed. 4 Tables, 2 Figures. HA.