Suchergebnisse

Loncar, F., & Cabral, P. (2022). Urban Sprawl Analysis in Kutupalong Refugee Camp, Bangladesh. In C. Grueau, & L. Ragia (Eds.), Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Geographical Information Systems Theory, Applications and Management: GISTAM 2022 (Vol. I, pp. 83-90). (8th International Conference on Geographical Information Systems Theory, Applications and Management (GISTAM 2022), 27th to 29th April 2022, Online Streaming). SciTePress - Science and Technology Publications. https://doi.org/10.5220/0000149600003185 ; Urban sprawl is a common phenomenon associated with geographical and political challenges such as refugee settlements and environmental extremes. Urban sprawl related to refugee or habitation settlement has been an area of active interest because of humanitarian and environmental problems. For example, higher rates of urban sprawling are positively correlated with higher rates of deforestation. The present study explored the viability and reproducibility of different classification techniques in assessing urban sprawl among Rohingya refugees in the Kutupalong refugee camp in Bangladesh. These classification methods include the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Maximum Likelihood Classifier (MLC). The urban sprawl was measured based on the classification of urban and non-urban classes. The SVM yielded better overall accuracy performance compared to MLC classification. The study showed that urban class exhibited exponential growth from 2.01 km2 to 5.37 km2 within nine months. On the con trary, the non-urban class shrunk from 12.58 km2 to 9.95 km2 during the same period due to a high influx of refugees and rapid camp expansion. ; publishersversion ; published

Cunha, J., & Cabral, P. (2019). Carbon sequestration scenarios in Continental Portugal: Which way to go forward?. 315. Abstract from 15th European Ecological Federation (EEF) Congress and 18th National SPECO Meeting, Lisboa, Portugal. ; Carbon sequestration is a climate regulation Ecosystem Service (ES) from which ecological functions and human wellbeing depend on. Aiming the carbon dioxide (CO2) mitigation, the Portuguese government created plans and strategies to accomplish the 2030 national environmental goals under international directives. Some of these impact Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) management and ES production levels. This project evaluates the impact of LULC changes on carbon sequestration using scenarios for year 2030. The methodology for the evaluation combine geographical information systems (GIS) and InVEST tool, once they produce very effictive results in this approach. The intervention scenarios in the High case scenario show that policies effect over climate regulation produces more 8% of carbon sequestration than current policies, while the Low case scenario produces more 1%. In the Business-as-Usual approach, results indicate that current policies increase carbon sequestration in 5%. However, according to LULC tradeoffs, current policies cause a loss of carbon sequestration in the territory, while the intervention scenarios causes no losses. We contribute with a methodology to use the Portuguese land cover maps (Carta de Ocupação do Solo) to monitor carbon sequestration in Portugal. Additionally, we provide a case study which reflects how different policy options may impact the climate regulation. ; authorsversion ; published

This article comments upon the Köbler judgment of the Court of Justice of 30 September 2003. The decision is of great significance as, for the first time, the Community judicature explicitly spelled out that the principle of State liability for infringement of Community law – a principle well established in the jurisprudence since the early 1990's – is applicable to national courts adjudicating at last instance. Whereas the ruling no doubt represents an important landmark for the protection of the rights which individuals derive from Community law, it nevertheless raises a number of questions. Basing the judgment on its traditional case law on State liability, the Court did not fully take into account the need to adapt this to the specific nature of the judicial function. As a consequence, its definition of the principle of State liability for acts of the judiciary as well as that of the conditions governing its application is not entirely satisfactory. Moreover, as regards the latter, the application of the key notion of 'sufficiently serious breach' to the circumstances of the case seems largely incongruous.

The growth of cities' population increased the interest in the opportunities and challenges that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have on carbon footprint reduction, which fosters their environmental sustainability. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), six ICT-related variables from European Union (EU) cities were combined into a single two-dimensional ICT index. Then, through cluster analysis, cities were clustered into four groups based on the ICT index and Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Using ICT as an indicator of smartness and CO2 emissions as an indicator of sustainability, we show that it is possible for a city to be smart but not sustainable and vice versa. Results also indicate that there is a gap between cities in northern Europe, which are the top performers in both categories, and cities in south-eastern Europe, which do not perform as well. The need for a common strategy for achieving integrated smart, sustainable and inclusive growth at a European level is demonstrated.

Atumane, A. A. P., & Cabral, P. (2019). Challenges and Opportunities for Spatial Data Infrastructure Development in Mozambique. Journal of Map and Geography Libraries, 15(1), 7-27. https://doi.org/10.1080/15420353.2019.1661932 ; The importance of access to spatial data for development and resource management is widely acknowledged worldwide. Unrestricted, reliable and efficient access to accurate, timely, and up-to-date spatial data may be achieved through a spatial data infrastructure. Thus, most developed countries implemented and continue to develop their spatial data infrastructure. In Africa, there is a growing number of governments committed to spatial data infrastructure development. This paper aims to contribute to initialize an spatial data infrastructure in Mozambique. We identified and characterized through a survey the government institutions producing, sharing, and using spatial data in the country to estimate their potential contribution to the development of the Mozambican spatial data infrastructure. We found 12 institutions producing 15 thematic datasets which can constitute the core of the spatial data infrastructure for Mozambique. Two government agencies have the technical skills and policies to make spatial data available to the public. Based on the possible contribution of these institutions, this paper proposes an spatial data infrastructure for Mozambique based on four pillars: i) organizational framework; ii) legal framework; iii) technical framework; and iv) accessibility. ; authorsversion ; published

Akande, A., Cabral, P., & Casteleyn, S. (2019). Assessing the Gap between Technology and the Environmental Sustainability of European Cities. Information Systems Frontiers, 21(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-019-09903-3 ; The growth of cities' population increased the interest in the opportunities and challenges that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have on carbon footprint reduction, which fosters their environmental sustainability. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), six ICT-related variables from European Union (EU) cities were combined into a single two-dimensional ICT index. Then, through cluster analysis, cities were clustered into four groups based on the ICT index and Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions. Using ICT as an indicator of smartness and CO 2 emissions as an indicator of sustainability, we show that it is possible for a city to be smart but not sustainable and vice versa. Results also indicate that there is a gap between cities in northern Europe, which are the top performers in both categories, and cities in south-eastern Europe, which do not perform as well. The need for a common strategy for achieving integrated smart, sustainable and inclusive growth at a European level is demonstrated. ; publishersversion ; published