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In The Currency of Empire, Jonathan Barth explores the intersection of money and power in the early years of North American history, and he shows how the control of money informed English imperial action overseas. The export-oriented mercantile economy promoted by the English Crown, Barth argues, directed the plan for colonization, the regulation of colonial commerce, and the politics of empire. The imperial project required an orderly flow of gold and silver, and thus England's colonial regime required stringent monetary regulation. As Barth shows, money was also a flash point for resistance; many colonists acutely resented their subordinate economic station, desiring for their local economies a robust, secure, and uniform money supply. This placed them immediately at odds with the mercantilist laws of the empire and precipitated an imperial crisis in the 1670s, a full century before the Declaration of Independence. The Currency of Empire examines what were a series of explosive political conflicts in the seventeenth century and demonstrates how the struggle over monetary policy prefigured the patriot reaction to the Stamp Act and so-called Intolerable Acts on the eve of American independence. Thanks to generous funding from the Arizona State University and George Mason University, the ebook editions of this book are available as Open Access (OA) volumes from Cornell Open (cornellpress.cornell.edu/cornell-open) and other Open Access repositories.

"Money and fiscal policy precipitated many of the most significant political conflicts between England and the American colonies in the seventeenth century. Competition over silver currency in particular provoked a transatlantic crisis in the 1670s and 1680s, ameliorated only with the onset of a new imperial-colonial bargain in the 1690s"--

AbstractLiberty of conscience, encompassing free speech, a free press, and freedom of religion, has a rich history in Anglo-American political thought, long predating the drafting of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1789. The debate over licensing acts in seventeenth-century England; the advancement of principles of toleration by John Milton, Algernon Sidney, and John Locke in the same period; the renowned, impassioned, and highly influential essays of John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon in Cato's Letters; the flourishing of a relatively free press and free church in eighteenth-century colonial America; and the liberty-championing assertions in the several declarations of rights in the newly independent states of America all played a critical role in shaping and inspiring the popular views in America that made the First Amendment possible.

In The Currency of Empire, Jonathan Barth explores the intersection of money and power in the early years of North American history, and he shows how the control of money informed English imperial action overseas. The export-oriented mercantile economy promoted by the English Crown, Barth argues, directed the plan for colonization, the regulation of colonial commerce, and the politics of empire. The imperial project required an orderly flow of gold and silver, and thus England's colonial regime required stringent monetary regulation. As Barth shows, money was also a flash point for resistance; many colonists acutely resented their subordinate economic station, desiring for their local economies a robust, secure, and uniform money supply. This placed them immediately at odds with the mercantilist laws of the empire and precipitated an imperial crisis in the 1670s, a full century before the Declaration of Independence. The Currency of Empire examines what were a series of explosive political conflicts in the seventeenth century and demonstrates how the struggle over monetary policy prefigured the patriot reaction to the Stamp Act and so-called Intolerable Acts on the eve of American independence. Thanks to generous funding from the Arizona State University and George Mason University the ebook editions of this book are available as Open Access (OA) volumes from Cornell Open (cornellopen.org) and other Open Access repositories.

In The Currency of Empire, Jonathan Barth explores the intersection of money and power in the early years of North American history, and he shows how the control of money informed English imperial action overseas. The export-oriented mercantile economy promoted by the English Crown, Barth argues, directed the plan for colonization, the regulation of colonial commerce, and the politics of empire. The imperial project required an orderly flow of gold and silver, and thus England's colonial regime required stringent monetary regulation. As Barth shows, money was also a flash point for resistance; many colonists acutely resented their subordinate economic station, desiring for their local economies a robust, secure, and uniform money supply. This placed them immediately at odds with the mercantilist laws of the empire and precipitated an imperial crisis in the 1670s, a full century before the Declaration of Independence. The Currency of Empire examines what were a series of explosive political conflicts in the seventeenth century and demonstrates how the struggle over monetary policy prefigured the patriot reaction to the Stamp Act and so-called Intolerable Acts on the eve of American independence.

Currently the EU and the world face several complex and interconnected challenges. These range from climate change and loss of biodiversity to high levels of inequality and precarious work. At the same time, there is a growing discontent with politics not being able to provide appropriate problem solutions. Over the last years, however, an enormous quantity of ecological and social indicators has been brought up that may serve as a new compass in addressing these challenges and accessing wellbeing and sustainability at the same time. Our contribution shows how these indicators can help to better navigate policymaking while considering sustainability and wellbeing and to replace the currently dominant, GDP-focused approach. The paper gives an insight into the results of an ongoing research project funded by the German Federal Environment Agency, exploring how ecological and social indicators can be better integrated into macroeconomic models (Diefenbacher et al. 2019). The focus of the paper lies on integrating new ecological and social indicators into QUEST, the global macroeconomic policy simulation model of the European Commission's Directorate-General for Economic Affairs and Finance (DG ECFIN).

Die Bewertung von wirtschaftlichem Wachstum im Rahmen einer nachhaltigen Wirtschaft ist im Netzwerk Nachhaltige Ökonomie umstritten. Die Autoren des vorliegenden Beitrages gehen davon aus, dass ein ökonomischer Wachstumszwang existiert, der vor allem durch die Substitution von Arbeit durch Maschinen und Ressourcenverbrauch entsteht ("technologische Arbeitslosigkeit"). Die höheren Einkommen jener, die von dieser Substitution profitieren, können als ökonomische Renten interpretiert werden. Renten als leistungslose Einkommen untergraben die der Marktwirtschaft zugrundeliegende Gerechtigkeitsnorm, die als Leistungsprinzip bezeichnet wird. Durch die institutionelle Trockenlegung der wichtigsten Quellen leistungsloser Einkommen lässt sich mit wenigen Maßnahmen innerhalb des bestehenden Wirtschaftssystems eine Politik für eine nachhaltigere Ökonomie begründen, die nicht nur einen Weg aus dem Konflikt zwischen Ökonomie, Ökologie und Sozialem weist, sondern zudem im Einklang mit liberalen Grundwerten steht. ; Eine geringfügig veränderte Version wurde veröffentlicht in: Holger Rogall et al. (Hrsg.): 6. Jahrbuch Nachhaltige Ökonomie 2018/19, Metropolis, Marburg, 2018. S. 131-43. ISBN 978-3-7316-1339-8. https://www.metropolis-verlag.de/1339/book.do

Mehr Transparenz über den monatlichen individuellen Energieverbrauch und die Kosten für Heizen und Warmwasser soll Nutzer:innen zusätzliche Impulse für ein energiesparendes Verhalten geben und sie motivieren, bestehende Energiesparpotenziale auszuschöpfen. Der vorliegende Leitfaden zeigt, wie eine monatliche Heizinformation, die die gesetzlichen Anforderungen der Heizkostenverordnung erfüllt, klar, verständlich und motivierend aufbereitet werden kann. Dafür wurde ein Gestaltungsvorschlag entwickelt. Der Gestaltungsvorschlag besteht in einer kompakten Darstellung aller benötigten Daten, Diagramme und Informationen, ergänzt durch Piktogramme, Tipps und Links zu weiterführenden Informationen. Damit ist er sowohl für eine monatliche Übermittlung per Post als auch für die elektronische Darstellung auf Webportalen oder in Apps anwendbar. Der Leitfaden soll Messdienstleistern als Richtschnur für die Gestaltung der monatlichen Heizinformation, Vermieter:innen als Ausschreibungsgrundlage und Mieter:innen als Referenz für eine verständliche Information zum Thema Heizen und Warmwasser dienen.

Wie gelingt Suffizienzpolitik? Wie lassen sich beteiligte Politik- und Verwaltungsakteure dafür gewinnen, sich mit Suffizienzmaßnahmen zu beschäftigen? Und welchen Mehrwert bieten dabei agile Zusammenarbeitsformate in Politikberatungsprozessen? Dieser Abschlussbericht bereitet Antworten auf diese Fragen aus Forschungsprojekt "Mehr Lebensqualität, weniger Umweltverbrauch" auf. Er bietet einen tieferen Einblick in die Politikfelder Wärme, Nachhaltigkeit in Stadt-Umland-Beziehungen und Luftreinhaltung sowie ihre Schnittmengen mit der Suffizienzperspektive. Zudem stellt er die Methoden und Formaten dar, mit der eine iterative und nutzer*innen-orientierte Projektdurchführung ermöglicht wurde.