Suchergebnisse

In Central and Eastern Europe, even the post‐
socialist period has not made it easy for ethnic communities
to exercise their linguistic and cultural rights, and territorial
autonomy or self‐government, as a risk to territorial
integrity, has been granted only in exceptional cases. This
paper focuses on the main objectives of ethnoregional parties
to reorganise the power structure of the national political
system. The study is based on an analysis of core documents
from 92 parties in 15 Central and Eastern European
countries, identifying and classifying the objectives set out in
these documents. The results highlight the ethnoregional
objectives in Central and Eastern Europe, including not only
the cultural‐linguistic dimension but also the need to change
internal/external borders or the division of power within
each state, highlighting the diversity and complexity of the
problems and objectives underlying each category.

Az etnoregionális pártok törekvésein, a megfogalmazott célok különbségein alapuló tipológiák megalkotásának Nyugat-Európában évtizedes hagyományai vannak. A kelet-közép- európai térség etnikai, etnoregionális szervezeteiről ilyen összegző munkák a rendszerváltozás óta eltelt három évtized során alig születtek. Szinte közvetlenül a demokratikus átalakulás után, a nemzeti és etnikai identitások (újjá)éledésének, valamint a kulturális és területi igények megfogalmazásának időszakában a térség etnikai mozgalmait Janusz Bugajski rendezte típusokba. A kialakított kategóriák – kulturális megújulás, politikai autonomizmus, területi önrendelkezés, szeparatizmus, irredentizmus – felülvizsgálatára, a szervezetek céljainak újbóli értékelésére mindezidáig nem került sor. Jelen tanulmány az egyik legfrissebb, a korábbi munkákat szintetizáló nyugat-európai tipológia adaptálásával, a szervezetek alapdokumentumaiban megfogalmazott céljainak vizsgálata alapján a kelet-közép-európai etnoregionális pártok típusainak meghatározására tesz kísérletet.

This paper provides an insight into the transformation processes that have affected Upper Silesia, a Polish border region with long traditions of industrialisation, autonomous structures and volatile historical changes. It shows how the region, profoundly affected by the structural crisis of mining and heavy industry and experiencing unfavourable demographic processes, has managed to recover and prosper under new conditions. In a fragmented space characterised by strong urbanisation, industrial restructuring has been based on the renewal of traditional branches and the creation of new development paths through reindustrialisation and service-based development. The size of Upper Silesia, and particularly the conurbation surrounding Katowice, has also led to attempts at establishing effective metropolitan governance, a challenge whose success depends as much on harmonising internal interests as finding a compromise acceptable by both the region and the central government.

Local governments had key and prominent roles in tackling the COVID-19 pandemic. Their task was to take short-term measures quickly and to organize protection and care for those in need. The main objective of our paper is to present how local governments communicated with their inhabitants on various online interfaces in this crisis situation. Our analysis covers 54 settlements representing all the different levels of the settlement network from large cities to small villages. We examined the webpages and Facebook pages of local governments and mayors, first during the first wave and then during the second and third waves of the pandemic. Recognizing their responsibility, local governments clearly tried to provide information to the inhabitants as quickly as possible. They considered the online interfaces the most effective, but the online communication had typically been complemented by information published on more traditional channels as well. There were no significant differences in terms of the way and characteristics of communication among the different types of settlements, although local governments of different sizes obviously had to face different challenges in terms of the amount of tasks they had to tackle. The communication process was a very difficult task because of the lack of information and the not-transparent data provision. Even on the Facebook pages especially suitable for this purpose, interactivity rumbled, and in many cases the questions and suggestions of the inhabitants remained unanswered. It is instructive that, with few exceptions, settlements do not place emphasis on surveying local needs and opinions.

Priključenjem Hrvatske Europskoj uniji ubrzao se proces ukidanja hrvatsko-mađarske granice. Jedna od važnih stepenica tog procesa je formiranje Mura Region EGTC. Organizaciju su osnovali Muramenti Nemzetiségi Területfejlesztési Társulás (Pomursko nacionalno udruženje za regionalni razvoj), i općine Donja Dubrava, Donji Vidovec, Goričan i Donji Kraljevec. Umjesto mađarsko-mađarskih odnosa koji karakteriziraju susjedsku mađarsku politiku, u našem slučaju dominiraju hrvatskohrvatski nacionalni odnosi. Cilj studije je prikazati kroz mađarsko Pomurje, odnosno hrvatsko Međimurje kvalitativnu promjenu pograničnog područja koje je u nedavnoj prošlosti bilo otuđeno. Prije svega, istražujemo sustav društveno-gospodarstvenih odnosa koji se aktivno razvijaju, a što je vidljivo na temelju IPA natječaja za razvoj prekogranične suradnje. ; With Croatia's EU accession, the process of etherialization of the Croatian-Hungarian border accelarated. One important step was the foundation of the Mura Region EGTC. The organization is made of Muramenti Nemzetiségi Területfejlesztési Társulás, Donja Dubrava, Donji Vidovec, Gorican and Donji Kraljevec. Instead of the Hungarian-Hungarian relations, typical for Hungarian neighborhood politics, the Croatian- Croatian ethnic relationships dominate in this case. The aim of this study is to show through the example of the Hungarian Mura-side and the Croatian Muraköz (Međimurska) the qualitative transformation of a previously alienated border area. First, we examine the socio-economic system of relations, whose activity is clearly shown by the IPA cross-border relations development tenders.

AbstractAlthough the issue of the coronavirus pandemic has temporarily overridden discussions on the impacts of climate change on tourism, they have not lost their relevance at all. The exposure of the tourism industry to these effects is indisputable. This study, conducted in 2019–2020, examined the perceptible impacts of climate change that generate further changes, and the issue of climate adaptation involving certain supply-side players in the tourism sector at the local and regional levels. In the questionnaire used to explore the topic, questions were asked about a number of perceptible phenomena and their effects on everyday life, recreational habits, and adaptation. The quantitative surveys involved 1,615 respondents from the Transdanubian region of Hungary (NUTS1/HU2). The results of the research clearly confirm that the problem of climate change is no longer a concern only for scientists, and although the different generations perceive and evaluate the phenomenon differently in many cases, it increasingly affects people's everyday lives and recreational habits. The perceived effects experienced by the respondents clearly influence the enjoyment of certain tourism product groups (beach holidays, hiking, attending open-air events) and the comfort and satisfaction experienced by individuals.